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作 者 ：鲁艳红 廖育林 聂军 谢坚 杨曾平 周兴

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 3期 页码：598-605

关键词：钾肥用量；双季稻；产量；施钾效应；定位试验；

Keywords:potassium rate, double-rice, rice yield, potassium application efficiency, located experiment,

摘 要 ：通过5年定位试验（2008~2012年）， 研究不同钾肥施用量对水稻产量、植株钾素含量、钾素积累量、钾肥利用率、土壤钾素含量、钾素平衡和钾肥经济效益的影响。试验施钾量（K₂O）从低到高设K0（不施钾）、K1（早稻84 kg/hm²、晚稻105 kg/hm²）、K2（早稻120 kg/hm²、晚稻 150 kg/hm²）、K3（早稻156 kg/hm²、晚稻195 kg/hm²）和K4（早稻192  kg/hm²、晚稻 240 kg/hm²）5个处理。5年的试验结果表明， 施钾能显著提高早、晚稻产量，在一定施钾量范围内，水稻产量随施钾量的增加而增加；施钾能促进水稻植株对钾素的吸收和积累，尤其是稻草对钾素的吸收和积累；早、晚稻的钾肥农学效应均以K2处理最高（早稻3.12 kg/kg、晚稻3.70 kg/kg）；钾肥利用率以K1处理最高（早稻41.2%、晚稻76.4%），并随施钾量提高而降低；不同施钾量对土壤钾素含量有明显影响，土壤速效钾、缓效钾和土壤全钾均随施钾量的增加而增加，且不同处理间土壤速效钾含量差异达极显著水平（P＜0.01）；连续种植5年10季水稻后，K0、K1和K2处理的土壤钾素亏缺（K 127.1 kg/hm²、 58.3 kg/hm²和10.8 kg/hm²），亏缺量随施钾量的增加而降低； K3和K4处理的土壤钾素盈余（48.0 kg/hm² 和109.2  kg/hm²），盈余量随施钾量的增加而增加。在经济效益上，早、晚稻产投比均以K2处理最高（早稻1.04、晚稻1.27）。综合考虑施钾的增产效应、经济效益和土壤钾素养分平衡等因素，建议该双季稻区早稻施钾量在K₂O 120~156 kg/hm²、晚稻施钾量在K₂O 150~195 kg/hm²范围内较为适宜。

Abstract:Effects of potassium fertilizer application on rice yield, K content in plant, K uptake, K\|fertilizer use efficiency, potassium balance and economic benefit were studied by using a five\|year (2008-2012) located experiment in double\|rice cropping system. There were five treatments, K0 (non potassium fertilizer), K1 (K₂O 84 kg/ha in early rice and K₂O 105 kg/ha in late rice), K2 (K₂O 120 kg/ha in early rice and K₂O 150 kg/ha in late rice), K3 (K₂O 156 kg/ha in early rice and K₂O 195 kg/ha in late rice) and K4 (K₂O 192 kg/hm2 in early rice and K₂O 240 kg/ha in late rice). The results show that the K fertilizer application could obviously increase grain yields of early rice and late rice, and under a certain K fertilizer application range, the yield is increased with the increase of potassium application rate. The potassium uptook by rice plant, especially by rice straw is obviously increased with the increase of K fertilizer application amount. The K agronomy efficiency of the K2 treatment is the highest in both early rice (3.12 kg/kg K₂O) and late rice (3.70 kg/kg K₂O) among all the treatments, and the K recovery efficiency of K1 treatment is the highest in both early rice (41.2%) and late rice (76.4%) and the K recovery efficiency is decreased with the increase of K application amount. K fertilizer application could significantly affect K contents in soils, and the contents of available K, slowly available K and total K in soils are increased with the increase of K fertilizer application amount and the differences of available K among treatments are significant (P＜0.01). The apparent K balance in the soil\|crop system is negative in the K0, K1 and K2 treatments (127.1  kg/ha, 58.3  kg/ha and 10.8  kg/ha) after the five\|year rice\|cropping and the potassium deficient amount is decreased with the increase of K fertilizer application amount, while the apparent K balance is positive in the K3 and K4 treatments (48.0  kg/ha and 109.2  kg/a) and potassium surplus amount is increased with the increase of K fertilizer application amount. The ratios of output to input of K fertilizer of the K2 treatment in both of early rice (1.04) and late rice (1.27) are the highest. The overall results suggest that the appropriate potassium application rates are K₂O 120-156 kg/ha in early rice and K₂O 150-195 kg/ha in late rice in this double\|rice cropping area.

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