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作 者 ：靖元孝,李晓菊,杨丹菁,陈桂珠

期 刊 ：生态学报 2007年 27卷 6期 页码：2365~2374

关键词：红树植物；人工湿地；生活污水；海桑；桐花树；木榄；

Keywords:mangrove, constructed wetland, domestic sewage, Sonneratia caseolaris, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza,

摘 要 ：研究了潜流型海桑（Sonneratia caseolaris）人工湿地、桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）人工湿地和木榄（Bruguiera gymnorrhiza）人工湿地对生活污水的净化效果。一年来，3种红树植物人工湿地对BOD₅、COD_Cr、TP、TN、NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N的平均去除率分别达到83％、71%、41％、55％、50％和84％以上。人工湿地各处理周期之间，BOD₅和COD_Cr去除率波动较小，而TP、TN、NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N去除率波动较大。3种红树植物人工湿地对各种污染物的净化效果存在一定的差异。海桑人工湿地和桐花树人工湿地对BOD₅、COD_Cr、TP、TN 和NH₄⁺-N去除率明显高于木榄人工湿地，而海桑人工湿地和桐花树人工湿地相比较，除TP外，BOD₅、COD_Cr、TN 和NH₄⁺-N去除率没有显著差异。人工湿地单一处理周期内，去除率随水力停留时间（HRT）的延长而增加。BOD₅、COD_Cr、TN和NH₄⁺-N在HRT为1d和2d的去除率分别为HRT为3d去除率的54%～65%和73%～84%，NO₂^--N在HRT为1d和2d的去除率分别达到了HRT为3d的70%～81%和85%～94%，而TP在HRT为1d和2d的去除率分别只有HRT为3d的39%～50%和65%～74%。另外，红树植物人工湿地与风车草（Cyperus alternifoliu）人工湿地相比，前者的BOD₅、COD_Cr、TP、TN和NH+4-N去除率明显小于后者（P＜0.05）。总体上看，3种红树植物人工湿地对生活污水的净化效果呈现海桑人工湿地≈桐花树人工湿地＞木榄人工湿地。

Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the purifying efficiency of domestic sewage in constructed wetlands planted with three mangrove species, Sonneratia caseolaris (Sc), Aegiceras corniculatum (Ac) and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Bg). Experiment was conducted in South China Normal University, Guangdong Province of China, from January 2005 to December 2005. One-year seedlings of mangroves obtained from Futian Nature Reserve, Shenzhen Bay were grown in small constructed wetlands (surface area: 4 m²) at a density of 30 plants per wetland. Water samples were collected three times a month and analyzed for COD_Cr, BOD₅, NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^--N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Results indicated that mangrove wetlands were capable of removing pollutants from domestic sewage. Average removal rates of BOD₅, COD_Cr, TP, TN, NH₄⁺-N and NO₂^--N were greater than 83%,71%,41%, 55%, 50% and 84% respectively. Removal rates of BOD₅ and COD_Cr were relatively steady and removal rates of all forms of nutrients fluctuated wildly over time. Purifying effects to pollutants were different among three mangrove species. Removal rates in Sc and Ac wetlands were significantly higher than those in Bg wetland. However, except TP, no significant difference in removal rates was found between Sc and Ac wetlands. Removal rate increased with hydraulic retention time (HRT). Removal rates of BOD₅,COD_Cr,TN and NH₄⁺-N in 1d and 2d of HRT accounted for 54%-65% and 73%～84% of removal rates in 3d of HRT, respectively. Removal rates of NO₂^--N in 1d and 2d of HRT accounted for 70%-81% and 85%-94% of removal rates in 3d of HRT, respectively. However, removal rates of TP in 1d and 2d of HRT only accounted for 39%-50% and 65%-74% of removal rates in 3d of HRT, respectively. Moreover, removal rates of BOD5, CODCr, TP, TN and NH₄⁺-N in the mangrove wetlands were evidently lower than those in Cyperus alternifoliu wetlands. Generally, pollutant removal rate showed a sequence of Sc wetland≈Ac wetland＞Bg wetland.

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