全 文 :书!"#$%&
,2016,36(7):1450-1455
犃犮狋犪犅狅狋.犅狅狉犲犪犾.犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋.犛犻狀.
!"#$:10004025(2016)07145006 犱狅犻:10.7606/j.issn.10004025.2016.07.1450
%&(
:20160301;)*&%+(:20160630
,-./
:
!()*+%,-./01
(2014JZ011);23456780(20130430105)
0123
:
9 :(1968-),;<,=>,?@ABCDEF%GHI=%JKLM。Email:shihui06@126.com
NOMP:QR:,JKS,;
7BCDEFGHI
! "1,#$%1,&(1,)*+1,2,),"2
(1!Z[\+]^% CDW_`La%b,!(CDLa./cde,!Z710055;2f245+%JKb V4EFCD
WghJKi
,
"j100091)
J K:#$klImnopqr(fluctuatingasymmetry,FA)WCDstuvwxIyz。{JK|}_~
^
(犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿犾狌犮犻犱狌犿 Ait.)
(犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿狇狌犻犺狅狌犻Carr.)q,!Z_9
/
,
|qr ¡¢I£¤¥
、
£¦§£H¨
,
©ª«¬
FA,®¯#$FAqCD°±²I³´µ,¶·FAM¸¹Iº»o。¼½¾¿:^
¦§
(FAP)、¤¥(FAW)H¨(FAA)mnopqrÀÁ0.051、0.0630.082,
ÀÁ
0.043、0.0820.102,Â|FAAÃ^,FAPÃ;FAP、FAW FAAt、ÄÅCDtÂuvÆÇÈIÉ
Ê
;
IFAPWfSO2 Ë¥stÌÇȬyo。ºÍ,^
Imnopqr´µq
pÎCD°±uvÏÐIÑ
,
uvME$¸¹IÒÓ
,
ÔÕÖ$´µ¸¹I×Ø
、
ÙÚÛ
|ÜFAW´µÝÞ$IyzßGHvàá⶷。
LMN
:
;
mnopqr
;
klão
;
ÝÞ
;
CD
OPQR$
:Q945.11 !STUV:A
犔犲犪犳犉犾狌犮狋狌犪狋犻狀犵犃狊狔犿犿犲狋狉狔犻狀犚犲狊狆狅狀狊犲狋狅
犃犻狉犘狅犾狌狋犻狅狀犪狀犱犐狀犱犻犮犪狋狅狉犉狌狀犮狋犻狅狀
SHIHui1,WUYunfei1,TANGZhanduo1,WANGHuixia1,2,WANGYanhui2
(1SchoolofEnvironmentalandMunicipalEngineering,XianUniversityofArchitectureandTechnology,KeyLaboratoryofEn
vironmentalEngineeringinShaanxiProvince,Xian710055;2InstituteofForestEcology,EnvironmentandProtection,Chinese
AcademyofForest,Beijing100091)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Thefluctuatingasymmetry(FA)ofbiologicaldevelopmentstabilityhasacloserelationshipwith
environmentalconditions.The犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿犾狌犮犻犱狌犿and犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻wereselectedasexperimentalmateri
als,whicharecommonlyurbangreeningtreespeciesinXi’an.Thematureleavesoftheseplantswere
sampledfrom9airenvironmentalmonitoringsites.Theleafhalfperimeter,halfwidth,andhalfareawere
measuredandtheeachFAwascalculated,whichtheveinissymmetryaxis.Theresponsecharacteristics
of2kindsleafFAtoenvrionmentalairconditionwereresearched,andthepotentialofleafFAasanair
qualityindicatorwasexplored.Thevaluesoffluctuatingasymmetryofperimeter,width,andarea(abbre
viatedasFAP,FAWandFAA,respectively)were0.051,0.063and0.082for犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿,respectively.
TheFAP,FAWandFAAof犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻were0.043,0.082and0.102,respectively.TheeachFAshowed
significantdifferencesbetweendifferentplantspeciessamplingsitesandenviromentalsites.Therewere
closerelationshipbetweentheFAPandairSO2concentrationsforeachplantspecies.TheleafFAhashigh
sensitivitytodifferentenvironmentalconditions,andithasthepotentialasabiologicalmonitoringindica
tor.However,thechoiceofsuitablespeciesformonitoring,leafcharacteristicindexes,thenumberof
samples,FAandcharacteristicsofpolutantsrelationsshouldfurtherresearch.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:leafblade;fluctuatingasymmetry;developmentstability;airpolution;environmentalquality
E$kläafåæE$çE$Ièéê
ë
,
ì~íîïðñI
、
òóoIôõ
;
mnop
qr
(fluctuatingasymmetry,FA)Ñö÷¢qr
¼øôõIùú
,
ûæÑöklãoIð¸
¹
[14]。
ðñJK¾¿
,
#$IFAWCDÝÞs
tvwxIyz
,
º|MCDI¸ü$
[5]。
ýþLÿ!cdfI"#犎犪犾狅狆犺犻犾犪狅狏犪犾犻狊FA
WCuõ$Ë¥stuvÇÈI¬yo,%WPbõ
$Ë¥stIyzpÇÈ
[6];
&*XfpÎ(
)I"#犣狅狊狋犲狉犪犮犪狆狉犻犮狅狉狀犻Aschers.FAÉÊ
ÇÈ
,
ÔWXf.-*
(Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Se)IË
¥+,-vð.o
[7];
/0IPbºÇÈ1,2Å
â3#$45-6#
(犔狔狋犺狉狌犿狊犪犾犻犮犪狉犻犪)7I§
¥
、
ÚE$
,
Ô89:«IFA[8];;<
=¦¢I>
(犅犲狋狌犾犪狆犲狀犱狌犾犪)Ü«2?(犅.
狆狌犫犲狊犮犲狀狊ssp.狆狌犫犲狊犮犲狀狊犅.狆狌犫犲狊犮犲狀狊ssp.狋狅狉
狋狌狅狊犪)FAò@CDÝÞa¥I9:%9^,FA
WfINiË¥A¬y[9];B"_»CDEFG
H
(犘犾犪狋犪狀狌狊犪犮犲狉犻犳狅犾犻犪)¤¥IFAWCDIJ
ßKstIyzwx
,
%IôLoFAWCDI
JßKst-vÇÈIMz
[10]。
ÔN
,
yæI
FAWCDIJstOÌðñ¬ÑIP/,ý
Wuytackß[11]JK¾¿QR(犛犪犾犻狓犪犾犫犪)H¨I
FA pSÝÞðñTCDè$IU³;
Velickovicß[5]I¼½VN¾¿WX#(犘犾犪狀狋犪犵狅
犿犪犼狅狉)IFAçÝÞYvZ^I[,\]@«
çÝÞYIpqro+æÝÞY
。
E$N^E$qCDfÝÞ$IÑ
_`aCDÝÞbcIðde
;
#$~fgh
ijÅ
,
«qCD²I³VkÑö§lÝÞq
E$IU³
[12]。
èm
,
nðopq#$FAWC
DIJstIyz
,
qæ¶rFAqCDI¸ü
M
、´
ÁNsÕCDÝÞ$ItÎuuv.@
I\v
。
^
(犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿犾狌犮犻犱狌犿 Ait.)
(犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻Carr.)N~I}_ÝÞ
#$
[13],
wN!Z_~ÍI#$
。
Ùxd
|!Z^
q
,
JK«I¤
¥
、
¦§H¨ImnopqrqÝÞI³
´µ
,
¶·FAMyz¸¹Iº»o。
1 {|G}
1.1 WXYZ
æ2014f5~fn»,?@/
(æ!Z_+!
、
+y=
、
、
ì
、
、
_l
、
、
、
}
,
u()
Í1。9/N!Z_CD/,uv¬
ICDÚ
。
/¦¢×
、
+¬I^
6;
I2/3、!"4GL,GL
2,8,/
48。©^
432
¡cde¢£¤¥
。
1.2 [\]^
¦¢£ê§I¨©ªn»«¬Ì
,
£
¤¥
、
£H¨Ü£¦§¸¹IImageJ1.48
®±n»
。
¯°±É
,
3´µ[Â
3²,«³Â[ÀÁM¸¹I´¼½。
£¤¥µImageJf¶·¸¹¬º
f1~9©/»²+y=、、}、、
_l
、
+!
、
ì
、
1 xd/À¼ü\
T hedigitsinmaparesamplingsitenumbers,and1-9standfor
HighVoltageSwitchgearFactory,XingqingResidentialArea,
F angzhiCityorTextileCity,Xiaozhai,XianStadium,Western
HighTechZone,XianEconomicDevelopmentZone,
QujiangPark,andGuangyuntan,respectively
Fig.1 Mapshowingthesamplingsites,Xian,
Shaanxi,China
15417l 9 :,ß:#$ImnopqrqÝÞI³Ü«¸ü½k
î?
,
*¤M2°?I³»¾¿«ÀÁW
I ¡¢Â¬x
,
äMî3°³»¾Iþ,ÀÁ
¡£¤Ia¥
。
£¦§µ
,
ImageJ
f¿Ä¾@¢ÂÅÆî ¡Ç¸È
¹IÉÊ
,
/Ë
‘
ÀÌ
—
’,
ºÍΣ¦§[
。
ImageJf¿Ä¾@¢ÂÅÆî¸È
¹IÉÊ
,
ÏÐ@?¡ÎÑ/øðÒÓ
Ô
,
/Ë
‘
ÀÌ’,ºÍÎ ¡£H¨IÚ[。
1.3 89:;<=犉犃_7`a
^Õ
(1)©ªI犉犃,Õf犔 ÇI´
µ[
(
Ö× £¦§
、
£¤
、
£H¨ß
),犚
¡Ç´µ[
(
Öס£¦§
、
¡£¤
、
¡£H¨ß
),
犉犃ØÙ。«fÀÁFAW、FAPFAA¾
ü¤
、
¦§H¨ImnopqrÚÚ
。
犉犃= |犚-犔|(犚+犔)/2
(1)
2 ¼½WÀÌ
2.1 6bcd、befgbhi7jk:Ql
åæFANAE$ÇÛÜqrIÔF´µf
kEIòóôÉ
,
«Ý©´/N ¡Ç´µ[
(
Þ
ý£¦§
、
£¤
、
£H¨
)
sÉNÂ[ßIAFÀ
¼
[14]。
^ KolmogorovSmimovàdq £¦
§¡£¦§、 £¤¡£¤、 £H¨¡£H¨I
¼½n»AFoàd
;
ϹáÕâã°Ê~
[¤
,
q/äåÚn» Kolmogorov
Smimovàd,¼½Çü£¦§、£¤、£H¨3
0¸¹I ¡´µ[sÉÂæÕAFÀ¼çÂ[
ß
(犘>0.05)(¾1),i|^
¦§
、
¤
、
H¨uvmnopqrI´µ
。
2.2 ;mYWn>?@A5od
^
Ièé2f ¡,ðê
3~ë(ëì)k;èmI^.v
1fIí,ºîÅpN2013f3~ëkI
kl%_
。
A2013f3~Î2014f5~pÎ
/I?@ÝÞ$Ë¥~Â[;2。ltI
SO2 Ë¥Ã^[/2I43.91μg·
m-3,Ã[/3}I22.97μg·m
-3,
ï
ð23DK¹ñ
(GB30962012)I@ò。
NO2 Ë¥Ã^[/2I83.64μg·
p1 q6rstu6rsbef、bcd、bhi7jk:vw
Table1 Thenormalitytestofhalfperimeter,halfwidthandhalfareafor犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿犾狌犮犻犱狌犿
Ait.and犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿狇狌犻犺狅狌犻Carr.
ÚÚ
Parameter
^
犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿
犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻
£¦§
Halfperimeter
£¤¥
Halfwidth
£H¨
Halfarea
£¦§
Halfperimeter
£¤¥
Halfwidth
£H¨
Halfarea
vuÙ Number 393 393 393 401 401 401
AFÂ[NormalAv. 0.002 0.029 -0.054 -0.029 -0.008 -0.051
AF¹ñÉNormalSD 0.622 0.162 1.211 0.253 0.117 0.363
KS 0.586 0.740 0.766 0.998 1.1012 0.874
Asymp.Sig. 0.882 0.644 0.600 0.272 0.257 0.429
p2 xYWn>?@A5odyz_
Table2 Monthlyaverageconcentrationofairpolutantsindifferentsamplingsites
/
Samplingsite
ÝÞ$Ë¥~Â[ Monthlyaverageconcentrationofairpolutants/(μg·m-3)
SO2 NO2 CO
O3
1h³Â
1houraverage
8h³Â
8houraverage
PM2.5 PM10
1 30.21b 71.26c 43.07bc 30.87b 40.00ab 127.30b 123.82b
2 43.91a 83.64a 53.27a 37.44a 44.83a 127.64b 118.19b
3 22.97c 62.02c 47.28b 21.39c 29.19bc 117.61b 113.89bc
4 31.11b 61.63c 50.16a 32.89b 40.76ab 117.32b 125.10bc
5 34.24b 74.41b 48.27b 33.90b 41.35ab 101.38c 105.60c
6 30.96b 64.44c 48.16b 34.86b 41.24ab 139.00a 148.45a
7 35.28b 78.64ab 48.13b 33.32b 40.06ab 115.25b 122.56b
8 32.49b 58.05c 43.87bc 29.48bc 34.98b 129.60b 127.33b
9 36.19b 62.42c 42.29c 26.50c 33.22b 115.59b 120.58b
2541 ! " # $ % & 36ó
m-3,Ã[/8I58.05μg·m
-3,
/Üôõä23DK¹ñfÂË¥
40μg·m
-3
I@ò
,
Ã^/õ¹1ö;å
æNNO2 ÷NÝÞI¸ü$sð,ø¿÷NÝÞ
Nñ/I?@ÝÞ_ù
。COË¥úú+æ2
3DK¹ñ
,
ÀÁN¹ñI4~10ö;O3 Ë¥
ïðDK¹ñ@ò
。
|PM2.5û¾Iüý
$Ë¥
,
úú+æDK¹ñIfÂ35μg·
m-3,N¹ñI3~4ö。pÎIÝÞ$Ë¥pÎ
I/stÌ@ÇÈIÉÊ
(
¾2)。
2.3 ;mYWn6cd、efghi7犉犃{|
^
¤¥
、
¦§H¨Im
nopqr´µÍ¾3。qæ^
%þ,«
¦§犉犃(FAP)Ã^[/2()I
0.067、Ã[/3(})I0.033,³Â
0.051,/stuvÆÇÈIÉÊ(犘=0.004);«
¤¥犉犃(FAW)Ã^[/1(+y=)I
0.094、Ã[/4()I0.036,³Â
0.063,/stwuvÆÇÈIÉÊ(犘=0.000);
«H¨犉犃(FAA)Ã^[/7(ì)I
0.140、Ã[/9(
)I0.046,³Â
0.082,/stÎuvÆÇÈIÉÊ(犘=
0.000)。^
I3pÎ犉犃´µÚ
Úf
,FAAI[Ã^,«²FAW,ÃFAP,
Ô3¸¹stI¬yoªpÇÈ。
ε
,
qæ
_ø
,
«¦§犉犃Ã^I
/5(_l)I0.067、ÃI/3(
}
)
/4()I0.035,³Â0.045,/
stuvÆÇÈIÉÊ
(犘=0.004);«¤¥FA
Ã^I/1(+y=)I0.109、ÃI
/9(
)I0.052,³Â0.082,/stu
vÆÇÈIÉÊ
(犘=0.000);qæH¨犉犃Ã^
I/1(+y=)I0.122、ÃI/4
(
)
I0.080,³Â0.102,/stuvÆÇ
ÈIÉÊ
(犘=0.000)。
I3´µÚ
Úf
,
ξïîFAA Ã^,«²FAW,FAA
Ã
,
ÿPstI¬yyzÎpÇÈ
。
!"
,
q^
IFAP、FAW
FAAÿ¸¹n»q狋àd,kïFAPFAA
$tuvZ¿ÇÉÊ
(犘=0.079),%
FAW $stuvÇÈÉÊ(犘=0.047)。
|B¼½ø¿^
¤¥
、
¦
§H¨Imnopqr´µqCDÑ#$
ÏÐ
,
ç| ¡£H¨Ipqra¥S/CD
èéIU³Z^
;
FAÚÚqCDIÑ
Ì¿ÇÉÊ
,
ª|¤¥pqra¥¾ïV¿Ç
。
2.4 6犉犃t>?}~7L
q^
FAP、FAW
FAAÿ¸¹WÄÅ?@ÝÞ$Ë¥I¬y
on»ÀÌ
(
¾4),Ø%N^
ON
,
&¦§ImnpqroFAP#WfSO2 IË
¥Î5%ÇÈX³IA¬y,^
IFAW
WfCOuv5%X³BI(¬y;«)¸¹
stI¬yyzÂpÇÈ
。
ÔA*+¥_,
,
FAPW^-ÚCDè$stI¬yo@+æFAW
FAA,ø¿CDqIU³,vºkq¦
p3 ;mYWnq6rs、u6rs76bcd、befgbhi7犉犃{|
Table3 TheFAvalueofhalfperimeter,halfwidthandhalfareaabout犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿and犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻
fordifferentsamplingsites
/
Samplingsite
^
犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿
犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻
FAP FAW FAA FAP FAW FAA
1 0.047±0.039b 0.094±0.063a 0.100±0.058b 0.037±0.026c 0.109±0.088a 0.122±0.107a
2 0.071±0.032a 0.048±0.031c 0.078±0.051c 0.062±0.040a 0.068±0.042c 0.088±0.081c
3 0.033±0.030c 0.059±0.037b 0.058±0.050d 0.035±0.024c 0.064±0.050c 0.106±0.055ab
4 0.036±0.033c 0.036±0.024d 0.075±0.052c 0.035±0.031c 0.077±0.072b 0.080±0.065c
5 0.052±0.037b 0.049±0.044c 0.066±0.049c 0.067±0.051a 0.093±0.068a 0.118±0.073a
6 0.067±0.059a 0.060±0.036b 0.109±0.071b 0.039±0.023c 0.096±0.060a 0.103±0.065b
7 0.069±0.038a 0.076±0.062ab 0.140±0.086a 0.039±0.025c 0.096±0.064a 0.105±0.065b
8 0.050±0.035b 0.063±0.045b 0.067±0.047c 0.042±0.036bc 0.081±0.069ab 0.093±0.068bc
9 0.067±0.063a 0.086±0.078a 0.046±0.031d 0.050±0.048b 0.052±0.040d 0.100±0.070b
³Â Average 0.051 0.063 0.082 0.043 0.082 0.102
.
:FAP、FAWFAAÀÁ¾ü¦§、¤¥H¨IFA
Note:TheFAP,FAWandFAAisleaffluctuatingasymmetryofhalfperimeter,halfwidthandhalfarea,respectively
35417l 9 :,ß:#$ImnopqrqÝÞI³Ü«¸ü½k
p4 6犉犃{|t>?}~7L:
Table4 ThecorrelationanalysisbetweenFAvalueandairenvironmentalquality
Species
¸¹
Index SO2 NO2 CO
O31h³ÂË¥
O31houraverage
O38h³ÂË¥
O38houraverage PM2.5 PM10
^
犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿
FAP 0.765 0.534 0.124 0.54 0.442 0.227 0.279
FAW -0.08 -0.007 -0.782 -0.328 -0.3 0.14 0.105
FAA 0.084 0.46 0.203 0.499 0.498 0.284 0.441
犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻
FAP 0.690 0.548 0.305 0.423 0.399 -0.407 -0.517
FAW -0.141 0.275 -0.046 0.457 0.503 0.166 0.275
FAA -0.305 0.206 -0.45 -0.177 -0.096 -0.237 -0.23
§IU³^æ«/
。
3 · %
Kozlovß[15]q0123(犘犻狀狌狊狊狔犾狏犲狉狊狋狉犻狊)I
JKkï
,
ÝÞCD4¿«5IÇ6¼ø7
ìkE¿ÇI8²
,
Ô9ÝIE§:;
、
<=
ù¥|Ü>5ß?-v²
,
%mµI§¥
.Imnopqr¸¹Wq@¬A9§40%
30%,p犉犃 NBÏICDÝÞ¸ü¸¹。
Klisaricß[16]CD(犚狅犫犻狀犻犪狆狊犲狌犱狅犪犮犪犮犻犪)BI
JKÇü
,
ÝÞq@I犉犃uvÇÈIÉÊ,
CDI犉犃NðvÒÓIE$¸ü$。Shadrina
ß
[17]
kïQ>
(犅犲狋狌犾犪狆犾犪狋狔狆犺狔犾犾犪S.)%
EFÝÞG.Y
,
Iklpã9:
,FA²
9^
。
èm
,Rettingß[18]pFAHIðB
ÏIº|Ñö,JIJI¸¹
。
ÔN
,Wuytack
ß
[11]
QRBIJKkï犉犃 qCDI²ªp
ÏÐ
,
)p?@IKèºkWÙÚ
、
QR´o
vy
(
QRqCDIJpÏÐ
);
εåæðñEL
MnÔF²kNOP¯QCDIJIU³
,
.
¿FA pÏÐ[12]。ÙJKI9/f,Rv
NO2 üý$ÝÞ$Ë¥õä23DK
¹ñ
,
εSTäafw-vkï^
v¿ÇISUVb
,
Ô/t
IFAP、FAW、FAAuvÇÈÉÊ,ø¿ñ¸¹
º|ZBÏÅÑöÄÅCDIJIWU
。
ÙJK
f
,^
¤¥
、
¦§H¨Imn
opqr´µqCDÑ#$ÏÐ
,
ç|
¡£H¨Ipqra¥S/CDèéIU³Z
^
。
klÔëEÀEXs¤
,
pÎYE
§:¥îïpÎ
,
úH§ÍY
、
H§ÍZ
,
L7¸[
;
ε\ò@
—
úIpqrk
l
,
@f
—
¢L]^
,
Ô_³I
[19]。
ðäaf
,
I¤¥¦§U³H¨I^
Ôb
,
H¨q¦§¤I²ÊºkÌ`^u
,
.¿^
¾ïîFAAÃ+。
a9CDèéNU³#$klI?@Ôó
b
,
åæa9cEI6²Ê|ÜCDèédTI
eMo²
,
ípβBU³klIã
o
[20];
%klIçãF
,
º|NOp^°±
q#$IfU
[21],
mnopqrg¾µ6
IôÉ
。
åæCD°±N-èéIhÕ¾ï
,
}_
I#$ãSCDISO2、NO2、O3
üý$IU³s"
,
OSÎXÀIJ
、
iÝ
Þ|ÜjkÝÞIfU
,
%ñIJwíq犉犃 c
EU³
。
pÎIÄÅCDf
,
#$ FAP、
FAW、FAAIÇÈÉÊNhÕCDèétÎ
uIÑö
。Velickovicß[22]WX#BIJKk
ï
,
¿Îð#lI¤¤¥Imnopq
r[qCDI³NpÎI
,
ø¿IôÀ犉犃
´µº|¾µðñ?TèéIU³
。
ÙJK¼
½f
,
FAW FAAWfSO2、NO2、
O3 PM10、PM2.5üý$Ë¥I¬yopÇÈ,&
&FAPWSO2 IË¥uvwxIA¬yy
z
。
ðGHºkåæfO3 PM10、PM2.5Ù
mq
IklU³Z
;
!ðGH}_CD
fI^
æ Nén!¬qpð
ICD
,
°INoâv^æE§kl%pîïI
J
,
%#$qSIpò¬qZ°,«Ë¥Z+µqr
îïIJVb
。
ýKozlovß[15]0123Bwk
ïFAWISs1vwxIyz。
CDqFAIU³,?@Nätùûu
$IÀv_8²PwIELxt
,
FAI
9:NELxtÀvIðï
[19]。
ÔN
,
y#$
ÛÜÖCDs¤
,
«ELxtÎI³
z
,
T.FA{>[16]。èm,^ FACD
µ
,
|#$
、
#$I|¸¹
、
ÙÚ|
Ü#$fíßÂvàænðoJK
;
ý|[ÄFA
4541 ! " # $ % & 36ó
W´µÝÞ$Iyzw{NFAE$I
y./
。
hBi}
,
pÎI}_CD°±4
,^
#$£¦§
、
£¤¥
、
£H¨Imno
pqr´µÌðIÉÊ
;
ÎðCD4pÎ$
Imnopqr´µwvZ^ÉÊ
;
£¦§I
mnopqrWfISO2 Ë¥stuvÇÈ
I¾oyz
。
~*#$Imnopqr´µqp
ÎCD°±uvÏÐIÑ
,
ÔÌ$IÉÊ
;
Î
µ#$Imnopqr´µSÎCDf
èéIhÕM
,
[ÄImnopqr´µW
f´µÝÞ$IyzwN¤àJKI
。
!S
:
[1] PALMERAR,STROBECKC.Fluctuatingasymmetryasa
measureofdevelopmentalstability:implicationofnonnormal
distributionsandpowerofstatisticaltests[J].犃犮狋犪犣狅狅犾狅犵犻犮犪
犉犲狀狀犻犮犪,1992,191:5772.
[2] FREEMANDC,GRAHAMJH,EMLENJM.Develop
mentalstabilityinplants:symmetries,stressandepigenesist
[J].犌犲狀犲狋犻犮犪,1993,89:97119.
[3] MOLLERAP,SWADDLEJP.Asymmetry,Developmental
Stability,andEvolution[M].NewYork:OxfordUniversity
Press.1997.
[4] GRAHAMJH,RAZS,HELORH,犲狋犪犾.Fluctuatinga
symmetry:methods,theory,andapplications[J].犛狔犿犿犲狋狉狔,
2010,2,466540;doi:10.3390/sym2020466.
[5] VELICKOVICM,PERISICS.Leaffluctuatingasymmetryof
commonplantainasanindicatorofhabitatquality[J].犘犾犪狀狋
犅犻狅狊狔狊狋犲犿狊,2006,140(2):138145.
[6] AMBORAPPER,LAJUSDL,SCHREIDER MJ.Heavy
metalimpactongrowthandleafasymmetryseagrass,犎犪犾狅
狆犺犻犾犪狅狏犪犾犻狊[J].犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳犈狀狏犻狉狅狀犿犲狀狋犪犾犆犺犲犿犻狊狋狉狔犪狀犱
犈犮狅狋狅狓犻犮狅犾狅犵狔,2011,3(6):149159.
[7] AMBORAPPER,LAJUSDL,SCHREIDERMJ.Transla
tionalfluctuatingasymmetryandleafdimensioninseagrass,
犣狅狊狋犲狉犪犮犪狆狉犻犮狅狉狀犻Aschersinagradientofheavymetals[J].
犈狀狏犻狉狅狀犿犲狀狋犪犾犅犻狅犻狀犱犻犮犪狋狅狉狊,2007,2(2):99116.
[8] MALTK,UVEGESJL,TURKKW.Fluctuatingasymme
tryasanecologicalindicatorofheavymetalstressin犔狔狋犺狉狌犿
狊犪犾犻犮犪狉犻犪[J].犈犮狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犾犐狀犱犻犮犪狋狅狉狊,2002,1(3):189195.
[9] KOZLOVMV,WILSEYBJ,HAUKIOJAE.Fluctuatinga
symmetryofbirchleavesincreasesunderpolutionimpact[J].
犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳犃狆狆犾犻犲犱犈犮狅犾狅犵狔,1996,33:14891495.
[10]
,Q.}_CDIJ4F4HklãoÜ
CD¸üfIJK
[J].EF%,2005,24(7):
719723.
ZHANGH,WANGXR.Leafdevelopmentstabilityof犘犾犪
狋犪狀狌狊犪犮犲狉犻犳狅犾犻犪underurbanenvironmentalstressanditsim
plicationforenvironmentalindicator[J].犆犺犻狀犲狊犲犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳
犈犮狅犾狅犵狔,2005,24(7):719723.
[11] WUYTACKT,WUYTSK,VANDS,犲狋犪犾.Theeffectof
airpolutionandotherenvironmentalstressorsonleaffluctu
atingasymmetryandspecificleafareaof犛犪犾犻狓犪犾犫犪L.[J].
犈犲狀狏犻狉狅狀犿犲狀狋犪犾犘狅犾犾狌狋犻狅狀,2011,159(10):24052411.
[12] RAZS,GRAHAMJH,HELORH,犲狋犪犾.Developmental
instabilityofvascularplantsincontrastingmicroclimatesat
‘EvolutionCanyon’[J].犅犻狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犾犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳狋犺犲犔犻狀狀犲犪狀
犛狅犮犻犲狋狔,2011,102(4):786797.
[13] CARRERASH,CANASMS,PIGNATAML.Differences
inresponsestourbanairpolutionsby犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿犾狌犮犻犱狌犿
Ait.and犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿犔狌犮犻犱狌犿 Ait.F.犜狉犻犮狅犾狅狉(Rehd.)Re
hd[J].犈狀狏犻狉狅狀犿犲狀狋犪犾犘狅犾犾狌狋犻狅狀,1996,93(2):211218.
[14] PALMERAR.FluctuatingAsymmetryAnalyses:aPrimer.
DevelopmentalInstability:ItsOriginsandEvolutionaryIm
plications[M].SpringerNetherlands,1994:335364.
[15] KOZLOVMV,NIEMEL?P,JUNTTILAJ.Needlefluctu
atingasymmetryisasensitiveindicatorofpolutionimpacton
Scotspine (犘犻狀狌狊狊狔犾狏犲狊狋狉犻狊)[J].犈犮狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犾犐狀犱犻犮犪狋狅狉狊,
2002,1:271277.
[16] KLISARICNB,MILJKOVIC' D,ARVAMOVS,犲狋犪犾.
Fluctuatingasymmetryin犚狅犫犻狀犻犪狆狊犲狌犱狅犪犮犪犮犻犪leavespossi
ble犻狀狊犻狋狌biomarker[J].犈狀狏犻狉狅狀犿犲狀狋犪犾犛犮犻犲狀犮犲犪狀犱犘狅犾犾狌
狋犻狅狀犚犲狊犲犪狉犮犺,2014,21(22):1292812940.
[17] SHADRINAE,VOL′PERTY,SOLDATOVAV,犲狋犪犾.E
valuationofenvironmentalconditionsintwocitiesofeastSi
beriausingbioindication methods (fluctuatingasymmetry
valueandmutagenicactivityofsoils)[J].犐狀狋犲狉狀犪狋犻狅狀犪犾犑狅狌狉
狀犪犾狅犳犅犻狅犾狅犵狔,2015,7(1):2032.
[18] RETTINGJE,FULLERRC,CORBETTAT.Fluctuating
asymmetryindicateslevelsofcompetitioninanevenaged
poplarclone[J].犗犻犽狅狊,1997,80:123127.
[19] QIJY,WANGY,YUT,犲狋犪犾.Auxindepletionfromleafpri
mordiacontributestoorganpatterning[J].犘狉狅犮犲犲犱犻狀犵狊狅犳狋犺犲
犖犪狋犻狅狀犪犾犃犮犪犱犲犿狔狅犳犛犮犻犲狀犮犲狊,2014,111(52):1876918774.
[20] VELICKOVIC M,TSAVIC.Patternsofleafasymmetry
changesin犘犾犪狀狋犪犵狅犿犪犼狅狉(ssp.major)naturalpopulations
exposedtodifferentenvironmentalconditions[J].犘犾犪狀狋犛狆犲
犮犻犲狊犅犻狅犾狅犵狔,2012,27:5968.
[21] PARSONSPA.Fluctuatingasymmetry:abiologicalmonitor
ofenvironmentalandgenomicstress[J].犎犲狉犲犱犻狋狔,1992,
68:361364.
[22] VELICˇKOVIC' M V.Reduceddevelopmentalstabilityin
犜犻犾犻犪犮狅狉犱犪狋犪leaves:effectsofdisturbedenvironment[J].
犘犲狉犻狅犱犻犮狌犿犅犻狅犾狅犵狅狉狌犿,2010,112(3):273281.
(
!"
:
#$%
)
55417l 9 :,ß:#$ImnopqrqÝÞI³Ü«¸ü½k