作 者 ：周瑞莲,王仲礼,侯月利,Westgate.E.Mark2
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 10期 页码：4635~4644
关键词：大豆基因型；温度处理；蛋白质和脂肪积累模式；种子发育；
Keywords:soybean genotypes, temperature treatment, protein and oil accumulation pattern, seed development,
摘 要 ：目前人们仍不清楚温度是如何影响发育中的大豆(Glycine max L.)种子蛋白质和脂肪积累过程以及基因型不同的大豆是否对温度具有相同的反应。研究拟通过对3个基因型大豆在不同温度处理下， 种子发育过程中的蛋白质和脂肪的积累模式研究，以了解温度对种子组分的调节机理。 3个基因型大豆品种（Evans， PI132.217 ，和Proto）种子盆栽在温度为27/20℃（中温）的生长箱中生长到开花。在开花后第10天，将其中的一个生长箱的温度调节到35/27℃ (高温); 另一个调到20/12℃ (低温)。生长在高温和中温条件下的大豆， 在开花的第21天开始收集豆荚， 每3d取1次样。生长在低温条件下的大豆， 在开花的第25天开始收集豆荚， 每5d取1次样。结果表明，3个基因型大豆种子均在高温下生长快，成熟早，在中温下生长速率最大，低温下生长速率低但种子生长期延长。当种子获得60%~70%总干重时种子脂肪含量达到最大（中温），高温使其提前出现，低温则被推后。在低温下，种子中蛋白质和脂肪两者积累模式相同，但蛋白质积累速率低。 在高温和中温条件下，种子蛋白质和脂肪的积累模式不同。 在种子获得60%~70%的总干重之前， 蛋白质和脂肪积累模式相同，但在种子获得60%~70%的总干重之后， 蛋白质积累呈上升趋势， 而脂肪积累停止或下降。同时在种子发育的晚期伴随着蛋白质含量增加，淀粉和蔗糖含量快速下降。虽然3个基因型大豆种子的蛋白质和脂肪积累模式均明显受温度影响，但在不同温度条件下和不同生长阶段中高蛋白质品种Proto和 PI132.217 (蛋白质稳定型)蛋白质含量总是高于低蛋白质品种Evans，而且两者差异显著。这一研究表明温度不能改变品种在蛋白质和脂肪合成上的遗传特性。 遗传育种在提高大豆种子蛋白质含量上仍起决定作用， 但是合理的播种时期在提高大豆种子蛋白质和脂肪含量上也是不可忽视的问题。
Abstract:The effect of growth temperature on final protein and oil content of soybean (Glycine max L.) in seed fill has been studied. But it is unclear that how accumulation process of seed composition is in response to the temperature or whether different genotypes of soybean with high seed protein have similar responses to temperature in seed fill. The objective of this study was to investigate the developmental pattern of seed protein and oil accumulation under different temperature to know how the temperature affects the process of seed composition development. Three genotypes varying in final seed protein and oil content (Evans, PI 132.217, and Proto) were grown under optimal conditions (27/20℃, MT) in a growth chamber until 10 days after flowering (DAF) when pods at mid-stem nodes were fully expanded. Temperature in three growth chambers was then adjusted to one of three day/night temperature regimes: high temperature, 35/27℃ (HT); moderate temperature, 27/20℃ (MT), or low temperature, 20/12℃ (LT) and maintained until the seeds reached physiological maturity. Pods were collected every 3 days starting at 21 DAF at HT and MT, every 5 days starting at 25 DAF at LT to monitor changes in seed mass and composition. Seeds grown at HT matured sooner for all lines. At MT seed obtained greatest seed growth rate for all lines. At LT, seed growth rate was lower, and duration of growth became longer. Greatest oil concentration (%) was obtained at seeds reaching 60%-70% of final seed DW, then stabilized or decreased slightly as the seeds matured. The time for greatest oil concentration was advanced at HT, and delayed at LT. There was the same pattern of oil and protein accumulation on seed fill at LT. At HT and MT, oil and protein concentrations followed a similar pattern until 60% of final seed DW was reached and then the oil concentration stabilized or slightly decreased, protein concentration increased until mature. Higher temperature increased the rate of protein accumulation, particularly in the later stages of development, which was related to a rapid decrease in starch concentration. The developmental pattern of protein accumulation in three genetic lines was impacted by temperature. But the percentage of protein in higher protein lines of Proto (higher protein line) and PI132.217 (stable protein line) always was higher than that in low protein line of Evans. It suggested that character of genetic difference in accumulating protein in high protein line would be not altered by temperature. This study showed that genetic breeding plays a key role in increasing the seed with higher protein and higher oil. But it is also important in obtaining seed higher protein and oil concentration by choosing suitable planting dates.
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