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作 者 ：陈金良,胡德夫,李凯,曹杰,孟玉萍,崔媛媛

期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 3期 页码：1104~1108

关键词：普氏野马；摄食行为；饮水；舔盐行为；食粪；

Keywords:words: Przewalski’s Horse（Equus przewalskii）, feeding behavior, drinking behavior, behaviors of licking salt soil, coprophagy,

摘 要 ：2005至2006年的6~8月间，在新疆普氏野马饲养与繁殖研究中心和卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区，采用全事件取样法和目标动物取样法相结合，研究了圈养和放归成年雌性普氏野马夏季昼间的摄食行为。结果表明，两组个体在摄食行为类型上存在一定的差异，圈养个体普遍具有舔盐和食粪行为，而放归个体不存在此类行为。经独立样本t 检验，得出两组个体的摄食和站立行为的时间分配存在显著差异（P＜0.05），而站息、卧息、运动和其它行为差异不显著（P＞0.05），总体上，两组普氏野马的摄食行为所占时间最多。圈养个体昼间具有3个摄食高峰（8:00~10:00、13:00~15:00、19：30~20:00），与人工投食时间相一致，而放归个体摄食高峰并不明显，仅在13:00~15:00之间出现一个明显的摄食低谷，表现出自然的摄食节律及对放归地夏季自然条件的适应。

Abstract:This research examines diurnal feeding behaviors of released and captive adult female Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalskii) in summer. The research was conducted at the Xinjiang Wild Horse Breeding and Research Center and Karamori Mountain Nature Reserve from June to August of 2005 and 2006. We used all-occurrence recording and focal animal sampling methods to record feeding bevaior. The results indicate several differences in feeding behavior between released and captive Przewalski′s horses. Specifically, licking salt soil and coprophagy which occurred in captive animals only. We also detected significant differences in the time spent on feeding and standing behaviors (P＜0.05, T test). There were no significant differences between captive and released horses in the time spend in standing-rest, lying-rest and in motion behaviors of (P＞0.05, T tests). Feeding behaviors were the most common behavior in both groups of horses and accounted for the most of the daytime behaviors. Peaks in feeding behavior conincided with feeding times for captive animals (8:00-10:00, 13:00 - 15:00, 19:30 - 20:00). In contrast, released horses had no obvious peake in feeding behavior. However, instead released horses displayed little to no feeding behavior between 13:00 and 15:00, suggesting that they adapt their feeding activity to summer conditions.

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