以中国不同板栗产区16个品种板栗为试材,研究淀粉表面结合脂对板栗淀粉糊化特性影响。结果表明: 板栗淀粉RVA糊化黏度在升温过程中逐渐升高并达到峰值,随后黏度降低并在整个温度保持阶段持续降低并降到谷值; 在冷却过程中,淀粉糊黏度再次缓慢升高直至整个糊化过程结束。板栗淀粉RVA糊化黏度特征曲线按形状可分为4种类型,脱脂处理虽不改变淀粉糊化黏度特征曲线的形状,但对板栗淀粉RVA糊化黏度特征值产生影响,使峰值黏度、谷值黏度和最终黏度升高,糊化温度降低,峰值时间影响不大,对稀懈值和回冷值有显著影响。当板栗淀粉表面结合脂含量为0.96%~4.50%时,峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度和稀懈值受到显著影响,从而影响淀粉的糊化特性。
Sixteen Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) varieties collected from different areas of China were used to study the effects of starch-surface-lipid on pasting property of chestnut starch. RVA-pasting viscosity of chestnut starch with de-fatting treatment gradually increased, and reached a peak during the whole warming period at 50 ℃ for 1 min. However, the RVA-pasting viscosity declined to the lowest when starch was warmed at 95 ℃. A following cooling at 12 ℃ brought, the RVA-pasting viscosity to slowly increased again until the whole process ended. Moreover, curves of the RVA-pasting viscosity in chestnut starch, expressed four types in terms of their shapes. The de-fatting treatment did not change shape of curve, but modified the characteristic values of the RVA-pasting viscosity quite largely. The three characteristic values ‘PEAK’, ‘THROUGH’ and ‘FINAL’ increased while the characteristic value ‘PASTING TEMPERATURE’ decreased after the chestnut starch lost its fat. De-fatting of chestnut starch did not affect the ‘PEAK TIME’ of the RVA-pasting viscosity, but interfered the ‘BREAKDOWN’ and ‘SETBACK’ of the RVA-pasting viscosity, depending on chestnut cultivars. When the starch-surface-lipid content was in a range 0.96% to 4.50% the pasting property of chestnut starch was obviously affected regarding to ‘PEAK’, ‘THROUGH’, ‘FINAL’ and ‘BREAKDOWN’ in the characteristic values of the RVA-pasting viscosity.
全 文 :N!"
% N
33
z
7 8 3 3
Q
33
R
! " # $
>5_JVY_M >_LeMJ >_V_5MJ
e(-c!"&V(c33
V(SN&7 8 3 3
eöAçe
feögIþ^/ïð
!
/01
3!7
#
23
3
#
344
7
#
567
7
#3c
fA!"Â$Wú#$E¦§$`
#3888F? 7c
=_!"#$56`!"56a _0!"s!ÄbxcGde
#388843$
%
#
&
!#
µ=_Öf{Ü
3P
Â4f3hý
&
56eöAçe
feögIþ^ïð
%
eFA
ä
)
feö
9eM
gIh½7iÝ×=jkiÜ1BçV
&
&h½³´17l
ݽK·mz·ð³´1
³çð
7´þ×=
&
eögh½nñoiÜÊÚl
gI×ep
%
feö
9eM
gIh½þqrst
|֐n3
!
4í
&
u߸0ÖQReögIh½þqrs/|÷
&
feö
9eM
gIh½þq{W
ïð
&
¤Vh½
(
ðh½,Ð2h½iÜ
&
gIݽ³´
&
Vr¼ïðÖÂ
&
vw,´Þßïð
%
ÿfeöAçe
²@3
8c4PI g!cH8I
r
&
Vh½
(
ðh½
(
Ð2h½,vwxçÞßïð
&
ëhï
ðeö/gIþ^
%
()
)#
f
eö
eöAçe
gIþ^
*+,-.
! >"F3c3" Y>7HHcP###
#$/01
!M###
#23.
!3883 O"!FF#7833$33 O88H4 O8"
Sz
) 7838 O37 O8?
Sz
) 7833 O8? O3F%
9
)
=^#5`a9T#5" :
#788"D84$ %
!¡y!3&¤ÿ¥
%
+**"8)4%*,)128;.,>2*18".M7&75%(=14)7(O =2%&"2)9 %*,)128;
7(<;7("4"<;"4)(>)#,"-."/" (01$--$("$
L&%$L&.($
3&7
#A6%$/(-&
3
#L& >6*.6*
7
#G%$B*&:&
7
#3*@1/22)2CE42)2A41()@14"71"(7< E42"1/72)2A0& E"4J47A G25".50U74F"5.40#E"4J47A 3888F? 7*B"0!(;25(2502CD5""E5""<47A (7<
-:)4F(427 2C@("G25".50+<3474.5(427#H"."(51/ I7.4:"2CG25".50& -/47"."+1(<"302CG25".50#E"4J47A 388843$
:?4)218))#>&:,22 56&2.2+62.,*,#-(.(7"( 32)4..43($ S%0&2,&2.+(-2+,2< )0(1<&)202,%02%.()56&%T202*.2< ,(
.,*
R(T2S20& ,629eMD;%.,&$S&.+(.&,C<2+-&2< ,(,62-(T2.,T62 .,%0+6 T%.T%012< %,4H iNM)(-(T&$+((-&$%,37 i
@0(*$6,& ,629eMD;%.,&$S&.+(.&,C,(.-(T-C&+02%.2< %$%& *,&-,62T6(-2;0(+2..2<2
.6%;2()+*0S2& @*,1(<&)&2< ,62+6%0%+,20&.,&+S%-*2.(),629eMD;%.,&$S&.+(.&,Ca*&,2-%0$2-CNY62,6022+6%0%+,20&.,&+
S%-*2..=JMX/& .YR9b[BR/ %< .W_VML/ &+02%.2< T6&-2,62+6%0%+,20&.,&+S%-*2.=M>Y_VBYJE=J9MY[9J/
<2+02%.2< %),20,62+62.,*,.,%0+6 -(.,&,.)%,NQ2D)%,&$()+62.,*,.,%0+6 <&< (,%)2+,,62.=JMXY_EJ/ (),629eMD
;%.,&$S&.+(.&,C& @*,&,20)202< ,62./9JMXQbGV/ %< . >JY/M5X/ (),629eMD;%.,&$S&.+(.&,C& <2;2<&$(
+62.,*,+*-,&S%0.NG62 ,62.,%0+6D.*0)%+2D-&;&< +(,2,T%.& %0%$28c4PI ,(!cH8I ,62;%.,&$;0(;20,C()+62.,*,
.,%0+6 T%.(@S&(*.-C%)2+,2< 02$%0<&$,(.=JMX/& .YR9b[BR/& .W_VML/ %< ./9JMXQbGV/ & ,62+6%0%+,20&.,&+
S%-*2.(),629eMD;%.,&$S&.+(.&,CN
@"9 A%254)#+62.,*, .,%0+6 .,%0+6D.*0)%+2D-&;&< ;%.,&$;0(;20,C
##
f
#-(.(7"( 32)4..43($
Û_ÐÓ®/b?
!\4|
&
7Û_1b.z{|
&
Â4}Ò
%
=_
fµ~
(
(
/þêÕ7ìG¥f=
#
_x]
& 3444$%
Ö{ÜW{/f7
¥ÂÅ0çL7äÞÜá
&
þáAD7º
&
hã
4^ÅÜKÛ_|Â4faþ/
%
^4ÅÜ
&
eö/^Åïð
Â^ÅÜ/Ю/:±
%
&Ö56/B
j
&
üCDÒeö|c
&
íúÅÆr:E
ú/¥ÂÅ,à$^÷/ïð
&
ØÓ®&E
! " # $
!"
%
#
eö|eö
O
À
ú
#
Êeöe
$
¤eö
^ÅCWQR2hïðú/^ÅÜ
#
;¤
]
& 788P E(00&.( "()N& 344? E(00&.(& 34FF
ó
]
& 7887 >&.T(C(& 788!$%
õ56%3
)
L7
Êeö=/Å´àjçeö=/Å´Ii
eö/.^
(
^
(
gIþ^¶4R^Å]ú
¸I$þ^{W-Âïð
&
2hïðú/^Å
Ü
#A6(* "()N& 788?
ä]
& 788"
]
&
788H
]
& 7838
¡]
& 344P$%
^ÅÜüÐ3M/Ð9T/f
¥ÂÅ|
%
A3¹
&
üf^ÅÜ/
Ãö56u+,-
%
7f4=
&
eö²@âr
ºÅ@/
7HI g?HI&
f4=/Ó®ú
Å
&
hÝ /²@å3
7I gHI#
¡]
& 788F%
788F@
¢£¤]
& 7884$%
¥¥(z56õýG
&
feö/¸I^ÅE^ÅÜ£¦LM
#
§V]
& 7884
¡¨,]
& 788H$%
TFµ=_
Ö{Ü/
3P
Ó1Â4f3hý
&
&u
߸(feögIþ^/RI
&
56íú
ÅfeögIþ^/ïð
&
2/÷øïð
f^ÅÜ/b7:±
%
3#
ýþE01
BCBD
745
:
,
=_F\©
*
f
#
ªÍ%
-
=_f
Â4k/n
&
ë=_fÓ®nÈÜ9]µ
?
Â4k
4
{Ü
3P
Ó1Â4f3hý
&
ÇÂ
4fÊ
7884
Q
4+38
RKÆ«¦¬Úf
A
&
jKu®=Ê
8 i
´Í¥
%
6
BD
7l3.
-1?EBD,"271$G%E%*8>$)7#124
Â4k
5*-,&S%0$0(*;
{Ü
5*-,&S%0%02%
Â4MN
V(N()+*-,&S%0.
Â4
V%12()+*-,&S%0
f0Â4k
V(0,6 +*-,&S%0$0(*;
fA
/2&d&$ 3
",¯°
-(.(7"( 32)4..43( .\*%6262&a&/
7
G±
-*32)4..43( .\%+6%$/
²â
Y%$.6% ?
³
-*32)4..43( .Q%@%6($/
!
G´
-*32)4..43( .\%`*&/
H
)E
-*32)4..43( .Q*%Z6&/
=¼íÂ4k
E&
>6%<($ P
Y;äf
-*32)4..43( .Q($T%$1&$-&/
"
µf
3
N
-*32)4..43( .Y%&-&3/
F
¶·
-*32)4..43( .R*%$;2$/
¸O
R2% 4
$â³f
-*32)4..43( . *^2.6%6($-&/
38
$â¹f
-*32)4..43( . *^2.6%1%(-&/
O0Â4k
>(*,6 +*-,&S%0$0(*;
º»
A62d&%$ 33
M9
F
N
-*32)4..43( .U&%:*% F/
37
O¼´f
-*32)4..43( .V%;*`*&-&/
½04
-*32)4..43( .U&*d&%Z6($/
3!
¾¿
-*32)4..43( . &^$Z6%/
3H
ÀÁ
-*32)4..43( .A6%<&@%/
3P
ÂÃÄ
-*32)4..43( .Y&2-&,(*/
BCFD
7>?
3c7c3#
RSTUVW
#
:ó]
#7887 $
/0
1
&
àQÅ
%
]ÇÂ4kÆf
H8
&
ubc
4À
&
¥ÇK4öÈ
&
àj@@ÉÊ1¥
_XMDY3F
nË2/öÈ
&
7ÌÍnÀ5
]
3 6%
eöë4=5]`2
&
F8
Ï
&
Ê
! i
IEγ
P gF 6&
ÒºÏa
&
кç/
ÑÒÓK÷úÅ
&
Ïeöàjz@ÉÊ
788
Ï
&
Ê
! i
IEγ
P gF 6&
ÒºÏ
a
&
γú7
!H i
º»Ê+fveö
&
Í¥
%
3c7c7#
RSTUXYZQMTU[\]^Y_`
ab
#
:
>&.T(C(#788!$
/01
&
àQÅ
%
¾]
@@ºè01?Í/feö]Â
&
¥@@ÓJ
ÓÊ8Ô5]æ=¥KÕÖ5]
F 6&
ueö
Açe
%
u/]´׺»
&
Í¥
%
eöAçe
²@
#I$ m
u(ÓJÓOÅ@
#$$ O
uÓJÓOÅ@
#$$
u(eö]ÂØÅ@
#$$
j
388I
3c7c?#
TUcd>+ab
#
ºè01*+/f
veö,fueö¤¥Ùh½¬
#9%;&<
e&.+(M%-C.20&
¿ ¾
9eM&
Ú Â ¤ à
V2T;(0,
>+&2,&)&+
¾W{
$
ò@]ÂgIþ^
&
]
Âò@
7
ñ
%
7ò@ÌÍ×=
&
ÛbݽRI3
H8 i
K·
3 1&
#
µ
37 i*1&
O3
iÝÚ
4H i
#
4H i
K·
7cH 1&
#
µ
37 i*1&
O3
³ÝÚ
H8 i
#
H8 i
K·
7 1&
ÌÍæ7ôî
38 .
b83
4P8 0*1&
O3
&
|K·7
3P8 0*1&
O3
%
h½¥
+;
#9eM
h½D
)
ÜÝ
$
A6
%
gIþþ^¥
"
8P
#N
33
z §V]
)
eöAçe
feögIþ^/ïð
9eM
þqA6
%
Vh½
#;2%` S&.+(.&,C$&
eög7àá×
=Bç/ÐÜh½
ðh½
#,60(*$6 S&.+(.&,C$&
eög7l
gI×=/дh½
Ð2h½
#)&%-S&.+(.&,C$&
l
gI×epreög/h
½
vw
#@02%`<(T$&
Vh½Eðh½/
>
´
#.2,@%+`$&
Ð2h½Eðh½/>
Vr¼
#;2%` ,&12$&
eögh½BçVh½
/r¼
gIݽ
#;%.,&$,21;20%,*02$&
Ê7àá
×=eöYîgI/ݽ
#
Ö
3$%
Ö
3#
Þ
9eM
gIrs
W&$N3#YC;&+%-9eM+*0S&$+6%0,
BCHD
IJ,K
¦¥
>=>>33c8
HÀ
&
23>^Þß^n#
(
L
M^n#
%
7#
eFEn#
FCBD
dtT
fveögI×=/h½RIþqrs(
Ö
7MOQ&
AD3&Öݽ/iÜ
+
K·
+
³´/
RIeögh½JiÜ
+
³´
+
iÜ/ß*RI
&
V h ½
7 !7H g! 3"H +;&
V r ¼
?cP8 g
Hc3? 1&&
gIݽ3
PHcH g"Pc8H i&
ðh½
3 47! g7 4P! +;&
Ð2h½
7 "8! g? F!3 +;&
vw
P7P g3 FF3 +;&
´
"P? g3 333 +;&
ÖÂ4
|¼L7>^
%
h¹eögIh½þqrs/|÷
3P
Â4n3
!
í
#
(Ö
3
=
MOQ$+++M
í
#!
Â4
$(/
í
#?
Â4
$(5
í
#H
Â4
$
,
Q
í
#!
Â4
$%
M&5&Q?
í/qþceögh½7Ð
/iÝ×=ÊèBçV
&
Vr¼3
?cF8 g!cH? 1&&?
¥/>^AD7&/iÝ×
=eögh½0§jk³´
&
³©Ö
%
M
í/h½³©@no
&
rs/Vàá
5
í/h½BçVè³
&
rs/Vâ
ã
Q
íh½BçV/³©äÊ
M
,
5
í|¼
% /
í/gIh½rs|÷Eä
?
4
íäÞÖ
&
gIh½7iÝ×/(zè
Áà
&
17iÝzh½ë§ºi@no
&
V
h½`D7
4H i
KÝ×=
&
Vr¼3
!c4? g
Hc3? 1&&
äÞåÊ
M&5&Q?
4í
%
7&/
×=
&
ÇÂ4feö/gIh½RIß*¶RI
©9Tª
&
Â4¼Þß>^
&
Ê7
4H i
K
Ý×=h½jk³´1Bçд
#
Êðh
½
$&
7ð/³Ý´þ×=h½jkiÜ
&
ÊÚ
l
×ep
%
&/
í,
Q
í/Ð2h½
ÕÜÊVh½
&
h
M
í,
5
í/Ð2h½
wÞß´ÊVh½
#%n8c8H$%
FCFD
s
tTd
7c7c3#
RSXYTUFcd>+
#
feöu
/gIh½RIþqrs(Ö
7MlOQl%
uß
¸¤feö/gIh½CWQR
&
Â4|¼L7
>^
&
ÇÂ4feöu(/gIh½RI
rs/|÷CWQR
%
fueö/Vh
½7
7 FFF g ! ?43 +;
æ ç b
&
V r ¼ 3
?cP8 gHc8" 1&&
gIݽ3
P!cPH g"Hc7H i&
ð
h½7
7 8P7 g? 73! +;
æçb
&
Ð2h½3
? 8F? g? 4HP +;&
vw3
P4? g3 4PP +;&
´
3
PH? g3 348 +;%
7c7c7#
XYZQeRSfTUghijFk
l
#
(Ö
?M
ê+
)
feöuVh½iÜ
&
EveöVh½/>7
333 g3 8!8 +;
æçb
&
ÖÂ4feö/Vh½RI9½Ç^
&
Â4
|¼L7>^
&
=
.
³
/
,
.
ÂÃÄ
/7
Â4
u(eö/Vh½RI9½Â
&
Vh½
>ÞßÜÊäÂ4
#%n8c8H $%
ön#A
ä
) .
G´
/(.
$â³f
/(.
M9
F
N
/
,
.
O¼´
f
/!
Â4feöu(
!
Vh½
"
Þ
ßQR
³
37
Â4fueö/Vh½
ÕÞßÜÊveö/
#%n8c8H$%
7c7c?#
X Y Z Q e R S f T U m h i j F
kl
#
Ö
?/
ê+
)
u߸¤feö/ðh
½Áà
&
Eveöðh½/>7
3F gH48 +;&
Â
4|¼L7>^
%
ön#Aä
) .
G´
/(.
$â
³f
/(.
¾¿
/
,
.
O¼´f
/ !
Â4feöu
(ðh½ÞßQR
&
³
37
Â4f
ueö/ðh½ÕÞßÜÊveö
#%n
8c8H$%
7c7c!#
XYZQeRSfTUnohFkl
#
Ö
3P
! " # $
!"
%
#
Ö
7#
fveöEueögIh½rs
W&$N7#=%.,&$S&.+(.&,C+*0S2()%,&S2.,%0+6 %< <2D)%,2< .,%0+6 ()+62.,*,
MOQ
3veögIh½rs
&MlOQl
3ueögIh½rs
¯Órs3ݽRIrs
%
MOQ%02,62)&$*02.(),62;%.,&$S&.+(.&,C+*0S2()%,&S2.,%0+6& %< MlOQl%02,62)&$*02.(),62;%.,&$S&.+(.&,C+*0S2()<2D)%,2< .,%0+6
Ö=c3Â4MN
Y62*1@20.& -2$2< %02,62.20&%-*1@20()+*-,&S%0.N
% Y62.%12@2-(TN
?5
ê+
)
feöuvw/RIß*7Â
4¼L7>^
&
vw/RIæç7
O"H g!H8 +;
|¼
%
76h/
3P
]Â=
&.
",¯°
/(.
µf
3
N
/(.
¶·
/
,
.
M9
F
N
/ !
Â4feöu
vw³´
&
ÕEveöÞß>^
%
³
37
Â4=Ò
.
$â¹f
/
uvwÞß
RIc
&
äÕÞßÜÊveö/
#%n8c8H$&
=
.
³
/
,
.
ÂÃÄ
/7
Â4u(eö/
vwRI9½Â
&
vw>ÞßÜÊäÂ
4
#%n8c8H$%
7c7cH#
XYZQeRSfTUpqijFkl
#
ôÖ
?Q
ê+
)
feöuÐ2h½iÜ
&
Ð2
h½>7
! g"F! +;
|¼
&
ÖÂ4|¼L7Þß
>^
#%n8c8H$%
>^n#Aä
).
G±
/(.
G´
/(
7P
#N
33
z §V]
)
eöAçe
feögIþ^/ïð
Ö
?#
fueöEveöþ^>^
W&$N?#Q&)202,S%-*2@2,T22 <2D)%,2< .,%0+6 %< %,&S2.,%0+6
Ö=~ècdA67
8N8H
º>^Þß
%
>1%--2,20.<2(,2S%0&2,C<&)202+2.%,,628c8H -2S2-().&$&)&+%+2@2,T22 +*-,&S%0.& ,6202.;2+,&S2+(-*1N
.
)E
/(.
$â³f
/(.
¾¿
/
,
.
O¼´f
/P
Â
4feöu(Ð2h½ÞßQR
&
³
38
Â4feöuÐ2h½ÕÞßÁ
à
#%n8c8H$%
7c7cP#
XYZQeRSfTUrshFkl
#
ô
Ö
?J
ê+
)
feöu´/RIß*7
Â4¼L7äÞ>^
#%n8c8H$&
´/RIæ
ç7
O77! g7FH +;
|¼
%
>^n#Aä
).
G±
/(
.
¶·
/(.
½04
/
,
.
¾¿
/!
Â4feöu
(
!
´
"
ÞßQR
&
³
37
Â4=
&.
Â
³
/(.
)E
/(.
Y;äf
/
,
.
O¼´f
/!
Â4
feöu´Þß³´
#%n8c8H$&
Íc
F
Â4/´ÞßiÜ
#%n8c8H$%
7c7c"#
XYZQeRSfTUght6Fkl
#
Ö
?W
ê+
)
feöuVr¼/RIEÂ
4£¦LM
%
EveöL
&
é
7
Â4fu
Ö
!#
fueöEfveögIݽ>
W&$N!#Q&)202,S%-*2();%.,&$,21;20%,*02
@2,T22 <2D)%,,2< .,%0+6 %< %,&S2.,%0+6
Vr¼ÞßQR
&
Ê
.
)E
/
/Vr¼Þ
ßé å
& .
$ â ³ f
/
/ V r ¼ Þ ß 5 (
#%n8c8H$&
³
3!
Â4feöu(V
r¼/>^ÖÞß
&
=
.
G±
/( .
¶·
/( .
ÀÁ
/(.
ÂÃÄ
/
,
.
M9
F
N
/ H
Â4/Vr¼
?P
! " # $
!"
%
#
7u(DsCWQR
%
äu߸
feögIrVr¼:ïðÖÂ
%
7c7cF#
XYZQeRSfTUcdujFk
l
#
(Ö
!
ê+
)
u߸¤feögIݽ³
´
%
ön#Aä
)
Ò
.
µf
3
N
/
,
.
O¼´f
/7
Â4/gIݽ7u(ÞßQRc
&
³
3!
Â4feöugIݽÕÞß³´
#%n8c8H$&
ÇÂ4|¼/gIݽ>ÆL7Þ
ß>^
%
FCHD
6x
Ö
H
ê +
)
f e ö A ç e
² @ 3
7cF!I o8c48I&
ÇÂ4|¼L7>^
%
7xh/
3P
Â4=
3?
Â4/eöAçe
²@Õ
7
7I g!I
|¼
&
rO/
F3c7HI% .
$â¹f
/
/eöAçe
²@д
&
å3
8c4PI& .
Â
³
/
eöAçe
ÐÜ
&
3
!cH8I%
LMn#Aä
)
feögIþq:
#
Ê
9eM
þq
$
EeöAçe
²@@LM
###
Ö
H#
ÖÂ4feöe
²@
W&$NH#5(,2,().*0)%+2.,%0+6D-&;&< ()+62.,*,
^
%
7
"
9eM
þq=
&
!
þqÕEeö
Açe
²@ÞßLM
&
=Vh½
(
ðh½
,Ð2h½EeöAçe
²@/LM^Bç£
Þß
#%n8c83$&
LMÃná3
8cP4"&8cPH"
,
8cHH"&
vwEeöAçe
²@/LM^
BçÞß
#
LMÃ
8cH?H&%n8c8H$%
Íc
?
þqEeöAçe
²@ÞßLM
^
#
Ö
P$%
Ö
P#
eöe
²@Eueö,veö
9eM
þq>/LM^
W&$NP#5(002-%,&( @2,T22 .,%0+6D-&;&< +(,2,%< <&)202,S%-*2()9eM+6%0%+,20&.,&+S%-*2
!A67
8c8H
ºÞßLM
>&$&)&+%,+(002-%,&( %,8c8H -2S2-&
!!A67
8c83
ºÞßLM
>&$&)&+%,+(002-%,&( %,8c83 -2S2-N
?#
øEEeE
eö
O
À
ú4Ó
À
ú
&
eöE
Å/|¼/Lêÿ¥ên3Êëeö
O
ÅÀ
ú
,ºëeö
O
ÅÀ
ú
7
í
&
|×ÅÆÀ
·
%
=
&
ÅEÊëeöe
|/ì
eL
eöíÃgI
(
î,.{ïð/>?ÿ¥
#
]
& 7838$%
T56Aä
)
feögIþ^i{W
ïð
&
7@×½ºEfÂ4M
%
ÂÒf
eöAçe
/²@7
7I g!I
|¼
&
ôÌÇ
fÂ4/eögIh½þqrsíCWQ
R
&
7ÇgIþq:
#
Ê
9eM
þq
$
/iÜ
´³´º
&
u߸¤feögIþ^CWQR
%
u
&
feögIh½iÜ
&
gIݽ³´
&
=
.
³
/
,
.
ÂÃÄ
/7
Â4/RIÐ3Þß
&
h
.
G´
/(.
$â³f
/
,
.
O¼´f
/
ã
?
Â4
/ïð~
%
vw,´/iÜ´³´xV
h½
(
ðh½,Ð2h½RI/ïð
&
1EÂ4M
â£
%
ãäÿfeöAçe
L7r
&
eö/gIixç@×½/>?
&
¤+gIÝ
½Ü
&
BçVh½a"/r¼X
&
1ØgIh
½´
%
feöuÎÏÐgI
&
h½Áà
&
á
ñ@^CWQR
&
ãEä4íeöõ/56e
Fª
#
]
& 7838$%
ëfeö
9eM
gIh½RIADò
&
7iÝ
×=eögh½jkiÜ1BçV
&
&h½
³´17l
ݽK·mz·ð³´1³çð
&
7µ/´þ×=
&
eögh½nñoiÜÊ
Úl
gI×ep
%
ôÌÖÂ4feö/g
Ih½rs|÷L7@>^
&
t|֐n3
!
4í
%
Pã4>^/v:ê)xeöÀ
ú^
Å/ïð
#E(00&.( "()N& 344? E(00&.(& 34FF
]
& 7838$%
óÒ56õýG
&
eö=/ºëeö
!P
#N
33
z §V]
)
eöAçe
feögIþ^/ïð
EÊëeö²@ìÖ
(
eönÍ@Â~¶eö
ÃÃËÂ~ÖÊdïðeö/gIþ^
&
AD
3gIh½rs|÷Ö
&
ãDóÆgô7¥¥
/hdeF=
#_$02d%."()N& 7887 X22,2-."()N&
344P 92<
&
&
feöu(gIh½þqrs/R
I
&
TF/ýG
&
eöe
²@iïðfeö
/gIþ^
&
ëhQReö^Å
&
ïðf^
ÅÜ
%
! " # $
ä
&
Ükî
N788"N
eö
O
íÀ
ú/56D÷¶é
N
ö÷
à$
& #7$ ) FH OF"N
§V
&
#
¡
&
;øù
&
]
N7884N
feögIþ^EeöÃÃ
˶Êëeö²@/MÃ
N
=_ú"#$
& !7#3$ ) 7H3 O7P8N
#
&
åä
&
×0û
&
]
N788HN
ïuE*uïö/
Q>5
árs,
9eM
þq
N
º»Â$$,
)
ú"EWü#$
ý
&?3#H$ ) H3F OH7?N
¢£¤
&
!
#
þ
&
ÿ!"
&
]
N7884N
xfÂ4kfÂÅ/#
©
ª
N
b?!56
& 7"#7$ ) 78 O7"N
;¤
&
¡
#
,
&
$%&
&
]
N788PN
~íeö/562é
N
4Í
&
7H#P$ ) H3 OH!N
ó
#
&
Mx
&
ó()
N7887N
*GÊëeöEºëeö/n¨+
I
N
=O!$`$,
& 77#7$ ) ?8 O?!N
#
¡
&
§V
&
;øù
&
]
N788F%N
ÖÂ4f(eög
Iþ^56
N
Â#$
& 74#7$ ) !?H O!?4N
#
¡
&
§V
&
;øù
&
]
N788F@N
ÖÂ4f(Ó®ñ
,nRI56
N
!"#$56
& 73#7$ ) 3H8 O3H?N
#
&
-
#
.
N7838N
()^R^eö
N
fA
)
=_/$"`ý
0
& 3P? O3P4N
_x
&
12
N3444N
_bcf#$562é¶Céß*
N
ì
G!"56
& 37#7$ ) " O37N
¡
&
234
&
5x6
N344PN
fÂÅ/I$nn#,©ª
N
w7ú"#$
& 7!#!$ ) ??8 O??3&??!N
¡¨,
&
8
#
9
&
§°:
&
]
N788HN
=_F\©
*
f ªÍ%
N
f
A
)
=_!"`ý0
N
_$02d%.B&W%*+620/&/20,0%< Q&"()*7887NB22,&+%%-C.&.(),62
.&Z2()2<(.;201 .,%0+6 $0%*-2.& %1%;;2< .2$02$%,&$T62%,
;(;*-%,&(NU(*0%-()5202%->+&2+2& ?H#3$ ) 38? O38"N
X22,2-.UME&e-&2,Ye&G%-.,0%=N344PNB2-%,&( %< 02,0($0%<%,&( ()
+(+2,0%,2< .,%0+6 .C.,21.) 3N B2-%,&(NW((< RC<0(+(-(&<.&
38#?$ ) ?!? O?H?N
L&%$K& X&$UE& >6&6 WWN7887N=%.,&$;0(;20,C<&)202+2.()
+(1120+&%-%< &.(-%,2< 0&+2.,%0+6 T&,6 %<<2< -&;&<.%<
"
D
+C+-(<2:,0&N5202%-5621&.,0C& "4#P$ ) F37 OF3FN
E(00&.( G 9N344FNL&;&<.& +202%-.,%0+62.) %02S&2TNU(*0%-()
5202%->+&2+2& F#3$ ) 3 O3HN
E(00&.( G 9& Y2.,209 W& >%;25 J& "()N344?N>T2-&$%<
$2-%,&&Z%,&( ()+202%-.,%0+62.N_eN>(122)2+,.()-&;&
5621&.,0C& "8#!$ ) ?FH O?43N
92<
0&+2)-(*0;%.,2.%< ,62&002-%,&(.6&; ,(%1C-%.2+(,2,%< 0&+2
a*%-&,CN5202%-5621&.,0C& "3#P$ ) H!F OHH7N
>&.T(C(YMN788!N=6C.&+(+621&+%-+6%0%+,20&.,&+.()1-&d(#S7":3
A7"327$ .,%0+6D-&;&
G%$LA& G6&,2=UN3448N>,0*+,*02%< ;6C.&+(+621&+%-;0(;20,&2.()
.,%0+62.)0(1 (%,T&,6 <&)202,-&;&< +(,2,.N5202%-5621&.,0C&
3"#H$ ) !!? O!H8N
G%$LA&G6&,2=UN344!N>,0*+,*02%< ;0(;20,&2.()%1C-(.2(
&,2012<&%,2 1%,20&%- () (%, .,%0+6N 5202%- 5621&.,0C&
"3#?$ ) 7P? O7PFN
A6(* AX& /-%+6%0< 5& R2-&T2->N788?NW%,C%+&< +(1;(.&,&( ()
,60220&+2S%0&2,&2.)(-(T&$.,(0%$2NU(*0%-()5202%->+&2+2&
?"#?$ ) ?7" O??HN
!
!"#$
#
vwx
"
HP