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作 者 ：石海春, 粟佳美, 赵长云, 汪燕, 余学杰, 柯永培

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 4期 页码：621-628

关键词：玉米；细胞核雄性不育；突变体K305ms；配合力；杂种优势；

Keywords:maize, genic male sterility, K305ms mutant, combining ability, heterosis,

摘 要 ：为明确K305ms的应用潜力,选用雄性不育突变体K305ms群体中不育株(msms)、可育株(Msms)和野生型K305(MsMs) 3种基因型的植株,以及与10个测验种采用不完全双列杂交组配的30个组合为材料,分析比较3种基因型对玉米主要性状配合力和杂种优势的影响。结果表明,K305ms群体中不育株和可育株在所考察性状上均无显著差异。与野生型K305相比,不育株单株叶面积极显著增加,雄穗变小,穗长极显著增加,出籽率和百粒重极显著减小,单株产量等其余性状差异均不显著;不育株穗行数一般配合力表现极显著正效应,而秃尖长等4个性状一般配合力则呈极显著负效应,其可育株与不育株性状一般配合力的表现趋势基本一致,K305ms在增加杂交组合穗行数和缩短秃尖长方面具有较好的潜力。3种不同基因型组配的同型杂交组合中,多数组合单株产量特殊配合力在不同地点表现正负效应不同,说明母本育性基因型差异与产量特殊配合力高低并无必然联系;其多数组合单株产量的对照优势差异不显著,表现与地点间存在极显著的互作关系,表明实践上需要严格的多生态比较鉴定。综合分析表明,K305ms具有进一步研究和开发利用前景。本研究为突变体K305ms在玉米不育化育种和生产中的应用奠定了基础。

Abstract:In order to clear the potential value of K305ms,thirty combinations were produced by crossing ten tests with three kinds of genotypes: maize male sterile plants (msms) and fertile plants (Msms) from K305ms system and wild-type (cv. K305, MsMs) through incomplete diallel cross mode. The main characteristics of the combining ability and heterosis were investigated.The results showed that no significant differences of agronomic characteristics were found between msms and Msms. Although the values of yield characteristics of msms were similar to that of MsMs, msms exhibited remarkable increased leaf area and ear length, and remarkable decreased tassel,kernel rate and 100-seed weight, as compared to MsMs. Comparing to MsMs, msms exhibited remarkable positive effect on ear rows and remarkable negative effect on four characteristics of general combining ability (GCA) including bald tip length, suggesting that msms was an excellent parent for improving ear rows and shorting bare tip length of cross combinations. The fluctuated effects of genotypes on yield per plant of SCA in hybrid combination suggested that there was no relative correlation between genotypes of female sterility and yield of SCA. The over-standard heterosis of the yield per plant among most cross combinations was unremarkable, exhibited notable interaction effects with test sites, indicating that the multi-ecological comparisons were required to test,suggesting that K305ms system had prospects in further researches and utilization. This study could lay the foundation of maize male sterility breeding and seed production with K305ms in the future.

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