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作 者 ：王 丽,陈耀锋*,张月琴,杨德勇,王 娜

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2013年 5期 页码：1041~1046

关键词：小麦成熟胚；低温；植物生长调节剂；预处理；愈伤分化；

Keywords:wheat mature embryo, low temperature, plant growth regulator, pretreatment, callus differentiation,

摘 要 ：为提高小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的分化率,以3个黄淮麦区冬小麦品种（系）‘小偃22 ’、‘西农1013’和‘千斤早’为材料,研究了4 ℃低温和3种植物生长调节剂（TDZ、2,4-D、多效唑）预处理小麦种子对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织分化特性的影响。结果表明:4 ℃低温和植物生长调节剂预处理对小麦成熟胚出愈率无显著影响,但能够显著促进愈伤组织的分化,并表现出处理及基因型间差异。‘小偃22’、‘西农1013’、 ‘千斤早’感应低温预处理的最好时间节点分别为6 h、12 h、 12 h,其成熟胚愈伤组织的分化率比对照分别显著提高16.2%、14.2%、12.8%;3个材料分别在10 mg/L、5 mg/L、20 mg/L TDZ预处理下成熟胚愈伤组织分化率最高,比对照分别显著提高39.1%、29.7%、16.7%;3个材料的最佳2,4-D预处理浓度均为10 mg/L,其愈伤组织分化率分别比对照显著提高17.3%、11.2%、25.2%;3个材料的成熟胚愈伤组织分化率分别在10 mg/L、20 mg/L、20 mg/L多效唑预处理时最高,分别比对照显著提高6.2%、11.6%、7.2%。研究表明,低温和植物生长调节剂预处理均可有效提高小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的分化率,但促进植物生长的调节剂（TDZ和2,4-D）对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织再分化的效应远大于抑制植物生长的调节剂（多效唑）。

Abstract:In order to improve the differentiation frequency of wheat mature embryo calluses,we studied the effect of low-temperature and plant growth regulator (TDZ,2,4-D,paclobutrazol) pretreatment on wheat mature embryos differentiation.Three Huanghuai winter wheat varieites (or lines) ‘Qianjinzao’,‘Xiaoyan 22’ and ‘Xinong 1013’ were used as materials.The results indicated that low-temperature and plant growth regulator pretreatment have no significant effect on calluses induction,but have significant promotion of callus differentiation frequencies and showed distinct differences among different pretreatments and genotypes.Three genotypes had their highest callus differentiation frequencies of different hours of low temperature pretreatment.‘Xiaoyan 22’ was 6 h,‘Qianjinzao’ was 12 h and ‘Xinong 1013’ showed positive effects when the treatment lasted for 12 to 36 h,the differentiation frequencies were respectively 16.2%,12.8% and 14.2% significant higher than that of control.‘Xinong 1013’,‘Xiaoyan 22’ and ‘Qianjinzao’ were respectively reached their highest callus differentiation frequencies when the TDZ concentration were 5 mg/L,10 mg/L and 20 mg/L,the frequencies were 29.7%,39.1% and 16.7% significant higher than that of control.Three materials all reached their highest differentiation frequencies when 2,4-D was 10 mg/L.‘Xinong 1013’,‘Xiaoyan 22’ and ‘Qianjinzao’ were respectively showed 11.2%,17.3% and 25.2% significant higher than that of control.‘Xiaoyan 22’ reached its highest differentiation frequency when paclobutrazol was 10 mg/L,6.2% significant higher than that of control,‘Xinong 1013’ and ‘Qianjinzao’ reached their highest differentiation frequencies when paclobutrazol was 20 mg/L,respectively 11.6% and 7.2% significant higher than that of control.Thus the low temperature-pretreatment and plant growth regulator can improve differentiation frequencies effectively,and the effect of plant growth regulators (TDZ and 2,4-D) which can prompt plant growth on wheat mature embryos re-differentiation shows higher than that of negative one（paclobutrazol）.

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