Abstract:Investigations were undertaken to determine the identity and importance of plant parasitic nematodes in Trichosanthes kirilowii in Qianshan County, Anhui Province. Nematodes were extracted from soil around the root system to a depth of 450 mm using a Baermann funnel and roots were examined for sedentary nematodes. Of the nematodes extracted, 50.7% were stylet-bearing nematodes. The predominant plant parasitic nematode species was Meloidogyne incognita. The species was identified by the morphology of the adult females found in the roots. The second stage juveniles (J2) of M.incognita accounted for 31.8% of the stylet-bearing nematodes. The change in population density of M.incognita J2s at the depths, 20-150, 150-300 and 300-450 mm, was monitored over a full year. There were two distinct peaks in population density during that year. Field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of six treatments, Sxj-X, abamectin (0.1% and 1.8%), Rugby, furadan and rapeseed oil cake, for M.incognita control. Furadan, Sxj-X, the abamectin treatments and Rugby gave 89.6% to 93.7% reduction in M.incongnita population density 49 days after treatment. The fruits number of plots treated with Rugby and 1.8% abamectin increased 250% and 480% respectively comparing control plots 124 days after chemical applying.