作 者 ：蔡大同;王义炳;茆泽圣;林长丰;李本良;王长红;杨桂芬
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 1994年 1卷 1期 页码：74-83
Keywords:Good quality wheat, Protein components, Dough rheological properties.,
摘 要 ：在苏、皖两省不同农业生态地区,研究优质小麦播期和氮肥对产量和品质性状的影响。结果表明,小麦产量最高是淮北东海点,向南至沿江点逐步下降;相反地,面粉蛋白质含量和流变学特性则南部的高于北部。播期效应在淮北和淮西都不显著;而淮东和沿江早播的比晚播的显著增产。高N处理从225增加至300kg/ha,只有淮西点以80％N作基肥的才显著增产,蛋白质含量随着N肥增加而提高呈现明显的梯度。N肥分期增施试验结果表明:用量236.25kg/ha分基肥55.6％,苗肥22.4％和拔节初期22.4％施用的产量最高,同未施N比较,苏北点增产59.7％,沿江点为39.4％;面粉蛋白质分别提高32.2％和40.2％;面团流变学特性都达到最佳状态。增加N肥对小麦品质性状改善,在沿江地区的表现优于苏北地区。N肥再增加26.25kg/ha于拔节后期增施,由于N肥施用太迟,延缓了籽粒灌浆速度和妨碍较难溶性的高分子量蛋白质形成,其产量和品质性状反而下降。优质小麦在苏北具有高产势能而加工品质性状下降,初步解释是因为N在植株体内“稀释效应”,和施用的N肥供给数量和强度不能满足麦粒贮存蛋白质生物合成需要的缘故。
Abstract:Under the different agro-ecosystem over the jiangsu-Anhuai provinces a randomized split-block field experiment was carried out to test 4 sowing date and 3 levels of N application with 3 replications. Another field experiment in randomized complete block design located in two sites in liangsu province to test the time of N application with 4 replications. The Protein components of wheat flour was analysed by the solubility method and the rheological properties were measured by the use of farinograph and extensography. The results were reported as follows. The highest yield of wheat occurred at northern part of Huaihe, but the yield gradually decreased down to the Changjian alluvium. On the contrary the protein contents and rheological properties were improved from north to south.The sowing date had no effect on wheat yield at north-west of Huaihe, while early sowing date increased yield significantly at eastern part of Huaihe as well as Changjian alluvium. The high rates of N application from 225 to 300 kg/ha did not increase wheat yield except at western part of Huaihe where 80% of N fertilizer was applied as basal dressing. There was a high correlation between protein content of wheat and the rate of N application. The results from the test of time of N application indicated that the yield from split-application of 236.25 kg N/ha with 55.6% as basal dressing, 22.2% at seedling stage and 22.2% at stem-elongation stage was the highest. As compared with the 0 N plot the yield increased 59.7% at north of Jiangsu and 39.4% at south of Jiangsu and the Protein content increased 32.2% and 40.2% respectively. The theological properties kept at optimum pattern under different treatments. The improvement in wheat quality with the increase in N fertilizer applied was slower in the northern part of Huaihe than in the south.Further increase in N (e. g. 26.25 kg N/ha) top-dressed at late stem-elongation decreased in both yield and quality. It is explained that postponing the last topdressing of N fertilizer may rsduce the rate of grain filling and hindered the formation of more insoluble high molecular weight proteins fraction.Why does the good quality wheat have high yield potential with lowered process quality? The explanation may be that due to the ‘dilution effect‘ within the plant the N supply in both quantily and intensity would not be great enough to meet the requirement for the synthesis of storage-protein in wheat grain.
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