全 文 :书犇犗犐:10.11686/犮狔狓犫20150406 犺狋狋狆://犮狔狓犫.犾狕狌.犲犱狌.犮狀
侯钰荣,安沙舟.不同刈割强度下伊犁绢蒿体内可溶性糖的变化及其地上与地下营养物质的关系.草业学报,2015,24(4):4856.
HouYR,AnSZ.Temporalvariationofwatersolublecarbohydratein犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲underdifferentmowingintensitiesandithowto
transferduringseasonalchange.ActaPrataculturaeSinica,2015,24(4):4856.
不同刈割强度下伊犁绢蒿体内可溶性糖的
变化及其地上与地下营养物质的关系
侯钰荣,安沙舟
(新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐830052)
摘要:伊犁绢蒿是新疆蒿属荒漠草地常见的草地建群种之一,春季担负着家畜体膘的恢复和产羔育幼,秋季家畜要
在该草地上贮存更多的能量和为繁衍下一代而进行配种。以蒿属荒漠草地为基础,以伊犁绢蒿为研究对象,结合
野外定点取样,分析了伊犁绢蒿根、茎、叶中可溶性糖含量在不同刈割强度下随时间的动态变化,同时,在数据分析
的基础上,明确了伊犁绢蒿秋季和春季营养物质贮存和消耗始期,并对不同刈割强度下伊犁绢蒿秋季根中可溶性
糖的贮存量与来年春季植物体萌发消耗碳水化合物量之间的关联性做出判断。结果表明,根部可溶性糖含量在10
月15日前后完成积累,在来年植株返青时,地下(根部)的营养物质就开始消耗,向地上运输,供植株返青和生长。
C2 处理不仅在秋季可溶性糖积累最高,而且在来年春季植株返青生长后在体内仍然能保持一个较高的水平,C0 处
理在秋季或春季植株体内可溶性糖含量在4个处理中总最低,直接影响株体越冬和次年返青。这表明不刈割并不
是牧草最好的恢复方式,适度刈割有利于牧草的生长和体内可溶性糖的循环利用,但C0 只能使植株处于劣势或死
亡。
关键词:刈割;可溶性糖;动态变化;地上与地下;伊犁绢蒿
犜犲犿狆狅狉犪犾狏犪狉犻犪狋犻狅狀狅犳狑犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犻狀犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲狌狀犱犲狉
犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犿狅狑犻狀犵犻狀狋犲狀狊犻狋犻犲狊犪狀犱犻狋犺狅狑狋狅狋狉犪狀狊犳犲狉犱狌狉犻狀犵狊犲犪狊狅狀犪犾犮犺犪狀犵犲
HOUYuRong,ANShaZhou
犆狅犾犾犲犵犲狅犳犌狉犪狊狊犾犪狀犱犪狀犱犈狀狏犻狉狅狀犿犲狀狋犛犮犻犲狀犮犲,犡犻狀犼犻犪狀犵犃犵狉犻犮狌犾狋狌狉犪犾犝狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔,犓犲狔犔犪犫狅狉犪狋狅狉狔狅犳犌狉犪狊狊犾犪狀犱犚犲狊狅狌狉犮犲狊犪狀犱
犈犮狅犾狅犵狔狅犳犡犻狀犼犻犪狀犵,犝狉狌犿狇犻830052,犆犺犻狀犪
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲isoneofacommonconstructivespeciesofsagebrushdesertinXinjiang,
whichisresponsibleforlivestockrecoverybodyfat,lambing,nurtureyounginspringpastureandstoragenext
generationinautumnpasture.Thepaperanalyzedthewatersolublecarbohydratedynamicchangeinroots,
stems,andleavesof犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲indifferentmowingintensitiesbasedonthesagebrushdesertandfieldpo
sitionalsampling.Meanwhile,basedontheanalysisfordata,thebeginningstageofnutrientstorageandcon
sumptionof犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲madeclear,butalso,therelevancewasjudgedbetweenwatersolublecarbohydrate
storageamountinautumnrootandplantconsumedcarbohydrateforgerminationincomingyear.Theresults
showedthat,thecontentofwatersolublecarbohydrateinrootsfinishedtheaccumulationonOct.15.When
theplantsarebeginningturninggreeninthecomingyear,watersolublecarbohydratestoredinrootstrans
第24卷 第4期
Vol.24,No.4
草 业 学 报
ACTAPRATACULTURAESINICA
2015年4月
April,2015
Submitteddate收稿日期:20130624;Accepteddate改回日期:20140711
Fundprojects:Theresearchfundforthedoctoralprogramofhighereducation(20070758002).
Author:HOUYurong(1982),female,assistantresearcher.Email:houyurong0994@126.com
Correspondingauthor通讯作者.Email:xjasz@126.com
ferredfrombelowgroundbacktoabovegroundautomaticaly,whichprovidingnutrientstoturninggreenand
regrowth.WatersolublecarbohydrateofC2treatmentwasdifferentcomparingtoothers,itnotonlyhada
highestsugaraccumulationinautumnandmaintainedahighercontentafterplantsturninggreenandregrowth
incomingyear,watersolublecarbohydratecontentofC0treatmentalwaysthelowestoneregardlessofinau
tumnorinspring,metabolism wasmildrecessioninplantsbodyandmaintainingitslifereluctantly.Non
mowingisnotthebestrecoverymethod,thisexplainedthatmoderatemowingisadvantageoustoforagegrass
growthandrecycling.ButC0evenpresentedinferiorstrengthandthedeath.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:mowing;watersolublesugar;dynamicchange;abovegroundandbelowground;犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀
狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲
Carbohydrateismajorphotosynthateinplants.Theearliestclassificationofcarbohydratesbyconventional
analysismethodsonforagewasstructuralcarbohydrates(SC)andnonstructuralcarbohydrate(NSC)[1].Non
structuralcarbohydratesaresourcesofreadilyavailableenergyforcontinuedplantgrowthandsurvival[2].
Sincecarbohydratemetabolismisoneofbasicmetaboliccoursesinplantbody,therehavebeenquiteafew
studiesdealingwiththemechanismsofhowNSCmetabolismrespondtothechangesofclimatefactor[38].
ThereisampleevidencethattheavailabilityofNSCintemperategrasses,comprisingwatersolublecarbohy
drate(WSC)andstarch[9].Intemperategrassforages,glucose,fructose,sucroseandfructanaretheprimary
WSC[10].
Storagecarbohydrateconcentrationsinplantsareconstantlychanging,afunctionofphotosynthesisonthe
onehand,andutilizationforgrowthanddevelopmentontheother.Thisresultsindiurnalvariationsinstorage
carbohydrates,withconcentrationstendingtoriseduringthemorning,reachmaximaintheafternoon,andde
clineovernight[4,5,11].Therearealsoseasonalvariationsinthestoragecarbohydratecontentofgrassesandleg
umesassociatedwithvaryingenergydemandsatdifferentstagesofgrowth,withconcentrationsbeinghighest
inlatespring,lowestinmidseason,andintermediateinautumn[3].
Thereweremanyreportsonwatersolublecarbohydrate,simplyenumeratedsomeasfolows:perennial
ryegrass(犔狅犾犻狌犿狆犲狉犲狀狀犲)cultivarswithincreasedwatersolublecarbohydrate(WSC)concentrationsweree
valuatedundercontroledenvironmentconditions[12].However,theeffectoftetraploidyonWSCconcentra
tionswasdependentonthegeneticbackgroundofthecultivars,tetraploidysignificantlyincreasedtheWSC
concentrationandbyimplicationthenutritivevalueofacultivarderivedfromaperennialryegrasscultivarwith
standardWSCconcentrations[13].StemWSCareimportantplanttraitsinfluencinggrainyieldsinwheat.How
ever,thetraitsregulating WSCstorage,particularlyunderdifferentnitrogen (N)levelsarepoorlyad
dressed[14].Toidentifywhetherthetotalamountofcarbohydrateintheplantmightbelimitingseedyield,and
thecontributionofvegetativeandreproductivetissuestoseedyield,thepatternofaccumulationofWSCand
theirremobilisationwasinvestigatedinfieldgrownperennialryegrassplants.Tilersweresampledfromearly
heademergencethroughtoharvest.AmountsofWSCinleafblades,leafsheaths,internodesandreproductive
headsofthetilersweremeasuredintwoways.Firstly,WSCwereestimatedindirectlybychangesintissue
dryweight.ThesechangeswerethenusedtodetermineanyapparenttranslocationofWSCfromvegetativetis
suestothedevelopingseed.Secondly,WSCconcentrationwasmeasureddirectly.Lowmolecularweightand
highmolecularweightWSCwereextractedfromvegetativeandreproductivetissuesandtheconcentrations
quantifiedusingacolorimetricanthroneassay[15].
Ingrasslandecosystem,grazingandmowingaretwomajorutilizationways.Therehavebeenmanystud
iesontheeffectsofmowingandgrazingoncarbohydratemetabolisms.Oliveira犲狋犪犾[16]experimentsuggested
94第4期 侯钰荣 等:不同刈割强度下伊犁绢蒿体内可溶性糖的变化及其地上与地下营养物质的关系
thatinredraspberryplantsgrownunderpoorenvironmentalconditions,currentyieldisreducedbutthereise
noughcarbohydrateaccumulationtosupportnextyear’sgrowth.Huntington& Burns[17]concludethatin
creasednonstructuralcarbohydratecontentofthePMharvestofthesegrassesstoredasbaleagecausedin
creasedvoluntaryintakeandimproveduseofdietaryNbybeefsteers.Aftergrazingormowingtheforagecon
tentsofWSCchangesasacurve“U”,mowingoftenmakeitscontentsmaintainsratherlow[18].Frequently
mowingcontainsverylowerlever,andthesecondcrop’sWSCislowerthanthefirstcrop’s[19].Buttodate,
peopleareuncertainabouthowthespringgreenupandregrowthofgrassesarerelatedtotemporaldynamicsof
carbohydratecontentsinplantbodyespecialyunderthestressofmowingandgrazing[20].Theseasonalchanges
ofWSCandsucrosecontentsof犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲showedanupdownupdowntrendbetween4thMayand14th
November[21].Therecoveryeffectofnutritionsubstancewasbetterunderthemoderatedefoliationandmiddle
defoliationsuggestingthatthemoderatedefoliationmaybehelpfultotheaccumulationofsolubleproteins,sol
ublesugar,deoxidizingsugarandstarch,andpromotedregenerationof犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲[22].Thechangetrendof
theWSCandstarchisoppositeintherootsof犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲.Beforethenutritionsubstanceaccumulates(15
September)itpresentsacomplementarystatebutstarchcontentishigherthanWSC[23].
Thepaperisaimedtostudy:1)ThetemporalvariationsofWSCinleaves,shoots,androotsandtheirre
sponsestodifferentdisturbanceintensityofmowing.2)ThediscrepancyofWSCconcentrationincertainpart
oftheplantingrowingseason.3)ThelinksbetweenconversionofWSCinabovegroundpartsandbelowground
partsoftheplant.Basedontheabovementionedinformation,wetrytoascertainthesignificancesofcarbohy
dratereserveforthegrowthandsurvivaloftheplant.
1 犕犪狋犲狉犻犪犾狊犪狀犱犿犲狋犺狅犱狊
1.1 犘犾犪狀狋犿犪狋犲狉犻犪犾狊犪狀犱狊犻狋犲犱犲狊犮狉犻狆狋犻狅狀
犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲isaperennialcompositateplantspecies,itsdistributioncenterisinthenortherregionof
XinjianginChina,includingthepedimentaluvialplainandfoothilsregionofJunggarbasin,Ilivaley,Bole
valey,Tachengvaley,thealtituderangeis500-1400m.Theplantishighlytoleranttodrought,so,ithasa
higherfeedingvalue,anditisalsothecommunityconstructivespeciesorthejointlyconstructionspeciesindes
ertinXinjiang.Thesagebrushdesertcomposedby犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲ismajorinspringfalpastureandwinter
springpasture,ithasanimportantroleinXinjiang’sanimalhusbandry.
TheexperimentwascarriedoutinUrumqi,Xinjiang(87°46′-87°47′E,43°53′-43°49′N),andsituated
acrossthenorthwestslopeofBogdaMountain.Thetopographyisdominatedbylowfoothilswithanelevation
of840-1110m,themainsoiltypeisbrowncalcicsoil.Theareahasatypicalmiddletemperatearidcontinen
talclimate,withanannualmeanairtemperatureof2-6℃,andafrostfreeperiodofabout185days.Theac
cumulatedannualsunshinehoursismorethan2700hours,andtheannualcoldesttemperatureis-32.9℃.
Annualmeanprecipitationis250-300mm,whileitdoesnotdistributehomogeneousinfourseasons.
1.2 犛犪犿狆犾犻狀犵狆狉狅犮犲犱狌狉犲
InlateMayof2007,weselectedandthenenclosedaterrainflat,uniform犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲predominantsite
asexperimentalplot.Theplotwasabout800m2,withintheplot,20experimentalquadrats,each4m×5min
area,andguardrow,besidequadrats,each0.5m,weresetup.Thefourvertexesofeachexperimentalquad
ratwerepeggedwithwoodenpegs,andacottonthreadwasfastenedtothefourvertexpegs,todelimitthe
quadrat.Fourdifferentmowingregimes,includingcontrolwereimposeduponalthe20experimentalquad
rats.Themowingregimeswereimposedat3intensitiesandmowingonceonSeptember26in2007,mowing
twiceayearin2008and2009,thefirstisinlatespringApril27in2008andMay2in2009,thesecondisinlate
05 草 业 学 报 第24卷
falOctober23in2008andSeptember28in2009:1)theleavesandstemswerecutto0cmhighleft.2)the
leavesandstemswerecutto2cmhighleft.3)theleavesandstemswerecutto5cmhighleft.Althe20quad
ratswilthenberandomlyassignedtothefolowingtreatments,5foreach:Intact,asacontrol(CK);Subject
tocutto0cmhighleft(C0);Subjecttocutto2cmhighleft(C2);Subjecttocutto5cmhighleft(C5).The
datesofthesemowingtimesareshownas“+”,andshownsamplingtimeas“#”inTable1.
表1 样方设置
犜犪犫犾犲1 犜犺犲狇狌犪犱狉犪狋狊犪狊狊犻犵狀犿犲狀狋
日期
Dates
处理Treatments
CK C0 C2 C5
样品
Samplings
日期
Dates
处理Treatments
CK C0 C2 C5
样品
Samplings
日期
Dates
处理Treatments
CK C0 C2 C5
样品
Samplings
2007
Sep.26 + + +
2008
Apr.1 #
2009
Apr.1 #
Oct.17 # Apr.27 + + + May2 + + +
May15 # May15 #
Jun.15 # Jun.15 #
Jul.15 # Jul.15 #
Aug.15 # Aug.15 #
Sep.15 # Sep.15 #
Oct.15 Sep.28 + + +
Oct.23 + + + Oct.15 #
Nov.15 #
Althetreatmentsweremowedatthesameday,3hourswilavailable(shownas“+”inTable1),and
thesamplingfrequencyis30days(shownas“#”inTable1)andthefirstsamplingtimewasApril1in2008
and2009.Altheexpirment’sfirstsamplingtimewasOctober17in2007,so,each5quadrateswilbesam
pledatatimeasreplicates.Whensampling,thequadratswereexcavatedoutto0.2mdeepwithalthe
abovegroundleavesandstems,andtheroots,whichwouldbetakenintolaboratoryafterabandoningearth.
Theleavesandstemsoneachearthcorewereclippedoffuntilonlyrootswereleft,separatedtheleaves
andstemscompletely,andrinshedawaytheearthuponroots.Foreachsample,leaves,stems,androotswere
dryingseparatelyat60℃for48hours,then,thedriedsamplesarecrushedandpassedtheparts(leaves,stems
androots)oftheplantthroughasievewhichwith0.4mmitem.Watersolublecarbohydrateconcentrationsin
differentpartsoftheplantweredeterminedwithAnthronemethod,andreplicating3timesforeachtreat
ments.ANOVAwasusedtodetectdifferencesamongtreatmentsintemporaldynamicsofwatersolublesugar
contents.
1.3 犇犪狋犪狆狉狅犮犲狊狊犻狀犵
UsingExcel2007tostatisticandanalyzeddata,whenaltheresultswerequantified,andanalyzedby
SPSS15.0statisticalanalysissoftwareandcomparedthesignificancetestindifferenttreatments,finaly,
drawingwithOrigin8.0.
2 犚犲狊狌犾狋狊
2.1 犠犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀犮犲狀狋狉犪狋犻狅狀狊犻狀犾犲犪狏犲狊
FromFigure1andFigure2,weknewleavesexhibitedalawasincreased→continuingincreased→reached
thehighestlevel→decreased→continuingdecreasedin2008and2009.
Thewatersolublecarbohydrateinleavessampledfrom1Aprilto15Junewerenotsignificantlydifferent
15第4期 侯钰荣 等:不同刈割强度下伊犁绢蒿体内可溶性糖的变化及其地上与地下营养物质的关系
amongtreatmentsin2008,probablytheplanthadnotrespondedtomowingyet.From15Julyto15Septem
ber,thedifferenceinwatersolublecarbohydrateconcentrationsforalthetreatmentskeptincreasing,water
solublecarbohydrateconcentrationsofC2washigherthanthatofothertreatmentsintwodifferentyears.On
15Septemberin2008,inthefourtreatments,onlybetweenC0andCK,C2,C5hasaslightdifference(犘<
0.05).On15Septemberin2009,thefourtreatmentsalhasasignificantdifference(犘<0.01),andthewater
solublecarbohydrateconcentrationswerethelowest.On15October,therehadnoleavesleft,becauseofthe
coldweather,so,thereisnodatadisplayinFigure2andFigure3.
图1 2008年不同刈割强度叶中可溶性碳水化合物含量
犉犻犵.1 犜犺犲犮犺犪狀犵犲狅犳狑犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀狋犲狀狋犻狀
犾犲犪狏犲狊狅狀犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犿狅狑犻狀犵犻狀狋犲狀狊犻狋犻犲狊犻狀2008
图2 2009年不同刈割强度叶中可溶性碳水化合物含量
犉犻犵.2 犜犺犲犮犺犪狀犵犲狅犳狑犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀狋犲狀狋犻狀
犾犲犪狏犲狊狅狀犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犿狅狑犻狀犵犻狀狋犲狀狊犻狋犻犲狊犻狀2009
Differentsmalandcapitallettersmeansignificantdifferenceat犘<0.05and犘<0.01,respectively.Thesamebelow.
2.2 犠犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀犮犲狀狋狉犪狋犻狅狀狊犻狀狊狋犲犿狊
Stemspresentedincreased→continuingincreased→reachedthehighestlevel→decreased→continuingde
creased→continuingdecreased→increased→decreased(Figure3andFigure4).Thewatersolublecarbohydrate
contentinstemssampledfrom1Aprilto15Juneweresimilartoleavesinfourtreatmentsin2008,inleaves
andstems,watersolublecarbohydrateconcentrationsalofC2 washigherthanothertreatments,andwater
solublecarbohydrateconcentrationsinstemshigherthaninleavesunderthesametreatmentsexcept15Mayof
2008.On15October,thewatersolublecarbohydrateconcentrationsofalthetreatmentsalsoreachedamuch
higherlevel.On15Novemberin2008,thewatersolublecarbohydrateconcentrationsofalthetreatments
reachedthelowerlevelthan15October,probablybecausetherewasamowingon15Octoberandtheweather
hadchangedcold.On15Novemberin2009,snowwastoothicktosampled.
2.3 犠犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀犮犲狀狋狉犪狋犻狅狀狊犻狀狉狅狅狋狊
AsisshowninFigure5[23]andFigure6,rootsandstemshadasamechangelaw,from1Aprilto15July
in2008,thedifferencesbetweenthewatersolublecarbohydrateconcentrationsofthefourtreatmentsarenot
significant,theeffectsofmowingmighthavenotbeendisplayedinthisperiod,butalthetreatmentswere
similarinthe“rising”temporaldynamicpatterninwatersolublecarbohydrateconcentrationsinroots.From15
Augustin2008to15Octoberin2009,thetreatmentsbegantodifferinwatersolublecarbohydrateconcentra
tionsinroots,however,thewatersolublecarbohydratesampledon15Septemberin2008,thewatersoluble
carbohydrateconcentrationswasverylowintheexperimentandthedifferenceonlybetweenC2andCK (犘<
0.05).C2reachedthehighestlevelon15OctoberandtherewasasignificantdifferenceinC0,C2,C5andCK
25 草 业 学 报 第24卷
(犘<0.01)inthetwoyears,buton15Novemberin2008,therewasasharplydeclininginwatersolublecarbo
hydrateconcentrationsinthefourtreatments.Intheyearof2009,exceptingsampledon1April,watersoluble
carbohydratehadasignificantdifferencebetweenC2andCK,C5,C0(犘<0.01),ontheothersampleddates,
thedifferencebetweenfourtreatmentshadasamelevel.
图3 2008年不同刈割强度茎中可溶性碳水化合物含量
犉犻犵.3 犜犺犲犮犺犪狀犵犲狅犳狑犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀狋犲狀狋
犻狀狊狋犲犿狊狅狀犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犿狅狑犻狀犵犻狀狋犲狀狊犻狋犻犲狊犻狀2008
图4 2009年不同刈割强度茎中可溶性碳水化合物含量
犉犻犵.4 犜犺犲犮犺犪狀犵犲狅犳狑犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀狋犲狀狋
犻狀狊狋犲犿狊狅狀犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犿狅狑犻狀犵犻狀狋犲狀狊犻狋犻犲狊犻狀2009
图5 2008年不同刈割强度根中可溶性碳水化合物含量
犉犻犵.5 犜犺犲犮犺犪狀犵犲狅犳狑犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀狋犲狀狋
犻狀狉狅狅狋狊狅狀犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犿狅狑犻狀犵犻狀狋犲狀狊犻狋犻犲狊犻狀2008
图6 2009年不同刈割强度根中可溶性碳水化合物含量
犉犻犵.6 犜犺犲犮犺犪狀犵犲狅犳狑犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀狋犲狀狋
犻狀狉狅狅狋狊狅狀犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犿狅狑犻狀犵犻狀狋犲狀狊犻狋犻犲狊犻狀2009
2.4 犠犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲狋狉犪狀狊犳犲狉犱狌狉犻狀犵狊犲犪狊狅狀犪犾犮犺犪狀犵犲
Conversionofwatersolublecarbohydratein犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲storageorganschangesintheautumnand
spring,inthelateautumn,thetemperaturegoesdown,plantstorageorganscouldaccumulatewatersoluble
carbohydrateforoverwintering,butwhenspringiscoming,theportionsofcarbohydratewilbetransferredto
abovegroundusingturninggreenfromstorageorgans.Differentmowingintensitiescouldalterturninggreen
results(Figure7,Figure8).ThemarkedaccumulationofwatersolublecarbohydrateconcentrationofC2treat
menton15October,2008and2009,C0isthelowest.ButtheraiseobviouslyisC2treatmentin1April,2009,
too,itreached2.87%,thereonly1.06% watersolublecarbohydratewasretainedinroots,othersaltrans
ferredtoaboveground.Itmeanshigherrateofwatersolublecarbohydratetransportationfromstoragetoleaves
oftheplants.
35第4期 侯钰荣 等:不同刈割强度下伊犁绢蒿体内可溶性糖的变化及其地上与地下营养物质的关系
图7 2007和2008年不同刈割强度根中
可溶性碳水化合物含量
犉犻犵.7 犠犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀犮犲狀狋狉犪狋犻狅狀狊
犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀犻狀狉狅狅狋狊
图8 2008和2009年不同刈割强度根中
可溶性碳水化合物含量
犉犻犵.8 犠犪狋犲狉狊狅犾狌犫犾犲犮犪狉犫狅犺狔犱狉犪狋犲犮狅狀犮犲狀狋狉犪狋犻狅狀狊
犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀犻狀狉狅狅狋狊
3 犇犻狊犮狌狊狊犻狅狀
图9 2008和2009年各月降雨量
犉犻犵.9 犜犺犲狆狉犲犮犻狆犻狋犪狋犻狅狀狅犳2008犪狀犱2009
Correlationsolublecarbohydratecontentsare
studiedunderdifferentmowingintensities.Therate
ofsolublecarbohydrateusefromrootstoaboveground
oftheplantalterthisconcentration.Inthefour
treatments,thehighestcontentofsolublecarbohy
drateisnotCKfromoverwinteringtoturngreen,
butitisC2,thelowesttreatmentisC0(InC0treat
ment,rootshavebeennonewbudandnogreenleav
esundergroundandsurfaceofearth,onlyleftdead
woodofpastyearabovegroundinspring2008and
2009).Theresultsuggestedthat:properlymowing
makesolublecarbohydratehavesomeimproving.
Thefolowingsaresimilarresultsinotherspecies:1)WANG犲狋犪犾[24]confirmedthatthecorrelationlevelbe
tweenregrowthandsolublecarbohydratepoolsof犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪犳狉犻犵犻犱犪underlightgrazingwashigherthanthat
undernograzing,butthecorrelationofthatunderheavygrazingwaslowerthanthatundernograzing.2)
WSCcontentsofrhizomedecreasedwiththehighercuttingrate[25].3)Afterdefoliation,theWSCpools(WSC
contents×biomass)ofdefoliation1/4increase,thatofdefoliation3/4reversed.ThechangeofWSCpoolshad
thesametrendwithregrowth.Therefore,WSCpoolscouldindicatetheabilityofregrowth[26].4)Thecontent
ofwatersolublecarbohydrateinbasestemof犘狌犮犮犻狀犲犾犾犻犪狋犲狀狌犻犳犾狅狉犪waslowestatthebeginningofgrowthperi
od,thenitincreasedgradualywiththeseasons.ProperstockingrateswerefavorablefortheincreaseofWSC
andcouldacceleratetheregrowthofherbage[27].5)Properstockingrateswerefavorablefortheincreaseof
WSCcontent,andcouldacceleratetheregrowthcapabilityoftheherbage[28].
SeeingfromWSCcontentsseasonalchangeofleaves,stems,androotsin犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲,thetrendofthe
fourtreatmentswassimilar,onlyWSCcontentundereachmowingintensitywashighorlow,namely,mowing
intensitiesonlychangedtheWSCcontents,didn’tchangetheWSCchangetrend.
Theprecipitationsituationof2008and2009isinFigure9,itmaybeseenfromthegraphthattheprecipi
45 草 业 学 报 第24卷
tationofeachmonthin2008waslessthanin2009,thisimpliesthattheweatherwasmuchmoredroughtin
2008thanin2009,combiningwiththeWSCcontentsintheexperiment,itwasnotdifficulttorecognizethat
WSCcontentsinleaves,stemsandrootswereallowerin2008thanin2009,itwasshownthattheprecipitati
onwouldaffectWSCcontents,thereisanintimateconnectionbetweentheWSCcontentofplantandannual
precipitation.Carbohydratesareenergysourcesforthecelandcarbonframeworksformaintenanceofplasmic
membraneintegrity[2930].PlantsvarydiurnalyinconcentrationsofWSCbecausetheexportofphotosynthate
doesnotkeeppacewiththerateofcarbonfixationduringthephotoperiod.Thisiswhythegreatestconcentra
tionsofWSChavebeenobservedinforagescutinlateafternoon[31].Generaly,warmseasongrasses(C4)have
lowerNSCcontentsthancoolseasonspecies(C3)[32].Becausethereisnoselflimitingmechanismforthepro
ductionoffructaninC3species,highconcentrationsofitcanaccumulate[8].
Inthisstudy,thefourtreatments(CK,C5,C2,C0)canbegeneralyregardedasrepresentativeoffour
degreesofmowingpressureincreasingfromCKtoC0Thiscanbeverifiedfromsimilarcasestudiesandattribu
tedtothechangeinmowingpolicyinthestudyarea[9]confirmedthatthemarkedreductionofWSCconcentra
tioninthecontrolinastageofrapidgrowthwasattributedtohighergrowthrateandthushigherrespiration
rateinthecarbonmetabolismofleaves,whileWSCconcentrationsindefoliationtreatmentswerelessreduced
orincreasedunderfrequentdefoliation,mainlyduetoreductionoftotalrespirationwithleafloss.
犚犲犳犲狉犲狀犮犲狊:
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65 草 业 学 报 第24卷