全 文 ：The genus Calanthe R. Br. distributed in tropical,
subtropical and temperate regions from Africa to Asia
and the Pacific Islands, a few species also distributed
in tropical America. Calanthe R. Br. comprises about
150 species, of which 51 species distributed in China,
including 21 endemic species[1]. The south China is
the main distribution area of China, and 20 species
have been discovered in Guangxi[2].
During our fieldwork in the southwest of Guangxi,
China, a particular species of Calanthe was found
flowering in karst forest at an elevation of 300 m in
Longgang National Nature Reserve. The flowers of
this species have overlapping, white petals, but the
base of lip is purplish violet, this two characteristics
are obviously differ from most of other species. After
consulting national floras and other relevant literature[3–10],
热带亚热带植物学报　2015， 23(3)： 289 ~ 294
Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany
Received: 2014–04–29　　　　Accepted: 2015–01–04
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41161011); the National Science and Technology Support Plan
(2008BAC39B02-07); Fundamental Research Fund of Guangxi Institute of Botany (GZY13014); the Traditional Chinese Medicine Project ([2011]76),
and Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Research Special Project (201207002).
HUANG Yu-song (Born in 1983), Male, Master, Research interests: Plant resources of geography. E-mail: huang-yusong@163.com
* Corresponding author. E-mail: gxibly@163.com
中国广西虾脊兰属一新种——弄岗虾脊兰
黄俞淞1, 曾维波2, 郭婧1,3, 黄歆怡1,3, 刘演1*
(1. 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所， 广西 桂林 541006； 2. 广西弄岗国家级自然保护区管理局， 广西 龙州 532400； 3. 广西师范大
学生命科学学院 , 广西 桂林 541004)
摘要： 报道了分布于我国广西西南部的兰科(Orchidaceae)虾脊兰属(Calanthe R. Br.)一新种——弄岗虾脊兰(C. longgangensis Y.
S. Huang & Yan Liu)。该新种与泽泻虾脊兰(C. alismifolia Lindl.)相似，但根状茎明显，侧面萼片向上反卷，花瓣重叠，唇瓣侧裂
片倒披针形、顶端斜截形，中裂片顶端微 2 裂、基部具数列白色的胼胝体，花粉块棒状而与后者相区别。
关键词： 兰科； 弄岗虾脊兰； 新种； 石灰岩植物区系； 中国
doi: 10.11926/j.issn.1005–3395.2015.03.009
Calanthe longgangensis, A New Species of Calanthe (Orchidaceae) from
Guangxi, China
HUANG Yu-song1, ZENG Wei-bo2, GUO Jing1,3, HUANG Xin-yi1,3, LIU Yan1*
(1. Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; 2. Longgang National Natural Reserve Administration of
Guangxi, Longzhou 532400, China; 3. College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China)
Abstract: Calanthe longgangensis Y. S. Huang & Yan Liu, a new species from southwestern Guangxi, China is
described and illustrated. Based on morphological characters, it is similar to C. alismifolia Lindl., but differs in
its rhizome conspicuous, lateral sepals upward reflexed, petals overlapping, lateral lobes of lip oblanceolate, apex
obliquely truncate, mid-lob apex shallowly 2-lobed, disk with multiseriate white, wartlike calli at base, pollinia
clavate.
Key words: Orchidaceae; Calanthe longgangensis; New species; Limestone flora; China
290 第23卷热带亚热带植物学报
as well as numerous hebarium specimens, we found
this particular species differed from all known ones.
So we made the conclusion that this population is an
undescribed species, and the valid name Calanthe
longgangensis Y. S. Huang & Yan Liu was used, which
is described below.
Calanthe longgangensis Y. S. Huang & Yan
Liu sp. nov.　　Fig. 1, Fig. 2: C, D
Type: China, Guangxi, Chongzuo City, Longzhou
County, Longgang National Nature Reserve, in karst
forest, rare, alt. 300 m a. s. l., 29 Jul. 2012, Yan Liu et
Yu-song Huang Y2158 (holotype: IBK, isotype: PE,
Fig. 1 Calanthe longgangensis Y. S. Huang & Yan Liu. A: Habit; B: Flower (front view); C: Flower (seen from below); D–E: Flower (lateral view); F:
Flower (longitudinal section); G: Column (longitudinal section); H: Column and wartlike calli of disk; I: Bract; J: Sepal; K: Petal; L: Anther cap (ventral
view); M: Anther cap (seen from above); N: Pollinia. [Drawn by Y. X. ZHU (PE)]
第3期 291
IBK).
Plants 35–45 cm tall. Rhizome conspicuous.
Pseudobulbs cylindric, 2–4 cm long, 3–5 mm in diam.
Leaves 2–3, well developed and spreading at anthesis,
evergreen, blade elliptic or oblong, 10–25 cm long,
4–9 cm wide, apex acuminate, margin entire, abaxially
densely pubescent, petiole-like base 9–15 cm. Scapes
1 or 2, arising from leaf axils, erect, 18–40 cm long,
densely pubescent, with 2 tubular sheaths. Rachis 3–
7 cm long, with 10–15 flowers. Floral bracts persistent,
green, ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide,
apex acute, recurved, abaxially densely pubescent.
Pedicel and ovary ca. 2 cm long, densely pubescent.
Sepals similar, elliptic, white or light green, lateral
sepals upward reflexed, ca. 8 mm long, ca. 6 mm wide,
apex acute, 3-veined, abaxially densely pubescent,
adaxially glabrous. Petals white, subrhombic, overlapping,
ca. 6 mm long and wide, base clawed, glabrous.
Lip adnate to entire length of column wings, deeply
3-lobed, lateral lobes oblanceolate, apex obliquely
truncate, ca. 1 cm long, ca. 3 mm wide, mid-lobe
flabellate, white, base of lip purplish violet, ca. 1.7 cm
long, ca. 1.2 cm wide, apex shallowly 2-lobed, apex
margin incised, disk with multiseriate white, wartlike
calli at base. Spur straight, cylindric, ca. 8 mm long,
glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Column ca. 5 mm,
Fig. 2 Calanthe alismifolia Lindl. (A, B) and C. longgangensis Y. S. Huang & Yan Liu (C, D). A,C: Habit; B,D: Flowers.
黄俞淞等：中国广西虾脊兰属一新种——弄岗虾脊兰
292 第23卷热带亚热带植物学报
glabrous, rostellum 2-lobed. Anther cap white, beaked.
Pollinia clavate, ca. 1.5 mm long.
Habitat, distribution and phenology: Calanthe
longgangensis grows in the valley of karst forest, near
the stream, at an elevation about 300 m, the associated
species contain Ficus hispida, Saurauia tristyla,
Polygonum chinense, Trevesia palmate, Gynostemma
pentaphyllum, Chasallia curviflora, Peliosanthes
macrostegia and so on. At present, C. longgangensis
is only found in Longgang National Nature Reserve
of southwestern Guangxi Province, China, flowering
occurs from July to October. C. alismifolia usually
grows in evergreen broad-leaved forests, at an elevation
700–2100 m, sometimes it also grows in hillside of
limestone areas of low altitude, distributing in Guangxi,
Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang,
SE and W Yunnan, Zhejiang and so on. Besides, it also
distributes in Bhutan, NE India, Japan and Vietnam.
Flowering occurs from June to July.
Conservation status: Calanthe longgangensis
is only known from the type locality, and the total
number of plants is less than 200. We therefore consider
C. longgangensis to be endangered (EN) according to
the IUCN categories and criteria[11].
Similar species: Calanthe longgangensis Y. S.
Huang & Yan Liu is similar to C. alismifolia Lindl.
(Fig. 2: A, B), but differs in its rhizome, lateral sepals,
petals, lip and pollinia. A morphological comparison
of both species is shown in Table 1.
Additional specimens examined (paratypes):
China. Guangxi, Chongzuo City, Longzhou County,
Longgang National Nature Reserve, grows in karst
forest, 270 m, 13 Jul. 2010, Wei-Bin Xu and Wang-
Hui Wu 10573 (IBK).
Notes: Calanthe alismifolia is a widespread species,
the type specimen collected in sikkim, with the prominent
characteristics of spreading lateral sepals, separate
petals and yellow calli on the disk. But the species
showed in Fig. 29 (b, c) of L. V. Averyanov’s research
paper[12] and in the books: Genera Orchidacearum,
Volume 4: Epidendroideae (Part 1)[13] and The Genus
Calanthe[14] are very similar to C. longgangensis,
which were considered as C. alismifolia. Maybe they
are the same species with C. longgangensis, thus L.
V. Averyanov and all the authors of the books may
believe that the characteristics of upward reflexed
lateral sepals, overlapping petals and white calli
on the disk are within the range of variation of C.
alismifolia. But according to our field observation
up to 4 years about the species of C. longgangensis,
it has stabilized characteristics of upward reflexed
lateral sepals, overlapping petals and white calli on
the disk, etc.
Besides, we sampled an individual from the
presently known population of the new species in
the field. The experimental procedures and primary
sequence treatment were referred to those outlined
in previous studies[15] including DNA extraction,
conditions for PCR and sequencing. The primers
used for amplification and sequencing included: ITS4
(5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) and ITS5
(5′-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG-3′) for
the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)[16]. Finally, the
aligned matrix included 29 accessions of 29 species.
Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum
parsimony (MP)[17] and maximum likelihood (ML).
Table 1 Morphological comparison of Calanthe longgangensis and C. alismifolia
Characters Calanthe longgangensis C. alismifolia
Rhizome Conspicuous Inconspicuous
Lateral sepals Upward reflexed Spread, not reflexed
Petals Overlapping Non-overlapping
Lip Lateral lobes oblanceolate, apex obliquely truncate, mid-lob
apex shallowly 2-lobed, disk with multiseriate white, wartlike
calli
Lateral lobes linear or narrowly oblong, apex rounded, mid-lobe
apex divided by a deep sinus into 2 lobules, disk with several
yellow, wartlike calli
Pollinia Clavate, ca. 1.5 mm long Ovoid, ca. 2 mm long
第3期 293
The parsimony analyses were conducted under the
option of heuristic search with 100 random stepwise
additions and tree-bisection-reconnection (TBR)
branch swapping with PAUP* version 4.0b10[18]
with all most-parsimonious trees saved at each
replicate (MulTree on). Support for each branch was
assessed using bootstrap analysis with 100 bootstrap
replicates, each with 10 stepwise additions. All other
parameters were settled as default. Homoplasy levels
were assessed by consistency index (CI), retention
index (RI) and rescaled consistency index (RC).
Although SYM+G nucleotide substitution model was
selected by the program Modeltest using the Akaike
information criterion (AIC), it is not implemented in
RAxML. Thus, for the ML analysis, we constructed
the phylogeny using alternative GTR+Γ as alternative
and performed 500 replicates for the bootstrap analysis
in RAxML 7.0.3[19].
The final aligned matrix had 633 bps in length
with 114 informative sites as well as 44 additional
variable but uninformative sites. Both MP and ML
analyses yielded concordant majority-rule consensus
trees with the ML consensus tree better resolved (Fig.
3). In the MP majority-rule consensus tree (CI=0.83,
RI=0.92 and RC=0.76) and the maximum likelihood
tree, the new species C. longgangensis is obviously
not the closest relative to C. alismifolia, the most
morphologically similar species, but is sister to the
clade including C. alismifolia and the other seven
species with strong support value (BSML=91%,
BSMP=91%).
We have observed that the assumed new species
is strikingly different from the C. alismifolia for
its special floral structure and traits, for example,
Fig. 3 A maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of Calanthe longgangensis and associated species based on the nuclear ribosomal ITS
sequence. The bootstrap values of ML and MP analyses more than 50% are indicated above and below branches, respectively. The new species
is highlighted in bold.
黄俞淞等：中国广西虾脊兰属一新种——弄岗虾脊兰
294 第23卷热带亚热带植物学报
rhizome conspicuous, lateral sepals upward reflexed,
petals overlapping, lateral lobes of lip oblanceolate
and so on, suggesting that they could be separated
from each other. This is strongly supported by our
further molecular analysis. So the new species is
distinguished from other closely-related species,
including the most morphologically similar C. alismifolia,
and thus should be an independent new species.
Acknowledgements　　We thank Mr. Yun-xi ZHU (PE) for
preparing the illustration, the leaders and staff of Longgang
National Nature Reserve for help and support. We also thank
Dr. Qiang ZHANG for his comments on the manuscript, and
Prof. Hong JIANG for providing relevant references.
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