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作 者 ：曹玉军 赵宏伟 王晓慧 魏雯雯 张磊 王立春 王永军

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 4期 页码：881-887

关键词：甜玉米；钾素；产量；品质；蔗糖代谢；

Keywords:sweet maize, potassium, yield, quality, sucrose metabolism,

摘 要 ：采用田间小区试验，以甜玉米东甜3号（Dongtian3），东甜4号（Dongtian4）为试材，研究了不同钾素用量对甜玉米产量和品质及对蔗糖代谢关键酶活性的调控作用。结果表明，施钾显著提高了甜玉米鲜穗产量，施K2O 150 kg/hm2处理比不施钾处理最高增产14.06%；各施钾处理的子粒可溶性糖、蔗糖、蛋白质、赖氨酸含量均明显提高。开花后，子粒蔗糖含量与蔗糖合成酶（SS，合成方向）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性的变化规律与子粒蔗糖含量变化一致，SS和SPS活性呈显著或极显著正相关，施钾明显提高了二者活性，利于甜玉米蔗糖合成与积累。经回归分析，得甜玉米最高产量钾素用量为K2O 133 ～140 kg/hm2，最优品质的钾素用量为K2O 140 kg/hm2。

Abstract:A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of potassium fertilization on yield, quality and key enzyme activities of sucrose metabolism of sweet maize. In this experiment, Dongtian3 and Dongtian4 were utilized as materials, and five treatments of potassium fertilization (K2O: 0 kg, 50 kg, 100 kg, 150 kg, 200 kg per hectare) were designed. The results indicate that the fresh ear yields of sweet maize are significantly increased under the potassium fertilization, and the fresh ear yield of the treatment with 150 kg/ha (K2O) is the highest one among the 5 treatments, which is increased by 14.06% compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, compared with the control treatment, the contents of soluble sugars, sucrose, protein and lysine are improved under the potassium fertilization. The dynamic changes of activities of sucrose synthase (SS, synthesis) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) are similar to the sucrose content in grains of sweet maize after anthesis. There are positive correlations between activities of the two synthases and sucrose content (P<0.05 or 0.01). Therefore, potassium application can increase the activities of SS and SPS, and sucrose accumulation. According to the regression model of fresh ear yield and quality, the optimum amounts of potassium fertilizer (K2O) are 133-140 kg/ha for harvesting the high yield, and 140 kg/ha for the high quality of sweet maize in practices, respectively.

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