作 者 ：罗民波,陆健健,王云龙,沈新强,晁敏
期 刊 ：生态学报 2007年 27卷 12期 页码：5076~5085
Keywords:horizontal distribution, dominant species of phytoplankton, East China Sea,
摘 要 ：根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°N、118°30′~128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料，运用定量、定性方法, 探讨了东海浮游植物总丰度的平面分布、季节分布及变化的动力学机制，同时还探讨了东海浮游植物优势种的生态学特征和对温盐环境适应特征。结果表明：东海浮游植物总丰度有明显的季节分布，秋季总丰度达到4季最高峰，均值为211.91×104 cell•m-3，夏季次之 （50.40×104 cell•m-3），冬季11.34×104 cell•m-3，春季（2.01×104 cell•m-3）最低。春夏季东海近海（Ⅰ和Ⅲ）高于外海（Ⅱ和Ⅳ），秋冬季东海北部外海（Ⅱ）高于近海（Ⅰ），南部近海（Ⅲ）高于外海（Ⅳ）。4季共出现优势种（Y≥0.02）11种，冬季的主要优势种为洛氏角毛藻和细弱海链藻，春季的主要优势种为洛氏角毛藻和夜光藻，夏季以拟弯角毛藻和细长翼根管藻为主要优势种，秋季优势种仅为聚生角毛藻。浮游植物的聚集强度指数为较大正值，聚集作用明显。从全年的逐步回归分析结果看，温度是影响浮游植物总丰度季节分布的主要因子，盐度是次要因子。浮游植物的11个优势种之间生存环境适应比较，洛氏角毛藻和中华盒形藻生长温度幅度较大，可以在12～28℃水温增长，因而春、夏和冬季都成为优势种。中肋骨条藻适合生长的水温范围都较小，仅为22～28℃。聚生角毛藻更小，仅21～25℃。洛氏角毛藻和中华盒形藻生长温盐度和高分布区温盐度范围比聚生角毛藻和中肋骨条藻都广，而秋季数量却低于聚生角毛藻。
Abstract:This article discusses the horizontal distribution and dominant species of phytoplankton in the East China Sea. The ecological characteristics of phytoplankton and their adaptabilty to the environment were also considered. Oceanographic investigation was carried out in the East China Sea (23°30′-33°N and 118°30′-128°E) in four seasons from 1997 to 2000. It was found that the total abundance showed obvious seasonal variations. It peaked in autumn with a mean value of 211.91×104 cell•m-3, followed by summer (50.40×104 cell•m-3). The lowest abundance occurred in spring (2.01×104 cell•m-3). 4 seasons excluding winter, the mean density of phytoplanktonwas over 100×104 cell•m-3. For the horizontal distribution, abundance in summer and spring was higher in nearshore than in offshore areas of the East China Sea. In autumn and winter, abundance in the offshore of the north was higher than in the nearshore, while in the south this was reversed. The aggregation characteristics of phytoplankton were obvious from multivariate regression analysis. Over the 4 seasons, phytoplankton abundance showed a significant correlation with the water temperature. Eleven dominant species were observed in 4 investigated seasons, in which Chaetoceros lorenzianus and Thalassiosira subtilis dominated in winter, Chaetoceros lorenzianus and Noctiluca scientillans in spring, Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus and Rhizosolenia alataf. gracillima in summer and only Chaetoceros socialis in autumn. Temperature was found to be a major influencing factor whereas salinity was a minor one. Comparing their adaptability, Chaetoceros lorenzianus and Biddulphia sinensis can survive in a wider temperature range (12-28℃), which enables them to dominate in spring, summer and winter, while Skeletonema costatum survive in a relatively narrow temperature range (22-28℃) and the temperature range for Chaetoceros socialis was even more narrow (21-25℃). The indicator species in the East China Sea can be categorized into two different groups, according to their abundance and aggregation characteristics. One is marked by the occurrence of the species, and the other is marked by the presence of their high abundance area. Chaetoceros lorenzianus、Stephanopyxis palmeriana、Rhizosolenia robusta、Rhizosolenia calcar-avis contribute to the offshore warm current species.
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