作 者 ：黄继川,徐培智,彭智平,于俊红,涂玉婷,杨林香,吴雪娜,林志军

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2016年 22卷 2期 页码：362-371

关键词：沼液；水稻；土壤养分；土壤酶活性；微生物群落结构；

Keywords:biogas slurry, rice, soil nutrient, soil enzyme activities, microbial structures,

摘 要 ：【目的】沼液为养殖业废弃物,含有多种作物生长所需的有机和无机养分,其循环利用具有重要的生态和经济意义。本文通过研究施用沼液对稻田土壤肥力及土壤生物学特性的影响,提出稻田的适宜沼液用量。【方法】以“黄秀软占”为试验材料,2013年在广东省博罗县连续开展了2茬大田试验,以不施肥(CK)和施常规化学肥料(CF)为对照,设施用沼液200、 400、 600、 800和1000 m³/hm² 5个水平,依次记为BS200、 BS400、 BS600、 BS800和BS1000。分析了施用不同量沼液稻田土壤主要养分和酶活性,并采用PCR-DGGE 方法研究了土壤微生物区系的变化。【结果】稻田土壤有机质、 碱解氮、 有效磷和速效钾的含量随沼液用量的增加而提高,连续施用沼液存在累积叠加效应; 第一茬试验土壤pH随沼液用量的增加而下降,连续施用2茬土壤pH随沼液用量的增加而升高。施用沼液与不施肥和施用化肥相比,能够提高土壤蔗糖酶、 脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。微生物群落多样性指数早稻以800 m³/hm²处理、 晚稻以600 m³/hm²处理最优,土壤微生物群落相似系数随沼液用量的增加而降低,且晚稻各处理间差异程度大于早稻。主成分分析表明,早稻第一主成分反映了土壤理化指标和微生物丰度,晚稻第一主成分反映了除脲酶以外的所有理化因子、 酶活性和微生物群落指标信息,说明连续施用2茬沼液对土壤理化因子、 尤其是对生物活性产生了重要影响。【结论】施用沼液能够提高稻田土壤有机质、 碱解氮、 有效磷和速效钾,在水稻生产上具有较好的应用价值。施用沼液为400~800 m³/hm²时能够提高土壤酶活性,并改善土壤微生物群落结构,综合沼液对土壤肥力和生物学特性的影响,且连续施用沼液具有一定的累积效应,建议稻田生态系统沼液的适宜用量为600~800 m³/hm²。

Abstract:【Objectives】Biogas slurry is one of the byproducts of breeding industry, full of organic and inorganic nutrients good for crop growth, and must be recycled from point of ecological and economic sustainability. The effects of biogas slurry on the soil fertility and biological properties of paddy soil, and the suitable use amount for healthy soil ecosystem were studied in this paper. 【Methods】Field experiments were carried out in early rice and late rice in Boluo County, Guangdong Province in 2013. The experiment included two controls(no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer), and five levels of biogas slurry treatments(200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 m³/hm²). The soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in paddy soil were analyzed, and the soil microbial diversities and microbial structures were studied by PCR-DGGE method. 【Results】 With biogas slurry application increased, the content of soil organic matter, available N,available P and available K were enhanced, continuous application of biogas slurry showed accumulation effects. Soil pH was reduced in early rice experiment and enhanced in late rice experiment with the increase of biogas slurry application. The activities of soil sucrase, urease and acid phosphatase were enhanced by the application. The highest soil microbial diversities indexes were obtained when the biogas slurry applied amount was 800 m³/hm² in early rice and 600 m³/hm² in late rice. The similarity coefficient of soil microbial structure was decreased with biogas slurry dosage increased; the differentiation of microbial structure among treatments in late rice season was higher than in early rice season. Principal component analysis showed that the first principal component in early rice was the information of physicochemical properties and microbial abundance, while that in late rice was the soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial diversities and enzyme activities except urease. Biogas slurry application affected paddy soil physicochemical properties, especially biological activity after continuous use in early and late rice. 【Conclusion】Application of biogas slurry increases the contents of soil organic matter, available N, P and K, and improves soil enzyme activities, microbial diversities and microbial structures in application range of biogas slurry 400-800 m³/hm². Comprehensively considering the soil fertility and biological health, as well as the accumulation effects of continuous application, 600-800 m³/hm² of biogas slurry is suggested for rice production in paddy soil ecosystem.