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作 者 ：王延秀；陈佰鸿*；王淑华；胡紫璟；党兆霞；魏晓燕

期 刊 ：植物研究 2014年 34卷 6期 页码：751-757

关键词：观赏海棠；扫描电镜；花粉形态；纹饰；

Keywords:crabapple, scanning electron-microscope(SEM), pollen morphology, ornamentation strips,

摘 要 ：利用扫描电镜观察11个观赏海棠品种的花粉形态特征，根据花粉形状、纹饰、孔频等性状用类平均法(UPGMA)对不同海棠品种进行聚类分析,研究其亲缘关系及类群。结果表明，11个观赏海棠品种的花粉粒侧面观均为长椭圆形，极面观为三角形或近圆形，属于N3P4C5型花粉；花粉外壁均具条嵴。不同品种花粉粒形状、条嵴、纹饰、穿孔形态差异显著。聚类分析表明，在相似距离3.30水平上，将11个品种聚为3个类群，‘红双’、‘红纱’、‘红波’3个品种花粉条纹束分枝长、条脊较疏而整齐聚为第一类群；‘红粉’、‘红亮’、‘雪莱’、‘雪球’、‘红艳’、‘雪倩’6个品种条脊疏、整体呈极轴平行，分叉少，穿孔密度中等聚为第二类，‘道格’、‘雪开’因条脊无规则排列、花粉粒小、穿孔直径较小聚为第三类，且处于进化的最先端。

Abstract:We observed pollen morphology of 11 Malus species ornamental crabapple cultivars by scanning electron microscope, and studied the relationships and groups by average (UPGMA) cluster analysis method according to the pollen shapes, ornamentation strips and hole-frequency. All of the 11 varieties’ pollen shapes in side view were oblongoval, and in polar view triangular or nearly round, which belonged to the N3P4C5 type pollen. The exine surface was covered with strips. There were significant variations among varieties in pollen shape, strips shape, decoration, and pore patterns. By UPGMA cluster analysis, 11 cultivars could be classified into three groups at similarity distance 3.30 level. ‘Hongshuang’, ‘Hongsha’ and ‘Hongbo’ could fall into the first group as the three varieties with long pollen stripe bundle’s branch, and sparse and regular ridge. ‘Hongfen’, ‘Hongliang’, ‘Xuelai’, ‘Xueqiu’, ‘Hongyan’ and ‘Xueqian’ could fall into the second category with sparse ridges, parallel to overall pollen, little sub-fork, and medium pore frequency. ‘Dorge’ and ‘Xuekai’ were in the third group with irregular ridges, smallest pollen grains and smaller pore diameter, and they were located in the top of evolution.

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