Abstract:(1) Because of early industrialization, Western Europe has a large legacy of wasteland produced by mining and industry.Most of this is close to centres of population, and constitutes a serious environmental threat to ordinary people.(2) Reduction of the problem has required firstly,legislation to prevent further wasteland being produced, and secondly, expenditure of money by . governments to treat the existing wasteland.(3) This in turn has required the development of economic and effective techniques of re...