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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2008年

关键词：内生真菌；芦苇内生真菌；重寄生；侵染过程；生物防治；

Keywords:endophytic fungi, Choiromyces aboriginum, mycoparasitism, infection process, biocontrol,

摘 要 ：Choiromyces aboriginum Mü1w1c6是一株分离自芦苇的拮抗内生真菌。通过离体平板对峙培养检测和光学、电子显微镜观察,以及测定在活体植物上的拮抗活性,研究芦苇内生真菌Choiromyces aboriginum Mü1w1c6与病原菌及其寄主植物黄瓜之间的相互作用。对峙培养显示出较强的营养和空间竞争能力,对病原菌菌丝生长抑制率多高于60％,对立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani的抑制率达到100%。显微观察证明它与多种病原菌有缠绕等重寄生现象。在互作研究中,C.aboriginum Mü1w1c6可成功定殖于黄瓜苗的根部,预先接种能有效抑制瓜果腐霉Pythium aphanidermatum在黄瓜根部组织细胞内的扩展和定殖,对P.aphanidermatum引起的黄瓜苗期猝倒病有良好的防效,接种一次内生菌防治效果为44.29%,接种两次生防效果高达88.49%。结果表明,C.aboriginum Mü1w1c6对多种植物病原真菌具有广谱的拮抗活性,对黄瓜苗期猝倒病具有较好的生防潜力。

Abstract:Choiromyces aboriginum Mü1w1c6 is an endophytic fungus isolated from reed with antifungal activities. The interactions between C.aboriginum Mü1w1c6 and the phytopathogenic fungi or host plant cucumber have been investigated by dual culture experiment on PDA plates and observed by light and electron microscopy, as well as antagonistic activity assessed in plant tests. Dual culture experiment indicated high competition of space and nutrition. Inhibition of mycelial growth is more than 60%, and being the most aggressive for Rhizoctonia solani, exerting a total inhibition 100%. Microscopic observation showed C.aboriginum Mü1w1c6 is able to parasitize many phytopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, C.aboriginum Mü1w1c6 can successfully colonize in the root of cucumber seedlings. Pre-inoculation of C.aboriginum Mü1w1c6 can significantly hinder the infection and colonization of the phytopathogenic Pythium aphanidermatum in the root of cucumber seedlings. At the same time, it is capable to protect cucumber seedlings from damping-off caused by P.aphanidermatum under greenhouse conditions, with biocontrol efficacy of 44.29% for inoculating once and 88.49% for twice. The strain C.aboriginum Mü1w1c6 shows a wide rang antifungal activity against a lot of phytopathogenic fungi, and it has potential for bio- control on Pythium damping-off of cucumber.

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