作 者 ：黄绍文 王玉军 金继运 唐继伟
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 4期 页码：906-918
Keywords:Main vegetable production regions, Soil salinity, Soil pH, Soil nutrient fertility,
摘 要 ：从全国主要菜区采取1201个典型菜田耕层土壤样品，对主要菜区土壤盐分、酸碱性和肥力（OM、NO3--N及速效P和K）状况进行了研究。结果表明，（1）全国温室和大棚菜田土壤次生盐渍化严重，土壤硝酸根的积累是引起土壤次生盐化的重要原因之一，而土壤硝酸盐积累是氮肥过量施用所致。全国主要菜区温室和大棚土壤电导率高于蔬菜正常生长土壤电导率临界值（600 ?s/cm）的土样数分别占其总土样数的28.1%和29.3%，居于超高盐度水平（≧1000 ?s/cm）的土样数分别占9.5%和14.9%。温室和大棚土壤电导率与土壤硝态氮含量之间均呈极显著的正相关（温室：n = 285, r = 0.76**；大棚：n = 348, r = 0.86**）。（2）全国主要菜区土壤有机质含量普遍处于中低水平，土壤有机质含量低于其临界值（20 g/kg）的土样数占总土样数的36.9%，处于高含量水平（≧40 g/kg）的仅为10.0%。（3）温室和大棚土壤硝态氮和速效磷大量积累，对生态环境构成了严重威胁。全国主要菜区温室和大棚土壤硝态氮含量居于高含量水平（≧150 mg/kg）的土样数分别占其总土样数的33.0%和30.7%，土壤速效P含量居于高含量水平（≧150 mg/kg）的土样数分别占其总土样数的59.3%和35.3%。（4）北方温室和大棚菜田土壤酸碱度中性化明显，北方主要菜区温室和大棚土壤pH值（分别平均为7.2和7.3；温室：n = 270，大棚：n = 143）显著低于露地土壤（平均7.7，n = 155）。
Abstract:This study was conducted to determine status of salinity, pH and nutrient fertility (OM, NO3--N, and available P and K) of 1201 representative plow layer soil samples from main vegetable production regions in China. The results showed that serious secondary salinization was found in the vegetable soils of greenhouse with wall and without wall in main vegetable production regions in China, with 28.1% and 29.3% of respective total soil samples from greenhouse with wall and without wall for soil electrical conductivity beyond the critical value (600 ?s/cm) for vegetable in normal growth, and 9.5% and 14.9% of respective total soil samples at very high salinity evaluation level (≧1000 ?s/cm). One of the most important reasons accounting for this was due to soil nitrate accumulation resulting from long-term use of excessive nitrogen fertilizer. Significant correlation relationships between soil electrical conductivity and nitrate-N contents were observed for the vegetable soils of greenhouse with wall and without wall, with correlation coefficients being 0.76 for the vegetable soils of greenhouse with wall (n = 285) and 0.86 for the vegetable soils of greenhouse without wall (n = 348). Medium and low OM evaluation levels in most soils in main vegetable production regions in China were found, with 36.9% of the soils in OM contents being below its critical value (20 g/kg) and only 10.0% of the soils at high OM evaluation level (≧40 g/kg), respectively. High accumulations of nitrate-N and available P were observed in the vegetable soils of greenhouse with wall and without wall in main vegetable production regions in China, with 33.0% and 30.7% of respective total soil samples from greenhouse with wall and without wall for soil nitrate-N at high evaluation level (≧150 mg/kg), and 59.3% and 35.3% of respective total soil samples for soil available P at high evaluation level (≧150 mg/kg). These data indicated that high accumulations of nitrate-N and available P in the vegetable soils of greenhouse with wall and without wall would lead to potential threat to vegetable and environment. Significant neutralization of pH was found in the vegetable soils of greenhouse with wall and without wall in northern main vegetable production regions in China, with lower pH values in the vegetable soils of greenhouse with wall (pH 7.2, n = 270) and without wall (pH 7.3, n = 143) compared with the open vegetable soils (pH 7.7, n = 155).
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