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作 者 ：白婵， 陈碧瑶， 唐婧怡， 梅沙， 汪海燕， 叶庆富

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 2期 页码：338-346

关键词：多菌灵；水凝胶包覆多菌灵；结合残留；可提态残留；植物吸收；土壤；

Keywords:carbendazim, carbendazim-loaded hydrogel, extractable residue, bound residue, plant uptake, soil,

摘 要 ：利用高吸水树脂(SAP)和农药解决干旱半干旱地区抗旱保水及虫害问题是行之有效的农业生产措施,研究并阐明SAP与农药共存下的农药环境行为规律以保障环境安全性具有重要的实际意义。本文以具有缓释特性的水凝胶包覆多菌灵(H-MBC)为研究对象,应用同位素示踪法研究¹⁴C 标记H-MBC在水中的释放特性及其与原药(¹⁴C-MBC)在土壤-油冬菜体系中的结合残留、可提态残留、矿化及挥发物总量的异同性,同时考察油冬菜对¹⁴C标记H-MBC的吸收利用规律。结果表明, H-MBC可以实现多菌灵缓慢释放,48 h 释放了总量的60%,至360 h时释放量达到了总量的96%;¹⁴C标记H-MBC及¹⁴C-MBC在土壤中可提态残留均随着时间递减,至培养34 d时分别占引入量的10.70%和6.95%;¹⁴C标记H-MBC及¹⁴C-MBC在土壤中的结合残留随着时间先增后降,其拐点分别出现在28 d和14 d,其中¹⁴C 标记H-MBC的结合残留约占引入量35.71%~52.51%,而对照¹⁴C-MBC的结合残留约为引入量的23.87%~43.26%;油冬菜对¹⁴C标记H-MBC和¹⁴C-MBC的吸收均较少,仅占引入量的0.08%~1.64%,表明2种施药方式下多菌灵均不会在植物中产生大量残留。根据质量平衡得到的¹⁴C标记H-MBC和¹⁴C-MBC降解产生的挥发性物质(可能为¹⁴C-CO₂和/或¹⁴C-甲酸)的量分别为30.17%~52.66%和32.26%~65.75%,凝胶的包覆减少了多菌灵挥发性物质的产生。本研究为干旱地区安全、科学使用SAP和农药提供了科学依据。

Abstract:The application of super absorbent polymers (SAP) to agriculture is one of the effective measures to solve the problems of drought resisting and water retention in arid-semiarid region and the use of agrochemicals is an indispensable part as well. So it is obviously important to study and clarify environmental behavior of agricultural chemicals when coexisted with SAP. In this study, explored the release profile of Carbendazim loaded by hydrogel (H-MBC) in distilled water. Bound residue and extractable residue of H-MBC and Carbendazim (MBC) in soil were investigated by ¹⁴C-isotope tracing, and the uptake of ¹⁴C labeled H-MBC and ¹⁴C-MBC by Oil spiced cabbage(Brassica chinensis L.)was also studied. The results showed as follows: ¹⁴C-Carbendaizm derived from ¹⁴C labeled H-MBC was slowly released in water, and the release longevity could be prolonged to more than 360 h. The extractable residue (ER) for both ¹⁴C labeled H-MBC and ¹⁴C-MBC decreased with time, reaching 10.70% and 6.95% of applied amount respectively after 34 days of incubation. The bound residue (BR) of ¹⁴C labeled H-MBC and ¹⁴C-MBC in soil increased first then decreased after a certain time, and the inflection point occurred after 28 days and 14 days respectively. Around 35.71% ~52.51% of applied H-MBC and 23.87% ~ 43.26% of MBC formed BR. The uptake of both ¹⁴C labeled H-MBC and ¹⁴C-MBC by Oil spiced cabbage was limited, and about 0.08%~1.64% of the applied amount, indicating that neither H-MBC nor MBC would lead to high residue in plant. The disappeared proportions (¹⁴C labeled carbon dioxide and/or ¹⁴C-labeled methanoic acid) constitute 30.17%~52.66% of applied ¹⁴C-labeled H-MBC, 32.26%~65.75% of ¹⁴C-MBC, demonstrating that the encapsulation of hydrogel decreased the volatilization and mineralization of carbendazim derived from H-MBC. The results were helpful to understand the environmental behavior and fate of H-MBC in soil-plant system and paved a way for safely-rational use of SAP and agrochemicals, as well as their environment-friendly and development tendency.

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