以杜鹃红山茶为材料,采用石蜡切片法观察花芽分化过程,研究该过程与外部形态的相关性及其代谢产物的变化。结果表明:杜鹃红山茶花芽分化于5—9月间持续不断进行,该时段内能观察到处于不同分化阶段的花芽; 其过程可分为生理分化期、花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期。杜鹃红山茶花芽分化过程与其外部形态特征之间有着相对稳定的关系,可以通过花芽形态特征来对其进行判别。花芽分化期可溶性蛋白质含量先升高后降低,可溶性糖含量及可溶性糖/可溶性蛋白质先降低后升高; RNA、总核酸含量及RNA/DNA的变化趋势一致,均随花芽分化逐渐升高,在花瓣原基分化期达到最高,雄蕊、雌蕊原基分化期降低,而DNA 含量在整个过程中一直处于较低水平且变化平缓。
The paraffin section method was used to observe the process of flower bud differentiation of Camellia azalea. Metabolites in the process and the correlation between flower bud differentiation and its external morphology were studied. The results showed that the flower bud differentiation of C. azalea progressed continuously from May to September, during which the flower buds in different differentiation phases could be observed at anytime point. The process of flower bud differentiation could be divided into six phases: physiological differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation, stamen and pistil primordium differentiation phases. The process could be identified by the external morphology according to the stable relations between the differential phases and the corresponding morphological characteristics. The content of soluble protein in the flower bud increased at first and then decreased, and soluble sugar content and the ratio of soluble sugar and soluble protein were opposite during the flower bud differentiation. The changes in RNA and total content of nucleic acid were similar to the change of RNA/DNA, which gradually increased with flower bud differentiation and reached a peak in the phase of petal primordium differentiation, then gradually declined in the phase of stamen and pistil primordium differentiation, while DNA content was low and changed gently in the process of flower bud differentiation.
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