免费文献传递   相关文献

Effect of Ice and Snow Damage on Seedling Regeneration in Jiulianshan Mountain

冰雪灾害对九连山常绿阔叶林幼苗更新的影响



全 文 :!"#$%&
 2011,24(4):481 487
ForestResearch
  
!"#$
:10011498(2011)04048107
_`aRêbc¶.de&fghi5ìí
•–—

˜™P
,
N%š

›
 
œ


 
ž

56!"=$

56
 100083)
ABCD
:20101121
EFGH

n¡]÷UÁpm_œrZfg%&‡ÿÈMQ

(+#fdCGH
(2008BADB0B05)
PQRS

D±™

EY

[\%&]^

m”Í~K
.Email:msy709394@163.com
/PQ:¼²¾,XY,ÿÑp.[\%&]^:m”Í~K.Email:hou_jihua@yahoo.com.cn
89

~½ŠHà†PiAS`!%&z<

zäø!¾‡l!¾ží`u…ô

Í~Kä“L%&

—˜Ô
äøùz½ŠHiAS`!`uÄ­÷ø

%&™š›œ
:(1)`
u|@.×F!¾Øꬵé=
;(2)
½-
`uF!¾0\Ÿ=½l!¾

À-`uFl!¾0\Ÿ=½!¾
;(3)
[\½-+c`uz!¾n
È?F/=¬­
;(4)
X@ˆ
,`
uF×Áp!¾”cÍ~K(¼
;(5)`
u.×
、`
uc\‡iøÏ×4
5K1鮯

:;<

iAS`!

Ôäøù
;`
uÄ­


=>?@$
:S722.3
!ABCD
:A
EfectofIceandSnowDamageonSeedlingRegenerationin
JiulianshanMountain
MAOShuangyan,HOUJihua,ZHAOXiuhai,HEJun,FANJuan
(BeijingForestryUniversity,Beijing 100083,China)
Abstract:TheefectoficeandsnowdamageonseedlingregenerationofsubtropicalevergreenforestinJiulianshan
Mountainwasstudied.Thespeciescomposition,diversityandquantitativecharactersofseedlingsinbothnongap
standsandgapsstandsdamagedbyfrozensnowwereinvestigated.Theresultsofsequenceanalysisindicatedthat:
(1)Therewaslitlediferentinseedlingdensitybetweengapsandnongapstands.(2)Importancevalueofarbor
specieswashigheringapsthaninnon-gapstands,whilethatofshrubspecieswashigherinnongapstands.(3)
Therewasdiferentresponsetogapsamongthedominantarborspecies.(4)Thespeciesdiversitywasthemaxin
mediumdisturbedgaps.(5)Therewasnosignificancecorelationbetweenseedlingdensityanddisturbancelevel.
Also,thecorelationbetweenthespeciesofseedlingsanddisturbancelevelwasnotsignificant.
Keywords:seedlingregeneration;disturbanceintensity;gap
2008
Úð

Çî

Ôê

JL

JG

ÌG

Ç5

¨Ìä9U8¿”ÀúˆûuÔäøù

v=Ô
òïäøùzi!m_œëm”ÿ0Á
p
[1-2]。
z½à†PiAS`!U5

o½}+J
iA

4z¶S

0wôÔäøùiù[@
[2],
‘]\Áliÿ0

î—%w8à†PiAS`!
iø0øU

Dðâî˜

î—HMÈÉ؁n
¡]÷U[ÁãÍ

[Á‹Þ

ÍÂ

Šw}Á
!-F
50%


M›W%2d

+ÁŽ+`


UT\ā!-F
95%

[3]。
FWá³èêŁBí

Ôä

RÆän¡ø
ù~mÛõŽÑ×)`F~m³è

PzWá
³èøÈ

ïäÔòøù~mMAÈÉ®z~
m³è

Ûõ1uzáap¼
[4]。
o½ïäÔòø
! 
"
 
#
 
$
 
%
 
& û
24
ü
ù/ƒFO¬î]~m

Ø5†P

à†Pi!i
ïäÔòøù÷ø%&894‘ƒu
。2008
Ú
-

ý(tzäø%&

[\ºFØUäøx
ø‘Æ
[5]、
l‘¢•
[6-7]、
DÇiøv1
[8-9]
ä]
#

tz
2008
ÚÔäøù%&

[\º½øE
—˜~eøàKZ]#
[10-12],
}

zDÇ!iø
%&¦Í
[13-14]。
(êzŠ]#%&¦Í

¦e
ÈÉ)¦J

ˆ‰!—™£

N?«í‡äÆøù
5_
[15]、
+cᄒvK
[16-17],
äøŽùòo

[18-19]、
òo¼æ
[20]
ä

o؃]%&¦e`u
iøEs
[21]
eøà`uÄ­
[22-23]。
!í`ue%i!m_œ,|0\…ôA
—

ÃPF”cÍ~Kº^
[24]、
ß_¥¦
[25]
e
i!Jj+ciÁpà-DÄ­ä¥Ï~øM
0\PÉ



!í`ue…ôzzi!n¡
Ä­ëm0=÷ø
[26]。
!í`ue±)iäÁ
p÷ø

ÌzYHèqøÈ

0wzøài!m
_œKZŽ0:gM0\PÉ

(Øêzi
!m_œiÁpà`uÄ­Ø¦Í%&

0[
\ºFø
[27-28]、

[29]、¸
|
[30]
ä]#

ïä
Ôòøùz`uÄ­÷ø%&/ƒ

i!Ä­%
éu‡cÁp—k,|±0\m$¥
Ï
[31],
ÝïäÔòøù%i!m_œ0\n¡
Áp0¤ß,

Ôäøùƒx+-É

ãÍ

Í
Â

Â݋!큠U



\—ä~m³è

Ì
)zfgMÒ

efô—s³ŽØvó;ä‚
­úK³è

zi!Ä­‘Æëmÿ0÷ø

w

F½ŠHn¡]÷UiAS`!:[è(
~M

=>ïäÔòøùz`uÄ­÷ø%&ç
—:,
%&™š~Døài!m_œKZ
Ž0:p@Äî

1 
VWX\]1VW23
1.1 
ÎϖHI
ÌG½ŠHn¡]÷UB½ÌG9îAÊêø
bî<î›

MNî—LL½ŠH[Ô V®5
K
(24°29′18″ 24°38′55″N,114°22′50″ 114°31′32″
E)。
]÷U"#$
134116hm2,
MÕî¼5V

"
@ˆ{½

VHMÒ

‹õÈÉ
280 1430m,
K×,ø
25° 40°;
ef\æ[\~HMÏf

H
M Ïf

HM feHM¿)e[

]÷UM
Nà†PîA

i=ᎋËST±0÷ø

ST
OŽŽ­

؜®Á

ŽQ

Ú{»SO5
164
℃,1
D{»SO
68℃,7
D{»SO
244℃。
Ú
{Ȕ\]
21556mm,
Ú{»Ì~]
7902mm,
Ú{»4zŽ×
85%,2—9
DïQ

D{Ȕ](V
1479mm,10
D¢8Ú

D1Q

D{»
î\](¼
707mm。
UØjT\æCD

[\Ø
iAS`!

VH‰Št`!

iA_`S`œ„
!

Hßr!eHM¿)

ð¡iAS`!—å(
J

nV‹õ伋õ

iAS`!ß_[\Ø 
™-
(Adinandramileti(Hook.etArn.)Benth.et
Hook.f)
!


(SchimasuperbaGardn.etChamp.)
!

üÎ
(Cyclobalanopsisglauca(Thunb.)Oerst.)
!

ÏÐ
(CastanopsistibetanaHance)
!

î—Ð
(C.for
diHance)
!

çÑ
(C.carlesi(Hemsl.)Hayata)
!

‘Ð
(C.fargesiFranch.)
!

ÒÑ
(C.eyrei
(Champ.)Tutch.)
!

ӒÐ
(C.lamontiHance)
!

ÙÔÐ
(C.fabriHance)
!

gH3Þ
(Michelia
maudiaeDunn.)
!

 Õ-ݤ
(Litseaelongata
(Wal.exNees)Benth.etHook.f.)
!

*7ÏÖ
(AdinandrabockianaPritz.exDiels)
!Ž×ÑÜÝ
(RhododendronsimiarumHance)


o]?Ø!Û
F
300a
~ˆî]Ïñ
(Taxuschinensisvar.
mairei(LeméeetLévl)ChengetL.K.Fu)
‡ãØ
(GinkgobilobaLinn.)
œ„!ô+ß_eÏÙ
(MachilusthunbergiSieb.etZucc.)
!

ÚÙ
(Phoebe
bournei(Hemsl.)Yang)
!ŽDÏÛ
(Toonasureni
var.pubescens(Fr.)HandMazz.)
!ä§Õß_

ß_WX×ÍF
0.75 0.95,
½-j{»¼×
5
11.5m,
—jÑ<¦œ®

1—q

|àj



40m。
ywÑ<Žj‚j”)%½ŠHiA
S`!ß_,|0\vž

Ö}%FMUÜI
Ý[I=VN

Þ*üÎ
(Cyclobalanopsisdisciformis
(ChunetTsiang)Y.C.HsuetH.W.Jen)
+Œ¼
=

d`y—

Ŝ®yw

i!Øj‚j”e
!í²\j”±CD

X|jTEÅ÷mK
à†PŽîà†PiAS`!±0vh
[32]。
1.2 
ÎÏVW
1.2.1 
`p™šr›œ
 
½
2008
Ú
11
DðF½
ŠH(+ÿn¡]÷UiïäÔòâþ¦ÿ0Ð
{!E[
1hm2(100m×100m)
²D¢•´–~
M
(24°32′N,114°27′E,
‹õ
640 760m)。
~MØ
j”ß_[\o†P

à†P#{j”…ô

iu
+cØçÑ

ßI+
(NeolitseachuiMer.)、
7dà
(EuryaloquaianaDunn)、
ÙÔá
(Diospyrosmorisi
284
û4
D D±™ä

Ôäøùz½ŠHiAS`!`uÄ­÷ø
anaHance)、
 Õ-ݤ

ÏÙ

‘«âãä
(Rhodo
dendronwestlandiHemsl.)
ä

 ü®X|~M¦—
25
|
20m×20m

~]

ÉWý¦g7~]—åBQ

NR×

‹õ



K^ŽKBäB¯

F
25
|
20m×20m

~]Ø

~
5m×5m
~]®~M¦—
400
|
4妴

z~]èx- ü

g7~]Ø*
؀¸
(DBH)>1cm
!-”c

€¸



J
´

䂸Ðä

oz3z[-ØXiø

iøÏ
×Û2œ,ÃK

wDm%&MU+-i\?
s

Äî>"hä
[33]、
œemä
[34]、
ÜÃmä
[35]

%&ôš

®!-i\\榗Íx

ãÁ



ˆ‰å

|,
o4ÈM®}i\äÿñ–

ÿ
、2
ÿ
、3
ÿ

1.2.2 
žWXŸ 
 
Ö×x|
5m×5m
~]
iøÏ×

iøÏ×É{»i\ÏÎ
(MDI)
›
ÿ
:MDI=∑


DiPi
½
:i
i\äÿ
,Pii\äÿ iiõ
[36-37]。
i\õç¸É(Øê¦/ɁI½›
ÿ
[8,37]:Pi=ni/N(i=1,2,3)。}nii\äÿi
i\|@Î
,N
~]Ø!-"|@Î

1.2.3 
M¡›œ
 
z´–~M“L!¾ ü

!
¾•–]Õ

•–x|
5m×5m
¶¥!-
Jj¼×

‘Jj¼×
<15m


çw¶¥Tù
%!¾
[38],
Úçl!¾

 ü¥Ï

wD!-
i\Es

ÙÍ!¾%ÚoäøÇô

o“Lg7

Óg7äl!¾
283
|

}
MDI=0
l!¾
26
|
,MDI>0
l!¾
257
|
),
äø!¾
64
|


ø!¾
53
|

1.2.4 
¢£›œ
 
 ü!¾Øꀸ
(DBH)≤1
cm
*Øjz`u

ˆ‰½-

À-

 ü

g7
x,z`u”c



¼×

1.2.5 
\¤>¥
1.2.5.1 
Ä­`u0\ŸÖ×
 
É0\ŸU›
ÿ+cFÄ­ß_MBŽPÉ

0* ü`
u¼×ÍF
1.0m


’É`uE¸NÍ#$
Ö×`u4z®¯×

Ö×I½Œí

0\Ÿ
(I.V.)=(
4z.×

4zÛ×

4z
®¯×
)/3
1.2.5.2 
”cÍ~K•–
 
¸É

\H-¡¬
ÈɁÍ~KÏÎU•–”cÍ~K
(αÍ~
K
),
Ö×I½Œí

(1)
”cCD×ÏÎ
 
Š%ÈÉ(Jc(R3
”cÍ~K•–]Õ

mnÉ
Margalef
ÏÎ
(R)
›ÿ
:R=(S-1)/lnN
½
:S
”c"Î,N
~]ؗ˜
ä|@"Î

(2)
”cÍ~KÏÎ
 
dÉi!ß_Í~K%
&ÈÉ(Jc
ShannonWeiner
ÏÎ
(H)

ÿ
:H=-∑PilnPi
½
:Pi%ûic|@Îni!"|@Î N
·!

(3)
ß_»Ä×
 
Ïß_”cÍח偻
ÄÏ×

‘h»Ä—å%

»Ä×(=

É
Piebu
ÏÎ
(JS)›ÿ:JS =-∑PilnPi/lnS
½
:S
”c"Î
,Pi%ûic|@Îni!
"|@Î

·!

(4)
m§Õ×
(λ) <§Õ׺½1|°
â|c\Ï×

%nPß_’ácߧÕ?s
ÏÐ
:λ=∑ni(ni-1)/(N-1)N
½
:ni%ûic|@Î,N"|@Î。
(5)
»§ÍÏÎ
(Z)[39] 
ÏcCD×

»Ä׎m§Õ×U›ÿß_Í~KÏ΁=

:Z=(JS-λ)×S
½
:JS、λ、St¹Ìˆ。
1.2.5.3 
ÎDNA
 
mnÎD¸É
OficeExcel
2007、SPSS160
“LœÖ—˜

2 
45678
2.1 
•Gja÷I
~MØ!-iøEsuÒ
1。
~Mm÷T¦—



}
,MDI>0
l!¾Î](Í

!"m÷

6425%,
äø!¾)!,–·!

ã
16%。

%&äøz`uÄ­÷ø

m%&dy
MDI=0

l!¾

<æWmØiø!ím÷

Žäø!¾

<
oäøŒô!¾

¢cm÷

z}`uÄ­“L·
¦

wD* üäø!¾i\Es

®}—

:MDI<05,05≤MDI<1,MDI≥1。ín›K]
x

—µÉ9×Áp

×ÁpŽ0×Áp›ÿ

}


9×Áp!¾!
39%(25
|
),
×Áp!¾!
44%(28
|
),
0×Áp!¾!
17%(11
|
)。
2.2 
`ak£»fg(@¿yJQ¦/0
!¾ØêÓg7`u
12672
z

æ{
38
#
51
{
117
c

}

½-
81
c

À-
36
c

äø!¾
384
! 
"
 
#
 
$
 
%
 
& û
24
ü
>
1 
•Gja÷I
Óؽ-+c
78
c

À-+c
33
c

}

çÑ

HÌç
(Sapiumdiscolor(Champ.exBenth.)Muel.
Arg.)、
ßI+

‘Ð

Ü+H
(Maesajaponica
(Thunb.)MoritziexZol.)、
ÙÔá

 FÂ
(Blastus
cochinchinensisLour.)、
Ï Ù

X Ù
(M.velutina
Champ.exBenth.)、
 Õ-ݤ

˜À
(Alniphyl
lumfortunei(Hemsl.)Makino)、
Ïb+
(Styraxsuberi
foliusHook.etArn.)、
ÙÔÐ


(Malotustenuifo
liusPax)、
¿éê
(Sarcandraglabra(Thunb.)Na
kai)
ä|@Î]¦Í

ÃP!”c"΁
1351%,
Q!|@"΁
8074%;
}6,ý—åé
»Ä+c

Œeá
(D.kakivar.silvestrisMakino)、
-
(Cunninghamialanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.)、
 
™-

JLnÙ
(BeilschmiediafordiDunn)、
#`­
Ù
(M.leptophylaHand.Mazz.)、
/’ë
(Alangium
chinense(Lour.)Harms)
ä|@Î]/ƒ
,57
|c

!”c"΁
5135%)
|@Î>!*Ø|@"
΁
1.6%。
1u

à†PiAS`!!¾+c
c\…ô4‘CD

0|@Î]—åQ±é»Ä

c\‚Î]¬µ/=

›

1~Sq

Ä­`u|@.×F!¾
Øꬵé=

Fl!¾(¼

!¾Øꬭé®
¯
(F=138,P>005);
ÙMiøÏׁÜ=

Ä­
.×h3Ôæ³è

éÌiøÏ×!¾‚`uÄ
­.׬­)鮯
(F=158,P>005);
{»¼
Ž{»E¸³èÞÕç—4Ò

F×Áp!¾


c.×ãä(=

F9׎0×Áp!¾

c
.×·l!¾!—V

X@ˆ

l!¾!—¦Ø
ʽ`uÄ­

×Áp!¾Ä­Es‡l!
¾4s

Z
1 
[\jaóӁk£hifg5kÐ/0
GH l!¾
MDI
<0.5 0.5 1 >1
|@.×
/(
z
·m-2) 6.47 4.79 6.39 4.81
c.×
/(
c
·m-2) 0.88 0.87 0.91 0.79
{»¼
/m 0.20 0.19 0.22 0.23
{»E¸
/m 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.24
2.3 
kjaóÓêhi5ìí
2.3.1 
M¡žWXz¦§N¨©7}~
 

Øê½-0\Ÿ1£¼½À-

›
2),
Š[\%
o½!¾Øê½-Ä­.×£¼½À-Çô

!¾Ø½-0\Ÿ¼½l!¾!—

F×Áp
!¾

½-0\Ÿãä(=

Ý!¾ØÀ-
0\ŸV½l!¾!—

(ŸqÑF×Áp


Š5œ½-F!¾Ä­!§ÕMB

À-
Fl!¾Ä­!§Õ

Âm²?sUS

!¾Ž
l!¾½-{»¼Ž{»E¸»½À-{
»¼Ž{»E¸

"gUS

9×Áp!¾ØÄ­
`u{»¼Ž{»E¸¦V

Ý0×Áp!¾
Ä­`u.×
„Ø×Áp!¾ØÄ­?s


‡l!¾Ä­Es4s

Š‡›

ôq™B


Z
2 
[\jaóÓ
(MDI)
k£êhifg¨}5ìí
GH +c l!¾
MDI
<0.5 0.5 1 >1
0\Ÿ ½-
78.65 80.59 80.71 79.76
À-
21.35 19.41 19.29 20.24
|@.×
/(
z
·m-2) ½- 5.49 4.15 5.44 4.00
À-
0.98 0.64 0.95 0.82
{»¼
/m
½-
0.18 0.18 0.20 0.19
À-
0.30 0.26 0.30 0.37
{»E¸
/cm
½-
0.22 0.21 0.22 0.22
À-
0.33 0.32 0.33 0.32
|@*!·!
/%
½-
84.85 86.68 85.11 83.01
À-
15.15 13.32 14.89 16.99
2.3.2 
”ª¦NF.¢£z«¬ž7~­
 
Á
p~mà

~MŸ÷ž~m”éÌÏׁ³
è

éÌ+czé́m÷nÈéÌ

Â݃x}
Ä­`u0\ŸFéÌm÷?F¬­

éÌm
÷ží

[\+c`u0\Ÿu›
3。
ßI+

HÌç

çÑ

ÙÔáF!¾Øê1!اÕ

ÓH
Ìç

çÑF!¾ØÄ­§Õœ®¼½l!¾

484
û4
D D±™ä

Ôäøùz½ŠHiAS`!`uÄ­÷ø
jbÙ
(Daphniphylumoldhami(Hemsl.)Rosenth.)、
-̈́Fl!¾m÷!§Õ

Ïb+„F!¾Ø
!§Õ

 Õ-ݤ

ÏÙ

ÆÔ
(Elaeocarpusdu
clouxiGagnep)
z!¾nÈél‘

Š1u‡+
cmAvKŽátK

ª<Ë

ªuË45

R¡éÌiøÏ×!¾Ø!§ÕMB
Ä­+c4Ì

»HÌç

çÑ

ßI+

0ÙMÁ
pÑׁÜê

HÌç0\Ÿh3Ôæ³è

çÑ
0\ŸáaÜ=

ßI+0\ŸáaîV

Š
5œéÌ+czéÌÁpÑׁ!¾2!°ÊÉË
?F¬­

Z
3 
[\jaóÓ
(MDI)
k=Å9ãך(5Ÿ9œ
+c l!¾
MDI
<0.5 0.5 1 >1
ßI+
15.07 10.50 7.92 5.66
‘Ð
3.91 4.39 3.99 6.84
HÌç
8.93 12.22 10.82 12.00

3.50 1.66 1.14 2.54
çÑ
6.51 10.55 11.59 11.94
ÙÔá
5.10 5.26 4.45 5.01
 Õ-ݤ
2.62 2.66 2.58 3.01
jbÙ
4.69 2.18 1.65 0.98
Ïb+
1.18 1.86 3.10 4.44
ÏÙ
3.03 3.94 3.97 3.23
ÆÔ
1.30 1.65 1.02 3.08
2.3.3 
M¡žWXz¨©_`07}~
 

Fi!`uÄ­p@[\@*Ì

)£ô”
º^i!”cÍ~K0\m÷

!¾Áp1~ƒ
xó;»—_Žm÷­úK

%i!ß_Ø
(͔cÓ?ŽÍ~Kº^Eý

Fi!”c
Ó?ŽÄ­~ø”MPÉ



1u

×Áp!¾Ä­”cÎ
(S)、
CD×ÏÎ
(R)、
m§Õ×
(λ)1·l!¾
!—¼

Ýß_»Ä×ç·l!¾!—V

›œ
4z½l!¾!—

×Áp!¾Ø+cÄCD

§
ÕcÄ.q

9×Áp!¾GÏ·l!¾!
—4¬é=

0×Áp!¾Ä­”cÎ
(S)、
CD
×ÏÎ
(R),
Í~KÏÎ
(H),
»§ÍÏÎ
(Z)

l!¾!—V

›œ0×Áp!¾Ø+cCD
׎Í~KîV
。ShannonWeiner
ÏÎ
(H)
F9×
Áp!¾(=

›œ9×Áp!¾Í~K(
¼

+cÍחå)¦»Ä

§Õcé.q

ÝF
×Áp!¾ØÍ~KÏÎ
(H)
(V

+cÍ×
—嬭¦=

Š‡m§Õ×
(λ)nPq×
Áp!¾Ø§Õ׺½ƒÎâ|+cEs4,
x

»§ÍÏÎ
(Z)
Fl!¾(=

ÙMÁpÑ
ׁÜ=

áaîV

ïˆ*K

9×Áp!¾Ø
GÏ·l!¾!—4¬é=

×Áp!¾”
cCD×(¼

Í~K(V

§Õc(.q

Ý0×
Áp!¾ØCD×íî

Í~KîV

»Ä×Üê

§Õc霮

Z
4 
[\jaóÓ
(MDI)
k£š(ž•€NB5¥7
GH l!¾
MDI
<0.5 0.5 1 >1
”cÎ
(S) 22 22 23 20
CD×ÏÎ
(R) 4.16 4.42 4.56 4.04
Í~KÏÎ
(H) 2.30 2.31 2.23 2.25
ß_»Ä×
(Js) 0.76 0.76 0.73 0.76
m§Õ×
(λ) 0.16 0.14 0.18 0.16
»§ÍÏÎ
(Z) 13.44 13.32 13.03 11.87
2.4 
hifgQ¦

(@*jaóÓ5~:€?U
®* ü
64
|äø!¾ØÄ­`uÎ]e
`uc\‡i\ÏÎè45K—˜

™š®ÿ
:`
u

、`
uc\‡iøÏ×?F,–45K

04
5K1鮯
(P>005)。
3 
496:9
3.1 
`ak£š×5(@¿yJQ¦/0
‡(Øê45%&ôšéÌ

mn!¾Øê
`uÄ­.×4s

Š›œ!¾oé%`uÄ­
™d@*

Š‡
Thomas
ä
[40]
z蘥à

¥ìíº
àîÛ!%&™š,x

Š[\%o½½ŠHi
AS`!WX×¼

átK+c!D§Õ

/¥ß
_™£ ü1L

0\Ÿ
>5

15
cß_+c„
Ø-Í

hya

˜À

ë"–K+c


11
c+c1át+c

Šcß_™£F}6i!æ)/¡¬

Œ]hLîA
F.sylvaticaA.alba
i!~e=]?FM¤¼!¾OPŽ†Pi
!
[40]。
Ôòøù‹½-jiäÁp

!¾qÑF
ì‚ئ=Ms³”!í UŸ÷

‹!¾Ø 
U‚~²

!¾Ø UΜ®¼½!Ø

Ó U
Ñ×)Ø*Üê
[41-42],
át+cûÈ锊c.¡
¼ ïª

Ä­iä‡Æ

Ì

ïäÔòøùÇ
ô!-Íx

ãÁ



FŒô!¾Ì

)F,
–Ï׈Çô”`u‘]\Á

z`uÄ­ëm
éʁ÷ø

Šý0w

ƒx!¾Ø`u.ׇ
!í`u.×4Ò

584
! 
"
 
#
 
$
 
%
 
& û
24
ü
3.2 
kjaóÓêfghi5ìí
%&›œ

!¾Øê½-0\Ÿ1£¼½À
-

Š[\%o½!¾Øê½-Ä­.×£¼½
À-Çô

,øÝÍ

i!iäÁpâþà

 U
ÜÑØʽefc¤ec¤ð¼Ž`um
²

Ýc¤zT2Ǝ4èm÷lm”0¤ç
éʽ½-`um²
[43],
*~

Fß_¥¦ðD
~À-j”!§Õ

0m%&Qôä”4n™
B

<½-F!¾Ä­!§Õ

Š1u‡Ÿ÷
éͳè~eef3Ø=]½-c¤Ø5

Ý
Ó~M½-€+.×£=½À-€+.×

F üð~Ñ

=]½-`uNi!°!MÄg
m÷

Œ}-

ÝéiÀ-j÷ø

Š)Û½-
Ä­§Õèq”,–+?

[\½-+cz!¾nÈ?F/=¬­

Š,]#‡+cmAvKŒátK

ª<Ë

ª

é,]#çß_؟
÷÷ø

ÁpTù%÷øj”ß_”cCDׁ[0w
[44]。
§Lñ
[45]
%&›œ

ûׁº|1~
p¼ß_X@Í~K

Toò
[46]
zóG5ð¡
ñÄ!%&›œ

×Áp~M”cCD×(=

m%&

×iø!¾”cCD×(=

‡ˆK
%&™š,x

 †×ÁpAB

0Í~KÏÎ
(H)
F×Áp!¾Q(

Š1u%0
ShannonWiener
”cÍ~KÏ΁=yn½¢|
0w

,%”cÎ]

=%|@ÎFé̔c߂
—å?s
[47]。
,|”cÎÍ

|@Î)Í0—å
é»Äß_

‡é,|”cΎ|@릃0
—å»Äß_1uØ4Ì°4s
ShannonWie
ner
ÏÎ
[48]。


ß_x,”cŽx,|@z
½Ö×
ShannonWiener
ÏÎ1%äv
[48]。
›

1~Sq

4z½l!¾!—

!¾½-|@Î*
!·!ØíîÞÕ

ÝÀ-|@Î*!·!؈
¼ÞÕ


ShannonWiener
ÏÎXÕ®ÿ!¾
‡l!¾!—Ø”cÍ~K2´¬µ

"@S
U

×Áp!¾”cÍ~K(=

3.3 
fgQ¦

(@ŠjaóÓ5~:€?U
`u.×
、`
uc\‡iøÏ×45K1é®
¯

Š%0`uÄ­iÍ]#÷ø

é>‡`
umkátK

ª<]½Ø5

ð‡cؑ

X
‘Ÿ÷0¤Ø5

Ôäøùzi!m_œ÷ø
%Í]#

!48i0=âþ

~Mm÷~m0
=³è

 U



MÒä~ms³

Ì

Ôäø
ùzi!k_”~eefä1zëm÷ø

Š:¡
z÷øi!m_œ©—}Ÿ

Šý]#s
³

1zz`uÄ­ëméÌÏׁ÷ø

0w

MDI
ÏÎ/j®Šý0wWAnPqU

Š1u%
iøÏׇ`uÎ]

c\45K鮯÷0

Ôäøùz|~MŸ÷÷ø
,`
uz
Ÿ÷øÈ

ÔäøùzÄ­`umAm÷ø
ä

Šý1ØJ½ôÿÔäøùz`uÄ­÷ø

ØΓ,â%&

ef!A

[1]
¬
 
õ

 &u

˜ J

ä

ÔäøùzÀLHç=×\n¡]
÷UÐ\!:ßc÷ø
[J].
!"#$
,2009,45(9):41-47
[2]
‚n~

oà†PiAS`!ïäÔòøEf~„î
[J].
!
"#$
,2008,44(4):2-3
[3]
œ+ö

¬
 
õ

 &u

ä

î—LÔøi\ß_Žj”U_
vže]÷m”$t¹
[J].
!"#$
,2010,46(3):166-172
[4]
„J÷

–
 
ƒ

Uû

ä

Œ/—HMiAS`!Ôøà!-
i\m$òo
[J].
j”m$8
,2010,34(2):213-222
[5]
Üø~

Üð¾

(5]¿÷äøÆø‘ÆBC
[J].
n¡ø
ù$8
,2002,11(2):80-84
[6]
–À>

ùðƒ

§`ƒ

ä

úâûMU¿MüØ"äøl‘
¢•‡òó
[J].
¿"$8
,2003,12(6):115-120
[7]
 UL

ùðƒ

ØUäøl‘¢•]Ձ%&
[J].
¿"#$

2005,22(12):10-16
[8]
Ü >

ùnÕ

bö¼

ä

ÔòäøíDÇi\õ ü
[J].
Ç
î!"#f
,2005,32(3):69-71
[9]
w
 
j

DÇäøi\v1‡ÏÂcøfg
[J].
Çî!"#f

2007,34(2):48-49
[10]
œý[

þ­À

bÛÜ

ä

_JÜÝn¡]÷UäqøE—
˜e0:„î
[J].
!"#$
,2008,44(11):111-114
[11]
«
 
Ê

¹:

 &u

ä

ÔäøùzÀLHç=×\9n
¡]÷U-mj”‘]\Áðâ ü
[J].
!"#$
,2008,
4(11):164-167
[12]
쁜

ÿÂn

l»¾

ä

Ç59[\Ç!+cÔäøù 
ü
[J].
!"#$
,2008,44(11):2-10
[13]
!
 
¾

ïäÔòøùzDÇ!÷øeKZfg%&ïK
[J].
&Ç!/
,2008,6(3):40-42
[14]
ÀÀ

¾!

Àêm

ä
.2008
ÚðÔäøùz*7DÇ!
Žùe}0:«í
[J].
!"#$
,2008,44(11):96-100
[15]PtaloaML.RiskofsnowDamageinUnmanagedandManaged
StandsofScotsPine,NorwaySpruceandBirch[J].Scandinavian
JournalofForestResearch,2000(15):530-541
[16]SmolnikM,HesslA,ColbertJJ.Speciesspecificefectsofa1994
icestormonradialtreegrowthinDelaware[J].JournaloftheTor
reyBotanicalSociety,2006,133(4):577-584
[17]PisaricMFJ,KingDJ,MacIntoshAJM,etal.Impactofthe
1998icestormonthehealthandgrowthofsugarmaple(Acersac
684
û4
D D±™ä

Ôäøùz½ŠHiAS`!`uÄ­÷ø
charumMarsh.)dominatedforestsinGatineauPark,Quebec[J].
JournaloftheToreyBotanicalSociety,2008,135(4):530-539
[18]CitadiniED,RidderND,PeriPL.Amethodforassessingfrost
damageriskinsweetcheryorchardsofSouthPatagonia[J].Agri
culturalandForestMeteorology,2006,141:235-243
[19]KataA,HiroshiN.AnapproachforestimatingresistanceofJapa
nesecedartoSnowaccretiondamage[J].ForestEcologyandMan
agement,2000,135:83-96
[20]ValingerE,FridmanJ.ModelstoassesstheRiskofSnowandwind
DamageinPine,Spruce,andBirchForestsinSweden[J].Envi
ronmentalManagement,1999,24(2):209-217
[21]LangvalO,OrlanderG.EfectsofPineshelterwoodsonmicrocli
mateandfrostdamagetoNorwaySpruceseedlings[J].Canadian
JournalofforestResearch,2001,31(1):155-164
[22]HommaK.Efectsofsnowpressureongrowthformandlifehistory
oftreespeciesinJapanesebeechforest[J].JournalofVegetation
Science,1997,8(6):781-788
[23]ShimannoK,OkitsuS.RegenerationofnaturalFagusCrenataforest
aroundthekantodistrict[J].JpnJEcol,1994,44:283-291
[24]HarperJL.PopulationBiologyofPlants[M].London:Academic
Press,1977
[25]SzwagrzykJ,SzewczykJ,BodziarczykJ.Dynamicsofseedlingbanks
inbeechforest:resultofa10yearstudyongermination,growth
andsurvival[J].ForestEcologyandManagement,2001,141:237
-250
[26]StrengDR,GlitzensteinJS,HarcombePA.Woodyseedlingdy
namicsinaneastTexasfloodplainforest[J].EcologicalMono
graphs,1989,59:177-204
[27]PausasJG,RibeiroE,ValejoR.Postfireregenerationvariability
ofPinushalepensisintheeasternIberianPeninsula[J].ForestE
cologyandManagement,2004,203:251-259
[28]GouldKA,FredericksenTS,MoralesF,etal.Postfiretreeregen
erationinlowlandBolivia:implicationsforfiremanagement[J].
ForestEcologyandManagement,2002,165:225-234
[29]LomascoloT,MitchelT.SeedandSeedlingBankDynamicsin
SecondaryForestsFolowingHuricanGeorgesinPuertoRico[J].
CaribeanJournalofScience,2001,37:259-270
[30]
§:ƒ

˜­Ú

¬(b

ä

é̸º]½zhya!ð¡Ä
L÷ø
[J].
×:!$)$8
,2000,20(4):302-305
[31]
ù:"

¬ƒö

ù¦~

Áp‡i!Ä­
[J].
!"#$%&

2002,15(4):490-498
[32]
Rl#

–$%

Ð
 
&

ä

½ŠHiAS`!½-§Õcß
c‚5þK—˜
[J].
j”m$8
,2009,33(4):672-680
[33]
>"h

TUV

ÿ(n

Gà¼HCm_`aþò!äø 
ü
[J].
!"#$
,2008,44(11):11-17
[34]
œem

()²

¼*+

ä
.¨
Ì9IJ!ïäÔòøEòo
eKZ0:zI
[J].
!"#$
,2008,44(11):168-170
[35]
ÜÃm

–Ì!

,A!UÔäøùi\i!m_œKZf
g
[J].
”•!"#f
,2008,33(4):67-70
[36]WarilowM,MouP.IceStormDamagetoForestTreeSpeciesin
theRidgeandValeyRegionofSouthwesternVirginia[J].Journal
oftheToreyBotanicalSociety,1999,126(2):147-158
[37]RebertusAJ,ShifleySR,RichardsRH.IceStormDamagetoan
OldgrowthOakhickoryForestinMissouri[J].AmericanMidland
Naturalist,1997,137(1):48-61
[38]HubbelSP,FosterRB,O’BrienST,etal.LightGapDisturb
ances,RecruitmentLimitation,andTreeDiversityinaNeotropical
Forest[J].Science,1999,283:554-557
[39]
ÿ­-

Ϯm

‚n~

ä

²¿H8mS`!¸|!¾Ä­
%&
[J].
!"#$%&
,2007,20(3):302-306
[40]NagelTA,SvobodaM,RuganiT,etal.Gapregenerationandre
placementpaternsinanoldgrowthFagusAbiesforestofBosnia
Herzegovina[J].PlantEcology,2009,208(2):307-318
[41]
T,Â

ÐÑÒ

½[­

i!ÁpzÄ­`umAm÷ø
ïK
[C].
i!1^±N?‡mnœ$g%CzBnº

#
î{ê
,2008
[42]
Ò­(

‹î†PHMï!i!}Ÿé̵L 

OŸ÷•
–‡—˜
[J].
56!"=$$8
,2002,24(5):125-130
[43]
œ±

–n.

¥¶n

ä

@AHŽKiAS`!eéÌæ8mjT`uÄ­vž
[J].
m$ƒJ
,2009,28(10):
1921-1927
[44]
DJò

ÐÑÒ

Ápzj”ß_”c…ôeÍ~K÷ø
[J].
m$8
,2006,26(8):2695-2701
[45]
§Lñ

<‹HÄa!z¸|ÁpmøÈ%&
[D].
HG

HG=$
,2006
[46]
Toò

óG5ð¡ñÄ!FéÌÁpÑ×íj”Í~K%
&
[D].
öî

Gî!$)
,2006
[47]
Ào

Ü~ã

!™m

ä

‹î/¬—á»a\†PHMï
!|à!™£‡”cÍ~K%&
[J].
!"#$%&
,2008,21
(1):37-43
[48]
Ð01

ÝJ!

2
 
Å

ä

þÁpzÚ5i!ß_”cÍ
~K÷ø
[J].
m”Í~K
,1997,5(4):263-270
784