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作 者 ：王昆 白帆 黄利亚

期 刊 ：林业科学 2010年 46卷 1期 页码：1-8

关键词：植物多样性；生活型谱；人类活动；阔叶红松林；自然保护区；

Keywords:plant species diversity, life form spectrum, human activities, broadleaved Korean Pine forests, nature preserve,

摘 要 ：

利用生活型谱、物种丰富度Margalef指数和多样性Simposon指数, 对长白山自然保护区北坡海拔800～1 000 m的阔叶红松林1963年和2006年的主林层与林下草本植物组成及多样性进行对比分析，评价该区保护措施的效果，为科学管理规划保护区提供科学依据。1963—2006年，禁止砍伐等保护措施的实施，基本保存了乔木层的相对稳定，主林层物种组成和多样性变化不显著。但保护区对人类林下活动控制管理不力: 红松籽掠夺式的采收活动影响了红松的种源更新; 采集野菜、中草药和打松籽等人类生产活动对林下植被干扰破坏较大。草本层丰富度和多样性显著下降，地面芽植物和地上芽植物的物种数和相对物种数比例都降低。提议加强自然保护区内管理和规划，改变生物多样性减少的趋势，实现生物资源的可持续利用。

Abstract:

We analyzed the effects of the human being activities on this regions forest based on comparing the biodiversity status of the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve in 1963 and 2006. We also evaluated the longterm protection effect since establishment of the national nature reserve. Species richness Margalef index, diversity Simposon index and life form spectrum were adopted to analyze the 43year change of plant species composition and plant species diversity in broadleaved and Korean Pine mixed forests on the northfacing slope. The investigations executed in 1963 and 2006 were conducted at the same altitude interval (800～1 000 m). Though the lumber prohibition has been put into practice since establishing the Nature Reserve, we found no significant differences in dominant species composition, Margalef index and Simposon index in the tree layer between the two years. However, human activities under the tree layer were not well controlled. 1) Pineseed collection and trade seriously lessened the Korean Pines seed resources, which would increase the regeneration difficulty of this species. 2) Collecting herbal medicine and gathering the pine seeds disturbed the understory plants growth. The plant species diversity of the herb layer decreased significantly due to the human activities. The proportions of the species number and relative number of chamaephytes and hemicryptophyte species both declined. To prevent the decreasing trend of the plant diversity and to utilize the biological resource sustainably, nature reserve management and programming should be strengthened.

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