作 者 ：王丹丹,李辉信,胡锋,王霞
期 刊 ：生态学报 2007年 27卷 4期 页码：1292~1299
Keywords:earthworm, straw, copper contamination, phytoremediation,
摘 要 ：以高沙土为供试土壤，加入Cu2+以模拟成：0，100，200，400 mg/kg Cu2+的Cu污染土壤，设置接种蚯蚓（E）、表施秸秆（M），同时加入蚯蚓和秸秆（ME）及不加蚯蚓和秸秆的对照（CK）4个处理，并种植黑麦草。研究蚯蚓、秸秆相互作用对黑麦草吸收、富集铜的影响。结果表明：加入秸秆显著提高了蚯蚓的生物量，一定程度上缓解了重金属对蚯蚓的毒害，同时蚯蚓显著提高了秸秆的分解率，较无蚯蚓对照提高了58.11%~77.32%。接种蚯蚓（E,ME）还提高了土壤有效态重金属（DTPA-Cu）含量，秸秆处理（M）则降低了土壤有效态重金属含量。研究还发现，E处理促进了黑麦草地上部生长，而M和ME处理均显著提高了黑麦草地下部的生物量。E和ME处理同时提高了植物地上部和地下部的Cu浓度及Cu吸收量，M处理则只对植物的地下部Cu浓度和Cu吸收量有显著促进作用。总体来看，E处理、M处理及ME处理分别使黑麦草地上部Cu富集系数提高了31.22%~121.07%，2.12%~61.28%和25.56%~132.64%。
Abstract:It is well known that the earthworms activities can increase the availability of soil nutrients, improve soil structure, and enhance the biomass of plants in uncontaminated soil. Recently, many researchers found that some metal-tolerant earthworms can survive and even change the fractional distribution of heavy metals in contaminated soil. Furthermore, it has been revealed that earthworms are able to increase metal availability, and therefore, to accumulate more metals in plants through their burrowing and casting activities. It is clear that the influence of soil animals is an important factor on phyto-remedation that must be taken into account. We studied some effects of addition of earthworms (Metaphire guillelmi), corn straw, and in combinations of earthworms and corn straw on the growth and Cu uptake by ryegrass in Cu contaminated pot soils. The experiment consisted of four levels of Cu addition (0, 100, 200, 400 mg kg-1) and four treatments. The treatments were 1. control (CK); 2.straw mulching only (M); 3. earthworm additions to soil only (E); and 4.straw mulching plus earthworm additions (ME). Each treatment had three replicates. 10 seeds of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) were sowed in each pot and harvested after 30 days.
After 30 days incubation, all earthworms were alive and the pot soils were burrowed through by earthworms. Results showed that the biomass of earthworm declined with the increase of the dosage of Cu additions. The biomass of earthworm increased significantly in treatment 4 (ME) as compared it with treatment 3 (E). Not only the earthworms could get more food from the straw, but also could counteract some negative effects of Cu on the earthworms. The rates of straw decomposition in ME treatment were increased about 58.11%-77.32%. The earthworm activities increased root biomass of ryegrass significantly, but did not show the effect on plant root growth. On the contrary, straw enhanced roots biomass significantly instead of shoots biomass.
We also found Cu concentration in the plant shoot and the plant root, as well as plant Cu uptake were enhanced by earthworm’s activities and straw mulching. The increased amount by straw mulching was lower than that of earthworms (E) treatment. The treatment of the earthworm-straw mulching combinations enhanced plant Cu concentration, and the amount increased by it was lower than that of the earthworm treatment(E) but higher than that of straw mulching treatment (M). The accumulation factors of copper in the shoots of ryegrass were increased by 31.22%-121.07%,2.12%-61.28% and 2556%-132.64%, respectively, in treatment 3(E), 2(M), and 4(ME). In conclusion, the earthworm activities, straw-mulching and their interactions may have potential roles in elevating phyto-extraction efficiency in low to medium level Cu contaminated soil.