摘 要 ：采用红外光谱（FTIR）对以尿素、甲醛和磷酸一铵为原料，制备了以磷酸一铵为核心，脲醛肥为膜材料，同时含有氮、磷两种营养元素的包膜缓释肥的结构进行了研究。通过其在土壤中的养分释放特性表明，在土壤中，氮元素的缓释期为100 d，磷元素的缓释期为30 d; 而在水中，氮元素在100 d 时只释放了70%，磷元素在10 d 时则达到100%。说明作为膜材料的缓释肥通过聚合物降解的化学过程，使氮元素获得了明显的缓释效果; 作为核心的磷酸一铵，受包膜的物理保护，其分子中的磷元素也获得了一定的缓释效果。
Abstract:In this paper, urea, formaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogenphosphate(MAP)were used as raw materials to prepare coated slow-release fertilizer containing two nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus, in which MAP is the core and urea-formaldehyde fertilizer is a membrane material. Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)is used to study its structure. The results show the nutrient release characteristics in soil are that nitrogen of slow-release period is 100 days, P element-release period is 30 days, while in the water solution nitrogen release amount accounts for 70% in 100 days, and P release amount in the 10 days can reach to 100%. These results indicate that the slow-release fertilizer as a membrane material through chemical processes of polymer degradation, therefore there has a significant slow-nitrogen release effect; as the core of the MAP, by the envelope of physical protection of phosphorus in the mole, there has a certain amount of slow-phosphorus release effect.