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作 者 ：张秋芳,刘波*,林营志,史怀,杨述省,周先冶

期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 8期 页码：4127~4137

关键词：土壤；微生物群落；磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)；生物标记；多样性；

Keywords:soil, microbial community, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), biomarker, diversity,

摘 要 ：磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）生物标记法是一种可定性和定量分析土壤中微生物群落多样性的方法。研究以烟田土壤为例，应用生态学评价方法，即丰富度 (S)、均匀度(J)、Simpson优势度(D)、Shannon\|Wiener(H1)、Brillouin(H2)和McIntosh(H3)多样性指数等测度方法，分析土壤中微生物群落PLFAs生物标记的多样性。研究结果表明，供试土壤微生物群落中，先后出现了43种PLFAs,将其聚类分析，可以将所获得的PLFAs分成五大类：第Ⅰ类为高含量、高频次和多样性，PLFA为18:1ω9c的真菌生物标记；第Ⅱ类为高含量、高频次和多样性，PLFA为16:0的假单胞菌生物标记；第Ⅲ类为高含量、高频次，多样性中等，PLFA为16:1ω5c的甲烷氧化菌生物标记；第Ⅳ类为中等含量，频次较高，多样性中等，含有表征好氧菌的i15:0、a15:0、i16:0和a17:0的PLFA，还有表征厌氧菌的18:1ω7c以及硫酸盐还原菌的16:0 10Me；第Ⅴ类为低含量，低频次和多样性，其特征生物标记有表征好氧菌的i 15:0 3OH、15:1 i G、a16:0、i16:1 G、i16:1 H、17:0、i17:0、15:0 2OH、15:0 3OH、17:0和17:0 2OH的PLFAs，存在有表征真菌的18:3ω6c (6,9,12)、放线菌的17:0 10Me和18:0 10Me以及表征原生动物的20:4ω6,9,12,15c。说明供试土壤中能够起主导作用的功能菌依次是真菌、假单胞菌、甲烷氧化菌和部分的好氧菌、厌氧菌及硫酸盐还原菌，将为合理调节土壤微生态系统提供指导,是一种可行的评价土壤微生物群落多样性的新方法。

Abstract:As a kind of biomarker, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) was used to detect the microbial community diversity in soil both qualitatively and quantitatively. The diversity of PLFA in the tobacco soils was tested. The PLFA data was analyzed, using Shannon\|wiener（H1）,Brillouin（H2） and McIntosh（H3） diversity indices，the abundance(S)，Pielou evenness（J）and Simpson indices（D）. The result of the ecological evaluation showed that: 43 PLFAs in total were detected in soils during the whole growing periods of tobacco. Total PLFAs reached the highest in soils that were collected after growing tobacco for 90 days. The 43 PLFAs biomarkers tested could be divided into 5 groups by means of the cluster analysis according to diversity indices. It was as follows: Group Ⅰ was characterized with high quantity, high frequency and high diversity for the biomarkers in the soil, the dominant biomarker was 18:1ω9c belonging to fungal biomarker; Group Ⅱ was rich with 16:0, characterized with high frequency and high diversity, belonging to pseudomonas; Group Ⅲ had 16:1ω5c with characteristics of high quantity, high frequency and moderate diversity, belonging to methanotrophs; Group Ⅳ had i15:0, a15:0, i16:0 and a17:0 which were related to aerobic bacterial biomarkers, 18:1ω7c which was anaerobia, 16:0 10Me which was sulfate reducing bacterial PLFA biomarkers, those of PLFA biomarkers were moderate quantity and diversity, high frequency; Group Ⅴ had i 15:0 3OH, 15:1 i G, a16:0, i16:1 G, i16:1 H, 17:0, i17:0, 15:0 2OH, 15:0 3OH, 17:0 and 17:0 2OH which were aerobic bacteria, 18:3ω6c (6,9,12) which was fungus, 17:0 10Me and 18:0 10Me which were actinomyces, 20:4ω6,9,12,15c which was protozoa. Group V PLFAs biomarkers were low quantity, frequency and diversity. Therefore, the order of microbes which played an important role to the tobacco soil properties was fungus, pseudomonas, methanotrophs, aerobic bacteria, anaerobe, and then sulfate reducing bacteria. It could instruct the equitable adjustment of soil miroecological system which would be a new method to assess the diversity of microbial community in soils.

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