摘 要 ：采用系统发育的祖先性状重构软件RASP（Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies），首次使用扩散隔离分析的统计学方法（Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis，S-DIVA）和Binary Bayesian MCMC（BBM）方法，选择粗糙西风芹（Seseli squarrulosum）和竹叶西风芹（S.mairei）为外类群，对来自中国的26个柴胡属植物的核糖体内转录间隔区（Internal Transcribed Spacer，ITS）和叶绿体rps16序列进行分子系统分析。结果表明，ITS和rps16序列集所构建的重要节点中，祖先分布区概率占绝对优势的是中国南方地区，推测中国南方是中国柴胡属的起源中心，且时间—事件（Time Event，TE）曲线结果表明距今20和2.5百万年（20和2.5 Ma Bp）出现扩散峰值，在15 Ma Bp出现谷值，推测其20 Ma Bp（庐山亚冰期），南方和北方种类交流隔离，中国北方分布类型为主体的类群，以散点式的分布，南方分布类型为主体的类群，形成次生分化中心，并按照一定的路径向外扩散，形成对外扩散的高峰期；15 Ma Bp时，以南方为冰期的避难所，出现扩散的低谷期；2.5 Ma Bp（大理亚冰期）左右，因为青藏高原的隆起，中国柴胡属种类再一次发生物种多样化和形成向外扩散的高峰期。
Abstract:Molecular phylogenetic analyses of 26 Chinese species of Bupleurum were firstly conducted using nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cpDNA rps16 based on the RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies) software, including the Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA) and Binary Bayesian MCMC methods (BBM). Seseli squarrulosum and S.mairei were used as out-groups. Our findings indicate that the proportion of ancestor distributions are most probably from the South China based on ITS and rps16 sequences in special spots, and Southern China is mostly likely the Chinese origin for Bupleurum. The likelihood of dispersal is highest at 20 and 2.5 megayear before present (Ma Bp), and lowest at 15 Ma Bp in the Time-Event curve. Our study further suggests that the scatter distributions are in North China, and species in northern China were separated from the southern conspecific during the 20 Ma Bp (Lu-shan glacial substage). Species from southern China dispersed outwards via various routes. The genus Bupleurum had a low rate of dispersal at 15 Ma Bp when the southern regions provided refuge for species during the cooling period. Both southern and northern species diversified and dispersed again at 2.5 Ma Bp (Dali glacial substage) due to the uplift of Qing-Zang Plateau.