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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2008年

关键词：稻曲病；稻曲病菌；无性孢子；生物学特性；

Keywords:rice false smut, Ustilaginoidea virens, asexual spore, biological characteristics,

摘 要 ：采用不同的培养基研究稻曲病菌孢子萌发及病菌生长特性。结果表明,稻曲病菌厚垣孢子和分生孢子在蒸馏水和2%蔗糖溶液中3h不能萌发;6h时分生孢子、厚垣孢子分别萌发产生次生分生孢子和分生孢子;新采集的黄色和黑色稻曲球上的厚垣孢子在2%蔗糖溶液中的萌发率均高于其在蒸馏水中的萌发率。供试的9种固体培养基中,以马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基(PSA)最适于病原菌生长,生长速率为2.54mm/天;病菌在7种培养液中振荡培养7天后,在马铃薯葡萄糖培养液(PDB)中菌丝干重最大,达24.5mg/mL,在大米汁和马铃薯蔗糖培养液(PSB)中产生的分生孢子量最多,孢子浓度分别为2.63×10⁷和2.28×10⁷ 个/mL;而固、液态的Czapek、稻秆汁和胁本哲氏培养基均不适宜于稻曲病菌的培养。

Abstract:In order to elucidate the characteristics of asexual spore germination and screen suitable media for pathogen’s growth and sporulation, the germination and growth characteristics were studied in different culture media. The results showed that the chlamydospores of the pathogen and conidia was not germinated after 3h in distilled water or 2% sucrose solution, and primary conidia and chlamydospores could germinate and produce secondary conidia and conidia by 6h, respectively. Chlamydospores with yellow or black galls have higher germination rate in 2% sucrose solution than that in distilled water. Among the solid culture media tested, PSA (potato sucrose agar) supported fastest mycelial growth at 2.54mm/d. In liquid culture, dry weight of mycelia was highest in PDB (potato dextrose broth) at 24.5mg/mL. The number of conidia was the largest in the rice extract medium and PSB medium with 2.63×10⁷ sporesmL^-1 and 2.28×10⁷ sporesmL^-1 , respectively. However, both solid and liquid media with Czapek, rice stalk extract and wakimoto toceshi were not suitable for mycelial growth.

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