作 者 ：王斐,姜淑苓,欧春青,毋永龙,王海波,李连文,马力
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 6期 页码：1577-1582
Keywords:pear, amino acids selenium fertilizer, selenium concentration, selenium absorption per fruit,
摘 要 ：【目的】以华酥梨为试材,研究了不同施肥方式施用氨基酸硒肥对梨体内硒含量的影响,以期为氨基酸硒肥的合理施用及富硒梨生产提供理论依据。【方法】试验设置叶面喷施和土壤施入两种施肥方式,每种施肥方式设置4个处理,其中土壤施入设每株施入30 mL(900 mg/plant)、 60 mL(1800 mg/plant)、 90 mL(2700 mg/plant)和120 mL(3600 mg/plant),叶面喷施设每株喷施300倍(150.0 mg/plant)、 400倍(112.5 mg/plant)、 600倍(75.0mg/plant)和1000倍(45.0 mg/plant)。叶面喷施从盛花期开始,每隔15天喷施一次,直至果实成熟前15天左右停止,共喷施7次。土壤施入前将氨基酸硒肥兑清水,均匀浇于施肥坑中,于盛花期一次性施入。分别于花后15 d、 30 d、 45 d、 60 d、 75 d、 90 d取果实和叶片,并将果实解析为果皮、 果肉和果心3个部分,分别测定硒含量。【结果】1)两种施肥方式均可极显著提高梨果实和叶片中的硒含量。2)喷施氨基酸硒肥后梨果实和叶片中硒含量在发育初期最高,不同部位硒含量的变化趋势不同,而土施氨基酸硒肥后梨果实和叶片中硒含量均呈现逐步升高的趋势,并在采收时达到最高。3)施肥后单果硒吸收量呈现上升的趋势,花后30～45 d为果实吸收硒的关键期。4)梨叶片的硒含量高于果肉,而且含量高低顺序不受施肥的影响,但果皮、 果肉和果心3个部位硒含量的高低顺序与施肥方式有关,喷施氨基酸硒肥可以改变硒在果实各部位含量的高低顺序,而土施氨基酸硒肥对其没有影响。5)施肥量较小时,果肉和叶片中硒含量与施肥量呈正相关,但当施肥时有效硒含量超过2700 mg/plant时,硒含量反而会下降。【结论】施用氨基酸硒肥影响着梨树体内硒含量。与土施相比,喷施处理后梨对硒的吸收快、 吸收和积累效率高、 硒利用率高,因此,喷施氨基酸硒肥是富硒梨生产最经济有效的方法,施肥量以有效硒含量不超过2700 mg/plant为宜。
Abstract:【Objectives】The effects of different amino acid selenium (AAS) fertilizer application methods were studied on the content of selenium in ‘Huasu’ pear, so as to provide theoretical basis for reasonable application of amino acid selenium and se-enriched pear production. 【Methods】Spraying and soil application methods were used in the experiment, and four application rates of 30 mL(900 mg/plant), 60 mL(1800 mg/plant), 90 mL(2700 mg/plant) and 120 mL(3600 mg/plant) were set for soil application, and four dilution folds of 300(150.0 mg/plant)、 400(112.5 mg/plant)、 600(75.0 mg/plant) and 1000(45.0 mg/plant) were set for spraying. Spraying was madeevery fifteen daysfrom full-bloom stage to fifteen days before fruit ripeningwith seven sprays intotal. For soil use, the schedualed fertilizer was dissolved in water and evenly loaded into the 4 holes (20 cm×20 cm×20 cm) 30 cm from the trunk at full-blom stage.Fruits and leaves were sampled respectively at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after blossom. Fruits were dissected into peel, flesh and core. Selenium contents in different parts of pear fruits and leaves were determined with Atom Absorption Spectrometry.【Results】1) AAS could significantly enhance selenium contents of pear fruits and leaves by both spraying and soil application. 2) The highest selenium contents of fruits and leaves were at the beginning of the development in the treatments of spraying, and the trends of all the analyzed parts were different. With soil application, the selenium contents of fruits and leaves are increased gradually and reached the highest at the harvest. 3) AAS application stimulates the selenium absorption of fruit, and the period from thirty to forty days after the floweringis critical for selenium absorption. 4) Selenium content is higher in leaves than in flesh, no matter fertilization or not. The selenium contents of fruit peel, flesh and core are affected by spraying, but not by soil application. 5) When the spraying amount was low than 2700 mg/plant, selenium contents of pear flesh and leaves are positively correlated with the spraying amount, the contents will decreaseover 2700 mg/plant.【Conclusions】Amino acids selenium fertilization impacts the selenium concentration of pear. Compared with soil application, spraying is more effective in stimulating Se-absorption, Se-accumulation and Se-utilization. The proper spray amount of amino acids selenium fertilizer is not excessive of 2700 mg/plant.
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