作 者 ：卢艳丽;陆卫平;刘萍;王继丰;刘小兵;陆大雷;苏辉
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2006年 12卷 5期 页码：610-615
Keywords:waxy corn, nitrogen accumulation, genotype differences,
摘 要 ：为了解糯玉米氮素积累进程的变化规律,阐明不同生育时期氮素积累的基因型差异及其对产量形成的作用,分析了31个糯玉米品种在同一施氮水平下四叶期、拔节期、大口期(12叶期)、开花(吐丝)期、鲜穗采收期和成熟期的植株氮素积累量。结果表明,植株氮素含量随生育进程逐渐下降,植株氮素积累量随生育进程的增加呈不对称的S型曲线变化,可用Richards方程拟合。不同品种各生育时期的氮素含量和积累量均存在显著差异。鲜穗高产品种主要在大口至开花阶段增加了吸氮量;而鲜子粒及成熟子粒高产品种主要在大口至开花,其次在开花至鲜穗采收阶段增加了吸氮量。通径分析表明,氮素积累过程主要影响氮素积累总量的高低,而对氮素利用效率影响较小。氮素积累过程S型曲线的Richards方程特征参数品种间差异显著。最大积累速率大、活跃积累期长、快增期的积累速率大和持续时间长对提高品种的氮素吸收总量有利。属于高产、氮素吸收量大、氮素利用效率高的基因型有6个品种,其大口至开花及开花至鲜穗采收阶段的吸氮量平均值分别为1.136和0.554.g/plant,比其它品种分别高24.3%和37.8%;最大积累速率和快增期的积累速率分别为0.068和0.059.g/(d.plant),比其它品种分别高15.8%和15.9%。活跃积累期和快增期的持续时间平均值分别为63.4和29.5.d,比其它品种分别延长了1.9和0.9d。
Abstract:In order to understand the regularity of nitrogen(N) accumulation dynamics,explain the genotypic differences of N accumulation at different growing stages and their effects on the yield formation,31 waxy corn(Zea mays L.ceratina Kulesh)varieties released in recent years in China were planted to analyze their N accumulation at the 4 th leaf age,the jointing stage,the 12 th leaf stage,the silking stage,the fresh ear stage and the maturity stage under same nitrogen fertilization conditions respectively.The results showed that the N content was decreased with the growth of waxy corn;N accumulation dynamics was a dissymmetrical S curve which could be fitted by Richards equation.There were significant differences in N content and N accumulation at different stages among different varieties.In addition,the increment of N uptake of high fresh ear yield varieties mainly occurred from the 12 th leaf stage to the silking stage,while for the high fresh grain yield varieties and high grain yield varieties,it mainly occurred from the 12 th leaf stage to the silking stage followed from the silking stage to the fresh ear stage.It was found that the N accumulation dynamics influenced on total N accumulation significantly,but it had minor effects on N utilization efficiency by path analysis.Moreover,there were significant differences in the parameters of the Richards equationfitted for N accumulation dynamics among different varieties.Higher maximum N accumulation rate,longer activity accumulative duration,higher N accumulation rate and longer duration in the middle stage in the process of growth of waxy corn had a beneficial effect on N accumulation of waxy maize.6 varieties of Feng nuo 2146,Jing ke nuo 267,Hu yu nuo 3,Jing ke nuo 218,Qian nuo 668 and Jing ke nuo 2000 were regarded as high yield and high N utilization efficiency in the 31waxy corn varieties,had mean N uptake 1.136(g/plant) from the 12 th leaf stage to the silking stage,and mean N uptake 0.554 g/plant from the silking stage to the fresh ear stage,which were 24.3% and 37.8% higher than that of other varieties,respectively.In addition,the average maximum N accumulation rate was 0.068 g/(d·plant),and the average N accumulative rate of above six varieties in the middle stage was 0.059 g/(d·plant),which were 15.8% and 15.9% higher than that of other varieties,respectively.Moreover,the average activity accumulative time was 63.4d,and the average last time in the middle stage was 29.5d,which were longer than that of other varieties by 1.9d and 0.9d,respectively.
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