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作 者 ：王晓英1;贺明荣1;李飞1;刘永环1;张洪华1;刘春刚2

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2007年 13卷 3期 页码：361-367

关键词：强筋小麦；水氮耦合；蛋白质；淀粉；品质；

Keywords:strong-gluten wheat, coupling of irrigation and nitrogen, protein, starch, quality,

摘 要 ：在高肥力条件下,研究水氮耦合对小麦子粒产量、蛋白质含量及组成、蛋白质质量、淀粉含量及组成和淀粉品质的影响。结果表明,无论施氮与否,灌水均显著提高小麦子粒产量,同时显著降低子粒粗蛋白、单体蛋白及湿面筋含量;但不同灌水量间(W₁、W₂、W₃)差异不显著。在低灌水频次(W₀、W₁)条件下,施氮具有明显的增产效应;而高灌水频次(W₂、W₃),施氮的增产效应不显著。随着灌水次数增加,谷蛋白总量保持稳定,而谷蛋白组分产生了显著的变化,其中可溶性谷蛋白含量呈上升趋势,不溶性谷蛋白含量和谷蛋白聚合指数呈下降趋势,粉质仪参数(形成时间和稳定时间)也呈下降趋势。小麦子粒蛋白质含量及组分和子粒品质均因施氮(N.168.kg/hm²)而有不同程度的提高,其中非面筋蛋白(清蛋白和球蛋白)的增加幅度高于面筋蛋白(醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白),可溶性谷蛋白增加幅度高于不溶性谷蛋白,即降低了谷蛋白聚合指数。水氮对子粒的淀粉含量及其组成的影响存在明显的交互效应。在不施氮肥条件下,随灌水次数增加,支链淀粉和总淀粉含量呈上升趋势;施氮条件下,各灌水处理(W₁、W₂、W₃)的总淀粉和支链淀粉含量均显著高于不灌水处理(W₀),但各灌水处理间差异不显著。随灌水次数增加,直链淀粉含量和直/支比均呈下降趋势,黏度仪指标(峰值黏度、稀值、最终黏度和反弹值)均呈上升趋势。施氮在低灌水频次(W₀、W₁)条件下促进支链淀粉的合成,同时降低直链淀粉含量和直/支比;高灌水频次(W₂、W₃)条件下则相反。

Abstract:Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield,protein composition,protein quality,starch composition and starch paste traits of a strong-gluten winter wheat were investigated on a high fertility soil.Compared with non-irrigation treatment,grain yields under irrigation treatments were significantly increased,but the content of grain protein,monomeric protein and flour wet gluten was reduced.There was no significant difference in the above parameters between the irrigation treatments.Nitrogen application could significantly increase grain yield under low irrigation frequency(W₀ and W₁),while neglected effect on yield was observed with high irrigation frequency(W₂ and W₃).With the irrigation frequency increase,glutenin content leveled off,but the changes of glutenin composition were not uniformed,in which the soluble glutenin content was increased,while insoluble glutenin content and polymerization index(insoluble glutenin/total glutenin) were reduced.Both dough development time and stability time were becoming shorter.Nitrogen application improved the content of all grain protein compositions and grain quality,in which the increasing magnitude in non-gluten protein(albunin and globulin) was higher than gluten protein(gliadin and glutenin),and soluble glutenin higher than insoluble glutenin.The interactive effects of irrigation and nitrogen on starch composition were significant.Starch content and amylopectin content was increased with adding irrigation frequency in no nitrogen treatment.Irrigation significant increased starch content and amylopectin content in nitrogen treatment compared to non-irrigation one,but there were no significant difference on starch and amylopectin content between irrigation treatments.Amylose content and the ratio of amylose to amylopectin were reduced while RVA indexes(peak viscosity,breakdown,final viscosity and setback) were increased with adding irrigation frequency.Nitrogen application significantly improved amylopectin content and decreased amylose content in lower frequency irrigation,while amylopectin content was decreased and amylose content was improved by nitrogen application in higher frequency irrigation.

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