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作 者 ：徐华勤 章家恩 余家瑜 谢俊芳 毛丹鹃 杨滔

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 5期 页码：1172-1178

关键词：酸雨；赤红壤；磷素；Ca2；Al3；Fe2；

Keywords:acid rain, lateritic red soils, phosphorus, Ca2, Al3, Fe2,

摘 要 ：本研究通过室内土柱试验，研究了不同强度和持续时间的模拟酸雨淋溶下，赤红壤磷素淋失量及部分阳离子（Ca2+、Al3+、Fe2+）的释放程度和特征。结果表明：经pH 2.0、pH 3.0、pH 4.0、pH 5.0模拟酸雨持续淋溶 34 d后，淋溶液pH值变化并不明显（ρ＞0.05 ），而对Ca2+、Fe2+的溶出有显著的促进作用，Ca2+、Al3+、Fe2+ 溶出量均随 pH 值的降低而升高，Al3+ 和 Fe2+ 淋失量在pH 2.0时均有骤增现象。随淋溶时间的增加，土壤可溶态磷的淋失量表现为先增加后逐渐降低；随着pH值的降低，土壤磷淋失总量也表现为先增加后降低，pH>4.0的酸雨有助于促进土壤磷的释放，pH＜4.0时土壤磷的淋失减少。相关分析发现淋溶液中磷淋失总量与Al3+和Fe2+溶出量均呈显著负相关（r1=–0.6531， r2=–0.5107），和Ca2+总溶出量相关关系不显著（r3=–0.1287），表明高强度酸雨降低了土壤磷淋失量可能与酸雨作用导致活性铁、铝的大量释放，增加了磷的活性吸附点位，从而增加了对磷酸根离子配位吸附与固定有关。

Abstract:A soil column method was applied to study influences of simulated acid rain (SAR) on leaching characteristics of dissolved phosphorus (DP), Ca2+, Al3+ and Fe2+ in lateritic red soils in south China. The results revealed that compared to the control, the change of leaching pH was not so obvious (ρ＞0.05), but large amounts of leaching losses of Ca2+, Al3+ and Fe2+ were caused by SAR, and the amounts of Ca2+, Al3+ and Fe2+ were all increased with the decrease of SAR pH. The amounts of Al3+ and Fe2+ were increased dramatically when the pH of SAR is 2.0. While as the time elapses, the amount of leaching phosphorus was increased at first and then decreased slowly, and the total amount of leaching phosphorus also had the same trend when the pH of SAR was decreased. The amount of water soluble P leaching was increased when pH was larger than 4.0 and was decreased when pH was less than 4.0. The results of correlation analysis showed that the amounts of Al3+ and Fe2+ had dramatically negative correlation with the leaching phosphorus (r1=-0.6531，r2=-0.5107). The more the acid rain releases active iron and aluminum, the more active phosphorus adsorption and fixation of soils.

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