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Leaf Fluctuating Asymmetry in Response to Air Pollution and Indicator Function

植物叶的波动性不对称对空气污染的响应及其指示功能



全 文 :书!"#$%&
,2016,36(7):1450-1455
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犔犲犪犳犉犾狌犮狋狌犪狋犻狀犵犃狊狔犿犿犲狋狉狔犻狀犚犲狊狆狅狀狊犲狋狅
犃犻狉犘狅犾狌狋犻狅狀犪狀犱犐狀犱犻犮犪狋狅狉犉狌狀犮狋犻狅狀
SHIHui1,WUYunfei1,TANGZhanduo1,WANGHuixia1,2,WANGYanhui2
(1SchoolofEnvironmentalandMunicipalEngineering,XianUniversityofArchitectureandTechnology,KeyLaboratoryofEn
vironmentalEngineeringinShaanxiProvince,Xian710055;2InstituteofForestEcology,EnvironmentandProtection,Chinese
AcademyofForest,Beijing100091)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Thefluctuatingasymmetry(FA)ofbiologicaldevelopmentstabilityhasacloserelationshipwith
environmentalconditions.The犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿犾狌犮犻犱狌犿and犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻wereselectedasexperimentalmateri
als,whicharecommonlyurbangreeningtreespeciesinXi’an.Thematureleavesoftheseplantswere
sampledfrom9airenvironmentalmonitoringsites.Theleafhalfperimeter,halfwidth,andhalfareawere
measuredandtheeachFAwascalculated,whichtheveinissymmetryaxis.Theresponsecharacteristics
of2kindsleafFAtoenvrionmentalairconditionwereresearched,andthepotentialofleafFAasanair
qualityindicatorwasexplored.Thevaluesoffluctuatingasymmetryofperimeter,width,andarea(abbre
viatedasFAP,FAWandFAA,respectively)were0.051,0.063and0.082for犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿,respectively.
TheFAP,FAWandFAAof犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻were0.043,0.082and0.102,respectively.TheeachFAshowed
significantdifferencesbetweendifferentplantspeciessamplingsitesandenviromentalsites.Therewere
closerelationshipbetweentheFAPandairSO2concentrationsforeachplantspecies.TheleafFAhashigh
sensitivitytodifferentenvironmentalconditions,andithasthepotentialasabiologicalmonitoringindica
tor.However,thechoiceofsuitablespeciesformonitoring,leafcharacteristicindexes,thenumberof
samples,FAandcharacteristicsofpolutantsrelationsshouldfurtherresearch.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:leafblade;fluctuatingasymmetry;developmentstability;airpolution;environmentalquality
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QujiangPark,andGuangyuntan,respectively
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Shaanxi,China
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SO2 Ë¥Ã^[‰›/2Š‹ˆŒI43.91μg·
m-3,È[‰›/3Œ}I22.97μg·m
-3,
ï
ð23DKŽ‘¹ñ
(GB30962012)I@ò。
NO2 Ë¥Ã^[‰›/2Š‹ˆŒI83.64μg·
p1 q6rstu6rsbef、bcd、bhi7jk:vw
Table1 Thenormalitytestofhalfperimeter,halfwidthandhalfareafor犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿犾狌犮犻犱狌犿
Ait.and犔犻犵狌狊狋狉狌犿狇狌犻犺狅狌犻Carr.
ÚÚ
Parameter
^„…†犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿 ˆ„…†犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻
£¦§
Halfperimeter
£¤¥
Halfwidth
£H¨
Halfarea
£¦§
Halfperimeter
£¤¥
Halfwidth
£H¨
Halfarea
vu›Ù Number 393 393 393 401 401 401
AFÂ[NormalAv. 0.002 0.029 -0.054 -0.029 -0.008 -0.051
AF¹ñÉNormalSD 0.622 0.162 1.211 0.253 0.117 0.363
KS 0.586 0.740 0.766 0.998 1.1012 0.874
Asymp.Sig. 0.882 0.644 0.600 0.272 0.257 0.429
p2 xYWn>?@A5odyz_
Table2  Monthlyaverageconcentrationofairpolutantsindifferentsamplingsites
”›/
Samplingsite
ŽÝÞ$Ë¥~Â[ Monthlyaverageconcentrationofairpolutants/(μg·m-3)
SO2 NO2 CO
O3
1h³Â
1houraverage
8h³Â
8houraverage
PM2.5 PM10
1 30.21b 71.26c 43.07bc 30.87b 40.00ab 127.30b 123.82b
2 43.91a 83.64a 53.27a 37.44a 44.83a 127.64b 118.19b
3 22.97c 62.02c 47.28b 21.39c 29.19bc 117.61b 113.89bc
4 31.11b 61.63c 50.16a 32.89b 40.76ab 117.32b 125.10bc
5 34.24b 74.41b 48.27b 33.90b 41.35ab 101.38c 105.60c
6 30.96b 64.44c 48.16b 34.86b 41.24ab 139.00a 148.45a
7 35.28b 78.64ab 48.13b 33.32b 40.06ab 115.25b 122.56b
8 32.49b 58.05c 43.87bc 29.48bc 34.98b 129.60b 127.33b
9 36.19b 62.42c 42.29c 26.50c 33.22b 115.59b 120.58b
2541 ! " # $ % &                   36ó
m-3,È[‰›/8†‡I58.05μg·m
-3,
–›
/Üôõä23DKŽ‘¹ñfÂË¥
40μg·m
-3
I@ò

Ã^/Š‹ˆŒõ¹1ö;å
æNNO2 ÷NÝÞI¸ü$sð,ø¿÷NÝÞ
Nñ›/I?@ÝÞ_ù
。COË¥úú+æ2
3DK‘¹ñ

ÀÁN¹ñI4~10ö;O3 Ë¥
ïðDK‘¹ñ@ò

|PM2.5‰û¾Iüý
$Ë¥

úú+æDK‘¹ñIfÂ35μg·
m-3,N¹ñI3~4ö。pÎIÝÞ$Ë¥‹pÎ
I”›/st̋@ÇÈIÉÊ

¾2)。
2.3 ;mYWn6cd、efghi7犉犃{|
^„…†‡ˆ„…†„¤¥

¦§‡H¨Im
nopqr´µÍ¾3。qæ^„…†%þ,«„
¦§犉犃(FAP)Ã^[‰›/2(Š‹ˆŒ)I
0.067、È[‰›/3(Œ})I0.033,³Â‰
0.051,›/stuvÆÇÈIÉÊ(犘=0.004);«
„¤¥犉犃(FAW)Ã^[‰›/1(+‚y=)I
0.094、È[‰›/4(ˆ‰)I0.036,³Â‰
0.063,›/stwuvÆÇÈIÉÊ(犘=0.000);
«„H¨犉犃(FAA)Ã^[‰›/7(삌)I
0.140、È[‰›/9(ƒ„…)I0.046,³Â‰
0.082,›/stΛuvÆÇÈIÉÊ(犘=
0.000)。‹^„…†„I3p΄š犉犃´µÚ
Úf
,FAAI[Ã^,«²‰FAW,ȉFAP,
ԏ3¸¹stI¬yoªpÇÈ。
ε

q戄…†_ø

«„¦§犉犃Ã^I
‰›/5(_lˆ)I0.067、ÈI‰›/3(Œ
}

‡›/4(ˆ‰)I0.035,³Â‰0.045,›/
stuvÆÇÈIÉÊ
(犘=0.004);«„¤¥FA
Ã^I‰›/1(+‚y=)I0.109、ÈI‰›
/9(ƒ„…)I0.052,³Â‰0.082,›/stu
vÆÇÈIÉÊ
(犘=0.000);qæ„H¨犉犃Ã^
I‰›/1(+‚y=)I0.122、ÈI‰›/4

ˆ‰

I0.080,³Â‰0.102,›/stuvÆÇ
ÈIÉÊ
(犘=0.000)。‹ˆ„…†I3´µÚ
Úf

Λ¾ïîFAA Ã^,«²‰FAW,FAA
È

ÿPstI¬yyzΛpÇÈ

!"

q^„…†‡ˆ„…†IFAP、FAW ‡
FAAÿ¸¹n»˜q狋àd,kïFAP‡FAA
‹—$ƒtuvZ¿ÇÉÊ
(犘=0.079),%
FAW ‹$ƒstuvÇÈÉÊ(犘=0.047)。
|B¼½ø¿^„…†‡ˆ„…†„¤¥

¦
§‡H¨Imnopqr´µqŽCDÑ­#$
ÏÐ

ç|„ ¡£H¨Ipqra¥S›/CD
èéIU³Z^

—‚ƒ–FAÚÚqCDIÑ­
̋¿ÇÉÊ

ª|„¤¥pqra¥¾ïV¿Ç

2.4 6犉犃t>?}~€7L
q^„…†‡ˆ„…†„š FAP、FAW ‡
FAAÿ¸¹WÄÅ?@ŽÝÞ$Ë¥I¬y
on»ÀÌ

¾4),Ø%N^„…†ONˆ„…†,
&¦§ImnpqroFAP#WŽfSO2 IË
¥Î–5%ÇÈX³IA¬y,^ „…†IFAW
WŽfCOuv5%X³BI(¬y;«)¸¹
stI¬yyzÂpÇÈ

ÔA*+¥_,

FAPW^-ÚCDè$stI¬yo@+æFAW
‡FAA,ø¿ŽCDq„IU³,vºkq„¦
p3 ;mYWnq6rs、u6rs76bcd、befgbhi7犉犃{|
Table3 TheFAvalueofhalfperimeter,halfwidthandhalfareaabout犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿and犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻
fordifferentsamplingsites
”›/
Samplingsite
^„…†犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿 ˆ„…†犔.狇狌犻犺狅狌犻
FAP FAW FAA FAP FAW FAA
1 0.047±0.039b 0.094±0.063a 0.100±0.058b 0.037±0.026c 0.109±0.088a 0.122±0.107a
2 0.071±0.032a 0.048±0.031c 0.078±0.051c 0.062±0.040a 0.068±0.042c 0.088±0.081c
3 0.033±0.030c 0.059±0.037b 0.058±0.050d 0.035±0.024c 0.064±0.050c 0.106±0.055ab
4 0.036±0.033c 0.036±0.024d 0.075±0.052c 0.035±0.031c 0.077±0.072b 0.080±0.065c
5 0.052±0.037b 0.049±0.044c 0.066±0.049c 0.067±0.051a 0.093±0.068a 0.118±0.073a
6 0.067±0.059a 0.060±0.036b 0.109±0.071b 0.039±0.023c 0.096±0.060a 0.103±0.065b
7 0.069±0.038a 0.076±0.062ab 0.140±0.086a 0.039±0.025c 0.096±0.064a 0.105±0.065b
8 0.050±0.035b 0.063±0.045b 0.067±0.047c 0.042±0.036bc 0.081±0.069ab 0.093±0.068bc
9 0.067±0.063a 0.086±0.078a 0.046±0.031d 0.050±0.048b 0.052±0.040d 0.100±0.070b
³Â Average 0.051 0.063 0.082 0.043 0.082 0.102
.
:FAP、FAW‡FAAÀÁ¾ü„¦§、¤¥‡H¨IFA
Note:TheFAP,FAWandFAAisleaffluctuatingasymmetryofhalfperimeter,halfwidthandhalfarea,respectively
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Table4 ThecorrelationanalysisbetweenFAvalueandairenvironmentalquality
‚ƒ
Species
¸¹
Index SO2 NO2 CO
O31h³ÂË¥
O31houraverage
O38h³ÂË¥
O38houraverage PM2.5 PM10
^„…†
犔.犾狌犮犻犱狌犿
FAP 0.765 0.534 0.124 0.54 0.442 0.227 0.279
FAW -0.08 -0.007 -0.782 -0.328 -0.3 0.14 0.105
FAA 0.084 0.46 0.203 0.499 0.498 0.284 0.441
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