摘 要 ：为了解不同基质与菌剂或微生物有机肥互作对黄瓜幼苗生长和抗枯萎病的影响,以易感枯萎病黄瓜品种‘津研四号’为试材,采用成品育苗基质、草炭-醋糟（体积比1∶1）及草炭-蛭石（体积比1∶1）3种基质育苗,并在基质中分别添加微生物有机肥(Ba)、混合菌剂E和单一菌剂B006处理,成苗后定植到成品基质中,并接种枯萎病病菌进行处理。结果表明:3种育苗基质中添加适量的Ba、B006和E均能不同程度促进黄瓜幼苗生长和提高叶绿素含量,且以成品基质中添加微生物制剂效果最好,其中:添加30 g Ba处理幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、根体积是成品基质空白对照的1.07、1.09、1.50、1.30倍,幼苗地上鲜重、地上和地下干重分别是对照的1.28、1.41和1.34倍;E10处理的幼苗Chl a、Chl b和叶绿素总量的含量分别是成品对照的1.81、1.93和1.83倍。添加Ba、B006和E均提高了根围与根际中细菌和放线菌数量,降低枯萎病病菌数量,其中:添加B006能使根围和根际中细菌和放线菌的数量达到对照的2.10倍、1.96倍和2.32倍、1.92倍,而添加B006后植株根围、根际中枯萎病病菌的数量仅为对照中的19.05%和41.00%;添加B006和Ba能使枯萎病发病率比对照降低37.0%和25.0%。研究表明,在成品基质育苗中,添加30～40 g微生物有机肥Ba,可提高黄瓜幼苗质量;定植后添加适量Ba或B006,可提高黄瓜植株枯萎病抗性。
Abstract:In order to understand the interaction of different microbial agents and microbial organic fertilizer,we selected susceptible wilt cucumber cultivar ‘Jinyan 4’ as the test materials.The cucumber seeds were sowed into three different seedling substrates:commodity matrix,peat-vinegar residue (volume ratio of 1∶1) and peat-vermiculite (volume ratio 1∶1),which were added “bio-organic fertilizer” (Ba),the mixed microbial agents E and the single agent B006,respectively.Then the 28 days aged seedlings were transplanted to the commodity matrix and were infected with wilt pathogen.The results showed that appropriate amount of Ba,B006 and E in all substrates could improve the cucumber seedling’s growth and chlorophyll contents.And adding microbial agents in commodity matrix was the best.Commodity matrix with 30 g Ba the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,root volume of cucumber seedling was 1.07,1.09,1.50 and 1.30 time of CK,and the stem and leaf fresh weight,stem and leaf dry weight and root dry weight was 1.28,1.41 and 1.34 time of CK.Commodity matrix with 10 g E,the contents of Chl a,Chl b and total Chl of cucumber seedlings was 1.81,1.93 and 1.83 time of CK.Ba,B006 and E could improve the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the bulk and rhizosphere but reduce the number of wilt pathogen.Substrate with B006,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in bulk and rhizosphere substrate was 2.10,1.96,2.32 and 1.92 time of CK,in separately,and the number of pathogenic bacteria in bulk and rhizosphere only 19.05% and 41.00% as controls.Adding B006 and Ba wilt incidence was reduced by 37.00% and 25.00% compared to the control,respectively.The results showed that commodity matrix with 30～40 g Ba is effective in improving the quality of seedlings and adding right amount of Ba or B006 could improve plant disease resistance in growing stage.