摘 要 ：鸢尾是世界著名观赏花卉，为研究其花芽分化期的形态和生理指标变化情况，我们以德国鸢尾两季花品种‘常春黄’（Iris germanica cv. Lovely Again）为材料，运用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了德国鸢尾‘常春黄’的花芽分化过程。结果表明：整个形态分化过程可分为6个阶段：花序原基分化期、外轮花被分化期、雄蕊分化期、内轮花被分化期、雌蕊分化期、髯毛形成期。结合上述形态分化过程，分别取其二次花花芽分化时期的顶芽、根茎和叶片部位，以蒽酮比色法测定可溶性糖，以考马斯亮蓝G-250法测定蛋白质含量。结果表明：可溶性糖在花序原基分化的初始阶段含量最高，且在3个部位的含量大小关系始终是：根茎﹥叶片﹥顶芽；蛋白质含量呈先上升后下降的趋势，蛋白质含量的峰值出现于花序伸展初期。
Abstract:Iris is one of the most famous ornamental in the world, to learn the mechanism of flower bud differentiation in Iris, we chose the Iris germanica cv. Lovely Again as material, the process of flower bud differentiation was observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were as follows: The process of flower bud differentiation can be divided into six stages from the beginning of flower bud differentiation, i.e., inflorescence initiation, outer perianth initiation, stamen initiation, inner perianth initiation, pistil initiation, and beard hairs initiation. Total soluble sugars content was measured by Anthrone Reagent, amounts of protein was mensurated by Commassie Blue G-250, the samples were taken from the three different parts of plant body during the second floral bud differentiation period, apical bud, rhizome and leaf, respectively. The results were as follows: (ⅰ) Total soluble sugars content was highest in the early flower bud differentiation stage, and the relationship of soluble sugars content among the three different parts was: highest in rhizome, followed by the leaf and apical bud; (ⅱ) The amounts of soluble proteins increased during the early initiation stage and then decreased, the maximum of protein content occurred at the early stage of inflorescence initiation.