Abstract:Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil-bearing crops, economic crops and legume crops in China. As the world‘s first producer and exporter of peanut, it is imperative to accelerate the biological properties and genetic breeding researches in peanut by genetic transformation method. The researches on the root and nodule system of peanut are essential for improving peanut stress-resistance, peanut yield and quality and biological nitrogen fixation capacity. However, nowadays, peanuts genetic transformation system is still not mature, which gives a serious obstacle to the research in peanut. This paper established a transgenic hairy root and nodule system by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in peanut hypocotyl. And the results of expression profile by the GFP and GUS reporter gene showed that it was an easy and high efficient transgenic system, which provides a new research method and technology system for research and genetic improvement in peanut plants.