全 文 ：Synotis (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen
(Asteraceae-Senecioneae) is a genus of about 56
species endemic to the Sino-Himalayan region except
for S. atractylidifolia (Y. Ling) C. Jeffrey & Y. L.
Chen, which occurs in northern China[1–6]. For China
45 species have been recorded in the genus[1,5–6].
During a botanical expedition in Xizang (Tibet),
China, in 2013, we collected two species of Synotis
previously not recorded to occur in China, S. rufinervis
(DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen and S. kunthiana (Wall.
ex DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen. Here we provide
descriptions and illustrations of the two species, and
report two important floral micromorphological charac-
ters, anther-collar configuration and anther endothecial
tissue cell wall thickenings, for the two species.
1 Materials and methods
For observation of the anther-collar and anther
endothecial cell wall thickenings of Synotis rufinervis
(voucher: M. Tang & C. Ren 530, IBSC) and S.
kunthiana (voucher: M. Tang & C. Ren 485, IBSC),
heads were boiled in distilled water for 3 min, and
then fixed in Carnoy’s solution (glacial acetic acid:
Received： 2013–10–31　　　　Accepted： 2013–11–27
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170186, 31370232), and the Main Direction Program of Knowledge
Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-Z-1).
* Corresponding author. E-mail: qeyang@scib.ac.cn
热带亚热带植物学报　2014， 22(3)： 215 ~ 220
Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany
中国合耳菊属(菊科-千里光族)两新记录种
唐明1,2, 杨亲二1*
(1. 中国科学院华南植物园，中国科学院植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室，广州 510650；2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049)
摘要： 首次报道了红脉合耳菊[Synotis rufinervis (DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen]和须弥合耳菊[S. kunthiana (Wall. ex DC.) C.
Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen](菊科-千里光族)在中国的分布记录。两种植物都在中国西藏南部有分布。提供了它们的详细形态描述、
形态特征图及其在中国的地理分布，同时报道了两种植物的花药领构型和花药内壁细胞增厚方式。
关键词： 菊科； 新记录； 合耳菊属； 分类学
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005–3395.2014.03.001
Two Newly Recorded Species of Synotis (Asteraceae-Senecioneae) in China
TANG Ming1,2, YANG Qin-er1*
(1. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Guangzhou 510650, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Abstract: Two species of the genus Synotis (Asteraceae-Senecioneae), S. rufinervis (DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen
and S. kunthiana (Wall. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, are reported from China for the first time. In China,
both species are currently known only from southern Xizang (Tibet). We provide descriptions, illustrations and
distributional map in China for the two species. Two important floral micromorphological characters, anther-collar
configuration and anther endothecial tissue cell wall thickenings, are also given for the two species.
Key words: Asteraceae; New record; Synotis; Taxonomy
216 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
absolute ethanol = 1∶3). Mature disc florets removed
from the fixed heads were dehydrated in 70% ethanol
for 30 min, then placed in 99% ethanol for 1 h before
they were treated with 5% NaOH overnight. The
anther tissue was isolated from the florets on the
slide, flooded with 50% glycerol and a cover slip was
applied. Samples were then examined at 100 × (anther-
collar) and 400 × (endothecial cell wall thickenings)
magnification by light microscopy and photographed.
2 Taxonomic treatment
2.1 Synotis rufinervis (DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen,
Kew Bull. 39: 288. 1984. —— Senecio rufinervis DC.,
Prodr. 6: 369.1838. —— Type: Northwestern India,
Blinkworth (syntype, G–DC; isosyntype, K– W 3115!;
isosyntype, P!); Gerard (syntype, G– DC; isosyntype,
K– W 3115!). Fig. 1: A, Fig. 2
Perennial rhizomatous shrubby herb. Stem erect,
up to 150 cm tall, glabrescent when old, simple, leafless
in lower part at flowering time. Leaves petiolate,
broadly oblong-elliptic, 10 – 13 cm long, 6 – 10 cm
broad, acuminate, finely to coarsely mucronulate-
serrate, attenuate at the base, papyraceous, sparsely to
densely pubescent-setulose above, pubescent on the
veins, densely whitish arachnoid-tomentose beneath,
reddish-villose on the veins, pinnately veined, lateral
veins 6– 9, arcuate-ascending; petioles 2– 3 cm long,
often auriculate at the base, upper leaves smaller.
Capitula radiate, usually 20– 30 in dense rounded
axillary and terminal glomeruliform corymbs;
peduncles short, ca. 5 mm long, densely whitish
arachnoid-tomentose, bearing a few linear or linear-
subulate bracts. Involucres narrowly campanulate,
3.5–4.5 mm long, 1.5– 2 mm broad, calyculate; bracts
of calyculus ca. 5, linear-lanceolate, 2–3 mm long,
Fig. 1 Specimens of two species of Synotis. A: S. rufinervis, Gyirong, Xizang, China, M. Tang & C. Ren 530 (IBSC); B: S. kunthiana, Nyalam, Xizang,
China, M. Tang & C. Ren 485 (IBSC).
第3期 217
Fig. 2 Synotis rufinervis. A: Habitat; B: Habit; C: Leaf, adaxial side; D: Leaf, abaxial side; E: Detail of auricle; F: Capitula; G: Involucral bracts; H:
Ray-florets; I: Disc-florets; J: Style-arm. All from M. Tang & C. Ren 530 (IBSC).
acuminate; phyllaries 5, rarely 6, linear-lanceolate,
1–2 mm broad, obtuse to acute, herbaceous with
scarious margins, densely white arachnoid-tomentose.
Ray-florets 2 or 3; corolla-tube about 1 mm long; rays
yellow, 2 or 3, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad, 2– 3-
denticulate, 3 or 4-veined; disc-florets 3 or 4; corolla
yellow, ca. 6 mm long, with ca. 2 mm long tube and
infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-oblong, 3–3.5 mm
long, acute. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm long; anther-tails
slightly exceeding the anther-collars; appendages
ovate-oblong; anther-collars slightly dilated at the
base. Style-arms ca. 1 mm long, fringed with short
papillae, apical tuft not evident. Achenes cylindrical,
ca. 1 mm long, glabrous. Pappus ca. 5 mm long, white.
Floral micromorphology: The anther-collar is
balusterform, being basally dilated and consisting of
larger cells (Fig. 3: A). The anther endothecial cell
wall thickenings are distributed along all the inner
唐明等：中国合耳菊属(菊科-千里光族)两新记录种
218 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
walls, and thus are radial (Fig. 3: C). The findings
agree with reports for other species of Synotis[1,5–6].
Phenology: Flowering September to November;
fruiting December.
Distribution: China (southern Xizang) (Fig. 4),
northwestern India, Nepal.
Habitat: Margins of open mixed forests, grassy
slope or bushes at 2700–3100 m above sea level.
Additional specimens examined. China. Xizang:
Gyirong, M. Tang & C. Ren 530 (IBSC), Y. S. Chen
et al. 605 (PE), Z. C. Ni et al. 2397 (PE).
Notes: Synotis rufinervis is similar to S. yakoensis
(J. F. Jeffrey) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen in habit and in
leaf texture, indumentum and venation, but differs by
the broader leaf blade (6– 10 cm vs. 4– 5 cm), smaller
involucres (1.5– 2 mm vs. 2.5– 3.5 mm) and fewer disc-
florets (3 or 4 vs. 8–12).
Fig. 3 Anther-collar (A, B) and anther endothecial cell wall thickenings (C, D) of Synotis rufinervis (A, C) and S. kunthiana (B, D). A and C from M.
Tang & C. Ren 530 (IBSC) from Gyirong, Xizang, China; B and D from M. Tang & C. Ren 485 (IBSC) from Nyalam, Xizang, China.
Jeffrey and Chen[1], and Chen[2] divided Synotis
into two well-marked sections, sect. Synotis and sect.
Atractylidifoliae C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen; all but one
of the species (S. atractylidifolia) fall within the former,
which itself is divisible into five not very clearly differ-
entiated series. Synotis rufinervis, with its stems erect,
leafy, inflorescences corymbose, style-arms fringed
with short papillae, and capitula heterogamous, can
be readily referred to ser. Erectae (C. B. Clarke) C.
Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen.
2.2 Synotis kunthiana (Wall. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey &
Y. L. Chen, Kew Bull. 39: 288. 1984. —— Senecio
kunthianus Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 6: 369. 1838. Type:
Northwestern India, Blinkworth (syntype, BM, G– DC;
isosyntype, K– W 3118!); Gerard (syntype, G– DC;
isosyntype, K– W 3118!) Fig. 1: B, Fig. 5
第3期 219
Fig. 5 Synotis kunthiana. A: Habitat and habit; B: Leaf, adaxial side; C: Leaf, abaxial side; D: Capitulum, lateral view; E: Capitulum, top view; F:
Involucral bract; G: Ray-floret; H: Disc-floret; I: Style-arm. All from M. Tang & C. Ren 485 (IBSC).
Fig. 4 Distribution in China of Synotis rufinervis ( ▲ ) and S. kunthiana( ● )
唐明等：中国合耳菊属(菊科-千里光族)两新记录种
220 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
Perennial rhizomatous herb. Stem solitary, erect,
up to 50 cm tall, glabrous, leafless in lower part at
flowering time, shortly branching in the inflorescence.
Leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic, 6–10 cm long, 2.5–
3.5 cm broad, acuminate, coarsely mucronulate-serrate,
attenuate at the base, exauriculate, papyraceous, subgla-
brous above, densely whitish arachnoid-tomentose
beneath, pinnately veined, lateral veins 4, rarely 5,
ascending; petioles 1– 1.5 cm long; upper leaves smaller.
Capitula radiate, usually 4–25 in terminal compound
corymbs on the inflorescence-branches; peduncles
2.5– 3.5 cm long, bearing a linear bract or bracteole.
Involucres campanulate, 8– 10 mm long, 4– 6 mm
broad, calyculate; bracts of calyculus ca. 10, linear-
lanceolate, 6– 8 mm long, acuminate; phyllaries 8–13,
linear-lanceolate, 1– 2 mm broad, obtuse to acute,
herbaceous with scarious margins. Ray-florets 6–8;
corolla-tube 3– 4 mm long; rays yellow, 4– 5 mm
long, 1.5– 2 mm broad, 2– 3-denticulate, 3– 4-veined;
disc-florets 15– 24; corolla yellow, 7– 10 mm long,
with 3– 4 mm long tube and infundibuliform limb;
lobes ovate-oblong, 3– 4 mm long, acute. Anthers 3–
3.5 mm long; anther-tails ca. 1.5 times the length of
the anther-collars; appendages ovate-oblong; anther-
collars slightly dilated at the base. Style-arms ca.
1 mm long, fringed with short papillae, the apical
tuft evident and longer than the laterals. Achenes
cylindrical, 2– 3 mm long, glabrous. Pappus ca. 7 mm
long, white.
Floral micromorphology: The anther-collar is
balusterform, being basally dilated and consisting of
larger cells (Fig. 3: B). The anther endothecial cell
wall thickenings are distributed along all the inner
walls, and thus are radial (Fig. 3: D). The findings
agree with reports for other species of Synotis[1,5–6].
Phenology: Flowering July to September; fruiting
October.
Distribution: China (southern Xizang) (Fig. 4),
northwestern India, Nepal, Pakistan.
Habitat: Growing at the mountain slope along
the roadside.
Additional specimens examined: China. Xizang:
Nyalam, M. Tang & C. Ren 485 (IBSC).
Notes: Synotis kunthiana, with its stems leafy,
inflorescences corymbose, more or less flat-topped,
and style-arms fringed with short papillae, can be
readily referred to ser. Fulvipapposae C. Jeffrey & Y.
L. Chen. Within the series it is distinguished by the
leaves oblong-elliptic and abaxially densely whitish
arachnoid-tomentose and by the larger, radiate capitula.
It should be noted that the plants of Synotis
kunthiana we discovered in Xizang are different from
those from India, Nepal and Pakistan in the number of
phyllaries (8–13 vs. 5–8) and of disc-florets (15–24
vs. 6–10), although they perfectly match with each
other in other characters.
Acknowledgements　　We thank Dr. Chen REN, Mr. Yu
HONG and Ms. Yu ZHANG for their help with the field work.
References
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