免费文献传递   相关文献

Selection of Winter Dust-Bathing Sites by Brown-Eared Pheasant in Huanglong Mountains Nature Reserve, China

陕西黄龙山自然保护区冬季褐马鸡沙浴地选择


2006年11—12月和2007年1月, 在陕西黄龙山采用样带法对褐马鸡冬季沙浴地选择进行研究。在选定的8条样带上测定54个利用样方以及96个对照样方。 结果表明: 褐马鸡沙浴地偏好利用下坡位、阳坡和半阴半阳坡以及山坡面和山脊, 对中坡位是随机选择, 避免选择中上坡位、阴坡和山沟。对林型的利用无选择性。对利用样方和任意样方进行比较, 褐马鸡冬季通常选择水源距离、林边距离和人为干扰距离较小的低海拔地方作为其沙浴地, 且其沙浴地以乔木数量低及其盖度、高度和直径较小、灌丛数量和高度较小但盖度大、草本盖度和高度较大以及可视度高为主要特征。褐马鸡也选择岩洞作为沙浴地, 占总沙浴地的35.19%。对19个岩洞和35个非岩洞沙浴地进行比较, 表明岩洞沙浴地具有人为干扰距离大、坡度大、可视度低、乔木数量和盖度较大而直径小、灌丛数量和盖度大、草本高度较高的特征。逐步判别分析表明: 人为干扰距离、坡位、林边距离、海拔、可视度、灌丛盖度和乔木数量具有重要作用, 由这7个变量构成的方程在对冬季沙浴地利用样方和对照样方进行区分时, 正确判别率可以达到93.60%。

Selection of dust-bathing sites used by brown-eared pheasant was studied by using a transect method in Huanglong Mountains Nature Reserve, Shaanxi, China from November 2006 to January 2007. Along the 8 sampling transects, 54 sites used by brown-eared pheasant and 96 random plots were set. Brown-eared pheasant preferred the dust-bathing sites located on lower slope, sunny slope, half sunny slope, upper slope side and ridge, avoided the sites on mid-upper slope location, shady slope and gully, and selected randomly vegetation type. Comparing with random plots, dust-bathing sites were usually set at lower altitude close to human disturbance, water source and edge of woods. On the sites, there were a small number of trees with small cover, diameter, and height, a small number of shrubs with small height and large cover, and abundant grasses with large cover and greater height that were noticeable. In Huanglong Mountains brown-eared pheasant frequently used caves as their dust-bathing sites, accounting for 35.19% of total dust-bathing sites. Dust-bathing sites in caves were relatively farther from human disturbance, lower visibility, and on steeper slopes, and had a big number of trees with large cover and small diameter, many shrubs with large cover and tall grasses. Distance to human disturbance and edge of woods, slope location, altitude, visibility, cover of shrub and number of trees were critically factors to discriminate the used sites and random plots. The overall classification model developed from those 7 variables was successful to distinguish dust-bathing sites from random ones at probability of 93.60%.


全 文 :N!"
% N
33
z
7 8 3 3
Q
33
R
! " # $
>5_JVY_M >_LeMJ >_V_5MJ
e(-c!"&V(c33
V(SN&7 8 3 3
GI¶Fâg§KÄÜ*CÒéH?¡Ü9ù
!
bef
3
#
gOh
7
#
Dij
?
#3N
X»èæ$`Wü#$E¦§$`
#
ƒÝ
!8F388 7N
‰wÂ$Wü#$$`
#
‰w
"3P888
?N
Ifú!#¦Â$:_EŠ0$`
#
¹é
"37388$
%
#
&
!#788P
Q
33+37
R,
788"
Q
3
R
&
7GI¶F⦥]Þ1šÒéH*C?¡Ü9ù2356
%
79
@/
F
n]Þºò@
H!
…¤¥]0µ¶
4P
…š›]0
%
eFAä
)
ÒéH?¡ÜÔ¤¥—ID
(
DI,Êa
ÊDIµ¶âIç,âJ
&
š=IDŠ&9ù
&
ÆÅ9ù=ºID
(
aI,âK
%
š!“/¤¥†9ù^
%
š
¤¥]0,‹«]023™Œ
&
ÒéH*C&Æ9ù”_§¨
(
!Χ¨,3º½§¨Œ~/´åæÜ0ÿ3
˜?¡Ü
&
ؘ?¡Üµ~ā@´¶˜L½
(
ܽ,Êˌ~
(
M]@,ܽŒ~‰L½Â
(
mTL½,ܽ
ŒÂµ¶êú½Ü3Ó®þq
%
ÒéHÆ9ù@Nÿ3?¡Ü
&
rO?¡Ü/
?Hc34I%
š
34
…@N,
?H
…Å
@N?¡Ü23™Œ
&
Aä@N?¡Ü{’3º½§¨Â
(
I½Â
(
êú½´
(
~ā@,L½ŒÂhÊË~
(
M
]@,L½Â
(
mTܽŒÜ/þq
%
j/Oán#Aä
)
3º½§¨
(
ID
(
!뤬
(
åæ
(
êú½
(
M]L
½,~ā@{’ƒ®ÿ¥
&
ôã
"
…R@L„/0×7š*C?¡Ü¤¥]0,š›]023Ünr
&
K$O
á©êµBç
4?cP8I%
()
)#
ÒéH

?¡Ü

j/Oán#

¶Fâ
*+,-.
! 4^HFc3###
#$/01
!M###
#23.
!3883 O"!FF#7833$33 O884? O8P
ŽSz
) 7884 O33 O7"
‘Sz
) 7838 O8! O8P%
9’“
)
Õxt#$¦§56ƒc“
#78P3!F$
ƒÝéÕP#$¦§“
#XU383?38$ %
!ÍHû3&¤ÿ¥
%
,"$"8)7%(%*[7()"2!>4).L1);7(O ,7)"4?9 L2%A(.+12"5=;"141()
7(]>1(O$%(O 0%>()17(4G1)>2"/"4"2#"& <;7(1
L&R($a*
3
#L&% A621&
7
#562 5*$2
?
#3*-2)"A"2C!4C"@14"71"(7< D"1/72)2A0& W(7AT"Q253()U74F"5.40#-/27AN47A !8F388
7*-2)"A"2C!4C"@14"71"& W(7V(7 U74F"5.40#W(7V(7 "3P888 ?*-2)"A"2CH".2:51"(7<
#7F45273"7()@14"71"& Q25/\".+]GU74F"5.40#W(7A)47A "37388$
:?4)218))#>2-2+,&( ()<*.,D@%,6&$.&,2.*.2< @C@0(TD2%02< ;62%.%,T%..,*<&2< @C*.&$%,0%.2+,12,6(< &
R*%$-($E(*,%&.V%,*0292.20S2& >6%%:&& 56&%)0(1 V(S21@20788P ,(U%*%0C788"NM-($,62F .%1;-&$
,0%.2+,.& H! .&,2.*.2< @C@0(TD2%02< ;62%.%,%< 4P 0%<(1;-(,.T202.2,N/0(TD2%02< ;62%.%,;02)2002< ,62<*.,D
@%,6&$.&,2.-(+%,2< ( -(T20.-(;2& .*C.-(;2& 6%-).*C.-(;2& *;;20.-(;2.&<2%< 0&<$2& %S(&<2< ,62.&,2.( 1&*;;20.-(;2-(+%,&(& .6%@%,6&$.&,2.T202*.*%-C.2,%,-(T20%-,&,*<2+-(.2,(6*1% <&.,*0@%+2& T%,20.(*0+2%< 2<$2()T((<.Nb ,62.&,2.&
,6202T202%.1%-*1@20(),022.T&,6 .1%-+(S20& <&%12,20& %< 62&$6,& %.1%-*1@20().60*@.T&,6 .1%-62&$6,%<
-%0$2+(S20& %< %@*<%,$0%..2.T&,6 -%0$2+(S20%< $02%,2062&$6,,6%,T202(,&+2%@-2N_ R*%$-($E(*,%&.
@0(TD2%02< ;62%.%,)02a*2,-C*.2< +%S2.%.,62&0<*.,D@%,6&$.&,2.& %++(*,&$)(0?Hc34I (),(,%-<*.,D@%,6&$.&,2.N
Q*.,D@%,6&$.&,2.& +%S2.T20202-%,&S2-C)%0,620)0(16*1% <&.,*0@%+2& -(T20S&.&@&-&,C& %< ( .,22;20.-(;2.& %<
6%< %@&$*1@20(),022.T&,6 -%0$2+(S20%< .1%-<&%12,20& 1%C.60*@.T&,6 -%0$2+(S20%< ,%-$0%..2.NQ&.,%+2,(
6*1% <&.,*0@%+2%< 2<$2()T((<.& .-(;2-(+%,&(& %-,&,*<2& S&.&@&-&,C& +(S20().60*@ %< *1@20(),022.T202
+0&,&+%-C)%+,(0.,(<&.+0&1&%,2,62*.2< .&,2.%< 0%<(1;-(,.NY62(S20%-+-%..&)&+%,&( 1(<2-<2S2-(;2< )0(1,6(.2"
S%0&%@-2.T%..*++2..)*-,(<&.,&$*&.6 <*.,D@%,6&$.&,2.)0(10%<(1(2.%,;0(@%@&-&,C()4?cP8IN
@"9 A%254)#@0(TD2%02< ;62%.%, <*.,D@%,6&$.&,2. .,2;T&.2<&.+0&1&%,%%-C.&. R*%$-($E(*,%&.
! " # $
!"
%
#
##
ÒéH
#-52..264)27 3(71/:541:3$
ŠìGи
Qí|
#_[5V& 788!$&
ŒÛ_p3R¸ú4
#
Ô
ŽQ]
& 344F$%
˜(nÈÜ-ST
&
Ó®nÈ
ÊâI;§â
(
GI¶Fâ
(
¸f~ÅUâ,fAY
6â]Ü/stÜÜ
#
PV]
&344F$%
ôÊg§j
Œ/de
&
˜nÈÜõŒõƒnW„
?
…Üä
&
n
á|„
?
…ܸ4k
&
ÊâI;§âq/=t4
k
(
¸fEfAÜÜ/Yt4k,GI/It4k
#A6%$"()N&7887$%
X3^Qí/SOÅ»â&
ÆAD3y+
(
—YZ‚ÜV,Y¼[°
#
–\’
]
& 3443 L* "()N& 7887$%
7&[°z¼
&
Qíê
µ&DŽ8=aá1ĸ\¹
&
µ¶]‚\—/
‰Wƒ
&
µªûüHVšZ^/_`
#
–\’]
&
3443 56%0-2."()N& 344? L* "()N& 7887
mak
]
& 788" 7838$%
:&
&
Qíš?¡Ü/Š0{’
9ù^
%
=ÒéHhb
&
(õb’˜BC,.C
?¡Ü/,-
#
mak]
& 788" 7838$&
õ‘’š
ÒéH/*C?¡c°Üþq2356
%
õ’56
AäÉ*zc°ÜÅ@ŠïðdíLO©/M,:
Í|
#\(*$"()N& 3443 =20`&."()N& 344"
R(1% "()N& 7888$%
Ó®ù—Š‚ú)µ,´Ý
&
‚rjú[ó
&
ŸUeL
&
fgnÀ>
&
ÎÐcç
Z^/hŠ
%
:&
&
ã0ç/56’·Ê4.˜*
C?¡Ü/þqµ¶¸.˜7*C£Álm—(Œ
zՊ0/
&
ëh’·Êš˜¦]’bš^/KÄ
[%
TF,-4
788P
Q
33+37
R,
788"
Q
3
R7GI=¶Fâ!ܚÒéH?¡Ü9ù/56
eF
%
3#
56ÜÜE01
BCBD
-.ö÷
GI¶FâÒéHg§KÄÜ
# ?Hw7Fl+
?Pw87lV&384w?Fl+338w37lJ$
Dʉwé/¶F
(
ÿi
7
>¸Gß
&
ÜßGf¶3ÜvYOt/¶F
âjÜ
&
-ÊnÈæç7åæ
4P7cP g3 "F?cH 1&
L
šÜ>
F78c4 1&
OçŸ
3 4!7 `1
7
&
!ÜçŸ3
3 PF7 `1
7
%
56ÜcË7KÄÜ/Ä!Üfkâ!
Ü
&
{alm+F6
#
mak]
& 788"$%
BCFD
IJ/0
3c7c3#
©A4¤F{ª
#
fkâ!܊ÒéHn
È/Ä!Ü
&
ÓÔ
38P&38"
,
384
!l
&
OçŸ3
HFP 61
7
%
¦¥mÈc1ËE]Þ
&
]s¼§â
788 1&
0FëYFI
&
qËE
F
n]Þ
&
]ވD:
78 1&
OX
7Fc47 `1&
µS3ÒéH/?¡ÜDE
%
€Z&9]
3
n23?¡ÜS3
&
€n]sÚ¿
n
?
ñ
&
h¹?¡Üþq
&
oCDÒéHÌu?¡
Ü
#
’ÒéHuU/ÑÓ\¹
$&
ŠãÌuµ?¡Ü
3KpÅlmh@
&
9µ&3=!
&
(FCD҅Ì
u?¡Üqr
&
›ÊË
78 1
b/?¡Üú3‚
…
%
µ?¡Ü3=!9]
3
…
38 1j38 1
/Â]
0
(!
…
H 1jH 1
=]0,
H
…
3 1j3 1
~]0
%
~]0ËE01
)
›
38 1j38 1
]0/€nš;

!
]n
&
7
3]!(3]7
,
?]!
ßÇ]
3
…
3 1j3
1
/~]0
&
q]
H
…

=]0ŠßÂ]0]n
%
Â]0ò@E~ÄLM/:Í
&
=]0ò@EM]
LM/:Í
&
~]0ò@EmTLM/:Í
&
˜ä:
Í:;F6
#
mak]
& 788"$&
ò@ÇW0Š0R
@(—
)
åæ
(
jŒí“
(

(
IF
(
ID
(
ܸ^
(
”_§¨
(
3º½§¨
(
!줬
(
úŸ§¨
(

ÏL½
(
~Ä/@
(
ܽ
(

(
MÄÏL½
(

/4@,ܽ
(
mTL½,ܽ,êú½
%
ôÊ
ÒéH*C/’|?¡Ü9ù7@N=
&
:&)ò
@4ã|@N/B½
(
:½,ܽ
%
3c7c7#
e«4¤F{ª
#
3Kýš›]0/&
^
&
¦¥Ãö]00ös]1
#
¡Aå]
&3444$&
ò@‚]/W0R@
%
{a013
)
756Üäb
€Î
788 1
ËE
3
n]s
&
0FëYFI
&
q
F
n
&

788 1
ËE…]0
&
¤š›]0/s]çŸ
9TeLl…56Üä
%
h¹56Ü/çŸ,|
÷
&

4P
…š›]0
%
&c
&
(F7š›]0b
CDÒéH/?¡Ü
&
=µÒ‹]0
%
BCHD
IJŠ‹
¦¥
U%+(@.
1
#U%+(@.&34"!$
n#ÒéHš*
CšjŒí“
(
IF
(
ID,ܸ^]
!
4W}:
Í/¤¥Šã’9ù^
%
Œ¥N…[½t07d
dýÒéHšºè
!
4W}:͊ã’9ù^
&
§n¥9ù‡/”Áœîn#ÒéHšã
!
4W}:Í=u|í“Ô´ÆÅ
%
¤¥ˆ…]
T/
X(-1($(0(SD>1&0(SD
7d¹ŠãJK}n
È
%
ÿ¹Ð…K}nÈr
&
¤¥]T/

7d
&
ÿ¹ÖЅK}nÈr
&
¤¥
E%D
G6&,2CU
7d
&
š?¡Ü]0E]Þ=/&]
0
(
?¡Ü=@NEÅ@N/W0:Í/>^2
3n#
%
¦¥j/Oán#
&
šÒéH*C?¡Ü¤¥
]0,š›]0/W}:Í23n#
&
µ$@ïð
ÒéH*C?¡Ü9ù/M,:Í
%
¹¦¥
E2% o>Q
A6
&
a’/ö”n#Õ7
>=>> )(0
G&<(T.#3?c8$
HÀÓ=D„
%
!4
#N
33
z mak]
)
GI¶Fâg§KÄÜ*CÒéH?¡Ü9ù
7#
eFEn#
FCBD
ê12345T
ÒB.Ïc
&
ÒéH7*Cƒ?¡/à^
%
ÒaZ
(
³UZ´x纽c
&
&7Z9vw
(
ß
,†êr23
&
±=`D7
37) 88+3!) 88

%
2j=Y?¡r
&
ÒéH…aŒxÜyz
&
Üç|
„€÷~z
#
ÊË
3H g?8 +1&
B
H g38 +1$&
§D
Š{fD
&
Ör|Ŋa
&
¤¬3%±sŠ
&

ƒ
&
’|?¡Ü%7ô
&
‰ÎҊnY/
&
rO/
?¡Ü
F?cH3I&
Ø?¡Ü3ÅäÞܙš›]0
VHº»
%
FCFD
346™7"#d89tu
788P
Q
33+37
R,
788"
Q
3
Rz¼
&
q‚
č
H!
…ÒéH¤¥/?¡Ü
%
š˜=/ní:
Í
&
ÊjŒí“
(
ID
(
IF,ܸ^23N…[½
t07d
#
A
3$%
eFAä
)
ÒéHšID
#
#
7
m
38c8?!& <)m 7&%m8c88" n8c8H $(
IF
#
#
7
m
3H7c!F&<)m7&%m8c888$
,ܸ^
#
#
7
m 33cH8?&
<)m7&%m8c88?$
/¤¥’9ù^
%
ÒéH?¡Ü
Ô¤¥—ID
(
DI,ÊaÊDIµ¶âIç,
âJ
&
ÆÅ9ù=ID
(
ºID
(
aI,âK
%
š=
IDŠ&9ù
%
ÒéHš!“
#
#
7
m7cH!7&<)m
7&%m8c7F3$
/¤¥†9ù^
%
6
BD
ê12s:ý346*,-"#d;SP<
!
-1?EBD )^7$7_1)7%(1(54"$"8)7%(%*%257(1$#1271?$"47(5>4).?1);7(O 47)"4>4"5?9 ?2%A(."12"5&;"141()5>27(O A7()"2

W%+,(0
“
_,21
Gø¤¥™ì
M+,*%-;0(;(0,&(
*.2<# 7 mH!$
z„¤¥™ì
J:;2+,2< ;0(;(0,&(
*.2<# 7 m4P$
9ùÁ
=02)202+2
¤¥lm
[.2
ID
>-(;2-(+%,&(
ºID
[;;20.-(;2 8c??? ? 8cH34 ! O8c?P" ! V=
=ID
E&< .-(;2 8c78? " 8c78F ? O8c83! 3 9
—ID
L(T20.-(;2 8c!P? 8 8c7F3 7 8c?"H F =
#
7
m38c8?!& <)m7& %m8c88"
IF
>-(;2<&02+,&(
DI
>*C.-(;2 8c74P ? 8c8?3 ? 8cFH" ? =
ÊDI
R%-).*C.-(;2 8cPPP " 8c!?" H 8c!!8 3 =
aI
>6%#
7
m3H7c!F& <)m7& %m8c888
ܸ^
B2($0%;6C

B*-C 8c8"! 3 8c7"8 F O8cP!H ? V=
âIç
>-(;2.&<2 8cP33 3 8cH78 F 8c3F7 ? =
â¾
9&<$2 8c?3! F 8c78F ? 8c7"3 " =
#
7
m33cH8?& <)m7& %m8c88?
##
%
=)
;}
=02)2002< V=)
Ö;}
V(,=02)2002< 9)
&9ù
9%<(1.2-2+,&(N
##
&™Œ*C?¡ÜE&]0/@I:
Í
&
CDÒéH&Æ9ù”_§¨
(
!Χ¨,3
º½§¨Œ~/´åæÜ0ÿ3˜?¡Ü
%
˜?¡
ܵ~ā@´¶˜L½
(
ܽ,Êˌ~
(
M]
@,ܽŒ~‰L½Â
(
mTL½,ܽŒÂµ¶
êú½Ü3Ó®þq
#
A
7$%
6
FD
ê12s:ý346;Sw>q‘Fs=w>q‘d«>
!
-1?EFD<%&1274%(4%*#1271?$"4?")A""(>4"541&$"1(58%()2%$41&$"4%*?2%A(."12"5&;"141()
7(5>4).?1);7(O 47)"45>27(O A7()"2
R@
e%0&%@-2.
¤¥]0
[.2< .%1;-2.# 7 mH!$
š›]0
5(,0(-.%1;-2.# 7 m4P$
R %
åæ
M-,&,*<2]1 3 7?Fc7! o!7N?! 3 7"8cH7 o387N"3 O7c8!"
8c8!?
!

>-(;2<2$022]#w$ 77c4? oFNP? 7!cH? o"N!F O3c34? 8c7?H
”_§¨
Q&.,%+2,(T%,20.(*0+2]1 3?4c3H oPHN88 747c4! o773NF? O?cP3P
8c888
!!
!뤬
Q&.,%+2,(2<$2()T((<.]1 3!7cHP oFFN3! ?8!c"H o?77N8" O3c4F"
8c8!"
!
3º½§¨
Q&.,%+2,(6*1% <&.,*0@%+2]1 7PFc7P o3"PN"P P?Pc?4 o?4FNP8 OHcP33
8c888
!!
388 1
7
~ā@
V*1@20()%0@(0.;20388 1
7
Pc88 o!N87 "c4H o!N48 O7c8PH
8c8?4
!
~ÄÊË
Q&%12,20()%0@(0.]+1 3PcHF oPN"8 73c3! o4N?4 O?cP47
8c888
!!
~Äܽ
R2&$6,()%0@(0.]1 FcH" o3NH7 38cPH o7N"! O!cP3H
8c888
!!
388 1
7
Mā@
V*1@20().60*@.;20388 1
7
3F4cF! o"8NFH 7HHc47 o3?8NH? O?c3"4
8c887
!!
MÄܽ
R2&$6,().60*@.]1 3c?P o8N?H 3cH4 o8N?H O?cF?8
8c888
!!
mTܽ
R2&$6,()$0%..2.]+1 37c78 o?N8F 38cP? o!N3H O?c377
8c887
!!
~ÄÏL½
5(S20()%0@(0.#I$ 8c!? o8N3? 8c!4 o8N3F O7c378
8c8?P
!
MÄÏL½
5(S20().60*@.#I$ 8c!? o8N3! 8c?" o8N3F 7c84H
8c8?F
!
mTÏL½
5(S20()$0%..2.#I$ 8c?7 o8N84 8c77 o8N3H !c!"?
8c888
!!
êú½
e&.&@&-&,C+-%..#I$ 8c!P o8N3" 8c7H o8N3H OPcP33
8c888
!!
##
% !
%n8c8H&
!!
%n8c83 A) E% G6&,2CUD,2., ) _<2;2<2,.%1;-2.D,2.,N
—‚
Y62.%12@2-(TN
H4
! " # $
!"
%
#
FCHD
?@sê12:ý346P7‚òç/
H!
…?¡Ü=
&
’
34
…DÊ@N
=
&
rO?¡Ü/
?Hc34I&?H
…Ö7@N=
&
rO
/
P!cF3I%
&š@N,Å@N
7
4?¡Üí“
23n#,™Œ
&
êµCD7ÒéH¤¥/@N?
¡Ü{’3º½§¨Â
(
I½Â
(
êú½´
(

@,L½ŒÂhÊË~
(
M]@,L½Â
(
mT
ܽŒÜ/þq
#
A
?$%
6
HD
ê12:ý346?@w>FA?@w>q‘d«>
-1?EHD<%&1274%(4%*#1271?$"4?")A""(81#"41(5(%(.81#"4%*?2%A(."12"5&;"141()5>27(O A7()"2
R@
e%0&%@-2.
@N
5%S2.# 7 m34$
Å@N
V(D5%S2.# 7 m?H$
R %
åæ
M-,&,*<2]1 3 7!8c88 o7N8F 3 7H3c?F oH3N?7 O3c7H7 8c733

>-(;2<2$022]#w$ ?7c?" oHN4" 3"cF8 o!NH3 O38c84!
8c888
!!
Ðє_§¨
Q&.,%+2,(T%,20.(*0+2]1 3!3c!" oPFN8H 3?"cH8 oP!N3F O8c348 8cFH8
!뤬
Q&.,%+2,(2<$2()T((<.]1 3PHc!7 o47N7F 3?7c!3 oFPN8! O3c8F7 8c7FP
3º½§¨
Q&.,%+2,(6*1% <&.,*0@%+2]1 ??Fc3P o"PN"8 7?8c?3 oP"N77 3cP8"
8c833
!
388 1
7
~ā@
V*1@20(),022.;20388 1
7
Fc7" o?NHF !c48 o?N!8 O7cP3!
8c884
!!
~ÄÊË
Q&%12,20()%0@(0.]+1 3?cFP oPN"3 3Fc8H oPN?3 7c7"P
8c87"
!
~Äܽ
R2&$6,()%0@(0.]1 Fc?? o3N?4 Fc"H o3NP3 8cFF7 8c?F?
388 1
7
Mā@
V*1@20().60*@.;20388 1
7
77Pc7P o"7N3H 3P?c7? oH"NF3 O?c7H?
8c887
!!
MÄܽ
R2&$6,().60*@.]1 3c!H o8N?! 3c?7 o8N?H O3c?4P 8c3P4
mTܽ
R2&$6,()$0%..2.]+1 3?cHF o7N"P 33c!P o?N87 O7cH?4
8c83!
!
~ÄÏL½
5(S20()%0@(0.#I$ 8c!F o8N33 8c?F o8N3! O7c74H
8c877
!
MÄÏL½
5(S20().60*@.#I$ 8c!F o8N3H 8c?4 o8N3H O7c3P4
8c8?H
!
mTÏL½
5(S20()$0%..2.#I$ 8c?! o8N8" 8c?7 o8N38 O8c7HP 8c"4F
êú½
e&.&@&-&,C+-%..#I$ 8c?4 o8N38 8cH8 o8N3F 7c?FH
8c873
!
##
šDÊ@N=/
34
…?¡Ü23n#
&
êµò
`ÒéHš@N?¡ÜǓò@‡W9ù/RÅæ
çŒÂ
&
˜=RÅæçÐÂ/Š@N/X½
&
Ð~/
Š@N/B½
%
ëOaºò
&
ÒéH9ùX½ŒX
(
B½Œ~,ܽz=/@Nÿ3?¡Ü
#
A
!$%
FCID
ê12:ý346™7"#dBCDE,K
ëj/Oán#/eF
#
A
H$
ò`
&
7Ün¤
¥]0Eš›]0º’ÃpW}:Í7CEÿ
¥
&
ë›6†/Â~ëñ3
)
3º½§¨
(
I
D
(
!뤬
(
åæ
(
êú½
(
M]L½,~ā@
%
6
ID
ê12:ý?@346dtu
-1?EID<;1218)"274)784%*81#".5>4).?1);7(O 47)"4
%*?2%A(."12"5&;"141()5>27(O A7()"2
R@
e%0&%@-2.
]T@
V*1@20()
.%1;-2.
R^æç
e%0&%+2
0%$2]1
ŸÕ†
E2%]1
Wo>
>Q
Ü
R2&$6, 34 8c!H g3c48 3c84 8c!?
B
Q2;,6 34 8c?H g8c48 8c"! 8c3F
X
L2$,6 34 3c88 gHcH8 7c"F 3cHF
ôã
"
…R@L„/0×7š*C?¡Ü¤¥]0
,š›]023Ünr
&
K$Oá©êB
4?cP8I%
6
JD
ê12:ý346s=õq‘dBCDE,KxF
-1?EJD<%(4"`>"(8"%*);"4)"&A74"5748277(1()1(1$9474%*;1?7)1)#1271?$"4?")A""();">4"541&$"
1(58%()2%$41&$"4%*?2%A(."12"5&;"141()7(A7()"2
oN
V(c
R@
e%0&%@-2.
G&-`f.
$
OáÁ
5(2)&+&2,.
G
Þß^
>&$N
3
3º½§¨
Q&.,%+2,(6*1% <&.,*0@%+2 8cF48 O7cFFH 37c4F4 8c888
7
ID
>-(;2-(+%,&( 8cH?" 3cH!" !!c43" 8c888
?
!뤬
Q&.,%+2,(2<$2()T((<. 8c!"" 8c"P" ?"cPF8 8c888
!
åæ
M-,&,*<2 8c!8" 3c884 ?"c3F? 8c888
H
êú½
e&.&@&-&,C+-%.. 8c?"8 8c!33 ?!c?!4 8c888
P
MÄL½
5(S20().60*@. 8c?!! 8cF84 ?3c"3? 8c888
"
388 1
7
~ā@
V*1@20()%0@(0.;20388 1
7
8c7F4 O8c"3! ?!cF8! 8c888
?#
øE
ÿ3ú4SÆWO/æ¼
&
W03ú4564
‚ú
(
”_
(
fgnÀ,}€Aa]:_nÀ
&
šú
4·ðWL}’ÖB‚ïð
&
ŠéÅú4Cé2
I/ƒ®/W}:±
#
\‰]
& 344F$%
T“56
CD
)
GI¶FâÒéH*C?¡ÜÓ®9ù7—
ID
(
DI´¥ÊDI
(
âJ´âI
(
åæܽ´
(
d
P4
#N
33
z mak]
)
GI¶Fâg§KÄÜ*CÒéH?¡Ü9ù
є_,!Î
(
3º½§¨ŒÑ
(
~ā@´¶˜

(
ܽ,Êˌ~
(
M]@,ܽŒ~‰L½
Â
(
mTL½,ܽŒÂµ¶êú½Ü3Ó®þq
/Ü0
#
A
3&7$%
j/Oán#/eFÆÞ63
º½§¨
(
ID
(
!뤬
(
åæ
(
êú½
(
M]L½
,~ā@Šƒ®/W}:Í
#
A
H$%
ãÒ4’¤
ʃÆZ^,íhŠ/:±c
&
ê))E¶Fâ
98nÀ’M
&
ʶF⺟U%%·ðçN
7
Q
7
R
%
Uÿ3…ƒ?:͚dHíc°Ü/9ùÆ
{W@/ïð
#\(*$"()N& 3443 >1&,6 "()N&
3444
¡„]
& 788H $%
7Üåæ
(
IºD,a
I
&
ôʳU,ݽŒ´
&
Üåæ,âaºtõd
×
&
јZ‚,OÅÞ2Ö9
&
ʊÒéH*Cjk
F´åæ—ID…ø
%
¶Fâº/ŸUÓ®`D7
aIµ¶ÜåæÜÜ
&
ÒéH9ù7´åæ
(
—I
D
(
DI´ÊDI?¡êµ›ôŸUhÞ2OÅÖ
9¾¿çд
%
‚r
&
—ID,DI
&
ŸUst´t
n†I
&
¤ÒéH7‡lÜçÏЏˆç‚ú
&
ê¾
¿YZ‚OÅ/)@º‹
%
h‚óšÅú9ùւ/c°Ü’äÞ/ï
ð
&
Åúêµ&9ù’‡ÆÅh‚¥/c°Š0
2³´Œh‚/êë
#R(*,1% "()N& 344F$%

FâÜÜÒéH/Z^’‰Z
#+11464"5A"74)4.$(
Š
Z
#+11464"574.:.$
,³‹
#G()12477:71:):.$
]µ¶
~“Œí(Ž
#%5427(4):5:.;"7A()"7.4.$(

#X")".3")".$(
¶‘
#X:.")( .4;4541($
,’“
#Z:)6".
F:)6".$
]
%
7*C
&
mTjú9Tõyw
&
UUÿ
U\ÆõUU
&
ãP„fgnÀ>
&
šã|h‚¥2
ŠYÿ/úÙêµÎÏÐCD,h*”ú
&
‚r
&

FâÜÜ*C9Ý-´
&
ÒéH9ù=Y?¡Üd
•0ç)ÇÖЌZ^CD´Ð–—
&
͍0ç
)Ç8==N/)@
%
:&
&
˜?¡Ü§¨!Ό
Ñ
&
êú½ŒÂ
#
A
7$%
êú½Â
&
˜úÙYÿ
&
9
Ê5(CD^„蘖2>!=
%
!Î~ā@,
L½~
&
’¤Ê*]DŽ›y]ß
%
M]L½ŒÂ
&
ÙcS3CD
&
MÄL½ŒÂr
&
˜Ü½ŒÜ
&

jŒÆƙŒæ˜
&
ã=|„4
!
©™!
" #
û°š
]
& 3443$&
9ÊÒéHOÅ
%
M]L½ŒÂ
&
ʒ
¤Êfg
&
Æêµ*+@DŽ›y
%
šŠ›d
# %/(.4(7:. 1241/41:.$
, Ÿ é H
# -52..264)27
/(53(74$
/56ÆCD
&
M]/eLEL½Šïð
ã
7
4dí/ƒ®:±
#5%,&"()N&34F4 L2;,&+6&
3447 >1&,6 "()N& 3444 L* "()N& 7887$%
7âa
—t
&
*C—Uµ
&
2â/äÞ¾¿
&
ãK
8œôʍ3º½§¨ÑÞ2/êë
%
’56Aä
)
0§Åú7Xz2I×=
&
j
k|„šŠ09ù/IJ^
&
‰ã4IJ^1Åõ
ö
&
ҁÅúšŠ0/9ù{’‰|êœ^
#
ú
“
& 7883$%
ÒéH.C,BCµ¶ŸéH,žé
H
#-52..264)27 152..264)27$
Å}€C»?¡Ü9ù
Ò7>!/ÎÏ
&
7CD^„r蘖2sç/M
]´bU!
#
mak]
& 788" 7838 L* "()N&
7883 7887$%
h7¶Fâ*C)’
?Hc34I
9ù@
N
#
A
?$%
9ù@Nÿ3?¡Üê)ŠÒéH՚
¶Fâ*Cõž1Áàfg^/ƒ®çà
%
@N
7DI
&
bt’™ŒVH/º3
&
hØgŸ‘’ê
&
aµKÝ^-
%
&56ÆCD
)
ã|@N{’
X½X
(
B½~,ܽz=/þq
#
A
!$&
v:ŠÒ
éH*C’±k/Dó
&
€ñ?¡ŠÒ……a
ô
&
@NX½ŒX
(
B½Œ~’¤Ê5(CD^„h
–—
&
‚r
&
ÒéH1֊9ùc°W0ba’/@
Nÿ3?¡Ü
&
hŠ9ù{’—pþq/@Nÿ3
?¡Ü
)
3º½§¨Â
(
I½Â
(
êú½´
(

@,L½ŒÂhÊË~
(
M]@,L½Â
(
mT
ܽŒÜ
#
A
?$&
µªÿÒéH7@Nb?¡rŒ
Z^,íCD/ê)^³´
&
:&êµßã
49ùòÿŠ4gh‚/çà
%
¶FâÒéH*
C’±k/Dó
&
ҵւ0Ã/ …kOÅ3Ó
&
&S3ÒéH’Ò……a7ô?¡/à^
&
h
¹xrOÌ
&
ÒéH1Å7ô?¡
&
’/Š
3
…
&
’/Š
7
…
&
ã]ê)’¤ÊÃÃ|Ŋ 
&
¤¬3
%±sŠ
%
7ô/
7
…ŠãŠ}€C»¬š…
a
&
)"®2/56
%
! " # $
mak
&
ÍHû
&
Lh
&
]
c788"c
GI¶Fâ!ÜÒéH}€C
»=Yx°Ü9ù
c
W}$·©
& 7P #4$ ) 3!87 O3!8Pc
mak
&
ÍHû
&
Lh
c7838N
GI¶Fâg§KÄÜÒéH.
C?¡Ü/9ù
N
Ifú!#¦Â$$,
)
g§#$ý
&
?F#?$ ) H4 OP!N
–\’
&
¢IF
&
‹Mï
N3443N
=_dí
+++
ÒéH
N
fA
)
=_
!"`ý0
N
P
#
V
&
ԎQ
&
¡B_
N344FN
éH/ní
(
nȶ¢IMÃ/”
/÷ø
N
Åú$,
& !!#7$ ) 3?3 O3?"N
\‰
&
¹«Z
&
¶”¾
N344FN
ú4Ò]^56EKÄ
N
£H
)
º
»#$¦§`ý0
N
ú“
N7883N
ÅúW}$v¸
N?
ý
N
fA
)
fAèæÂ$`ý
0
& 7"3 O7"7N
û°š
&
S©Æ
&
m¤¥
N3443N
žNX-d
]]
P¦B
&
–(§
&
Œ
¨©
N
= _ “ v R ¸ H í
N
Ü H
)
Ü M # $ ¦ § ` ý
0
& ?7F O??FN
"4
! " # $
!"
%
#
¡Aå
&
éM_
N3444N
ª«*CW0/Ô
N
Åú$56
& 78#H$ )
?HH O?H4N
¡„
&
¬­_
&
w
#
®
&
]
N788HN
IŸUH¾åà4/4kIJ
eL,ܸR^
N
Åú$,
& H3#P$ ) 38!! O38!4N
ԎQ
&
; â
N344FN
ÒéH
]]
zV
N
=_R¸Åú³ÀÖ
#

$N
fA
)
#$`ý0
& 7!7 O7!?N
5%,&95& Q*1` )9Y& =&-.BEN34F4NR%@&,%,*.2%< 1(S212,.()
)21%-20&$O2+`2< ;62%.%,.<*0&$)%-%< T&,20NU(*0%-()
G&-<-&)2E%%$212,& H?#7$ ) !P7 O!"HN
56%0-2.9 /& L2% / /N344?NQ(.T%-(T..*@%,62,(+(,0(-
2+,(;%0%.&,2.2 M 2:;20&12,%-,2.,N5(<(0& 4H#?$ ) "7F O"?8N
R(1% R U& L&ZBE& /-2&20G UN7888NG&,206%@&,%,*.2%<
.*0S&S%-())21%-20&$D2+`2< ;62%.%,.#%/(.4(7:.12)1/41:.$ &
>(*,62%.,20 V(0,6 Q%`(,%NM120&+% E&<-%< V%,*0%-&.,& 3!?#7$ )
!P? O!F8N
R(*,1% 9& Q&-LEN344FNY62&)-*2+2();02<%,&( 0&.` ( <&2,
.2-2+,&S&,C) %,62(02,&+%-%%-C.&.NJS(-*,&(%0CJ+(-($C& 37 # ? $ )
7H3 O7P7N
_[5VN 788"N _[5V 92< L&., () Y602%,22< >;2+&2.& B-%<&
>T&,Z20-%U%+(@.UN 34"!N *^%,&,%,&S2 12%.*0212,())((< .2-2+,&() M
1(<&)&+%,&( (),62 )(0%$2 0%,&( %< _S-2Sf.J-2+,&S&,C _<2:N
b2+(-($&%& 3!#!$ ) !3? O!3"N
L2;,&+6 QUN3447NG&,206%@&,%,*.2@C62 ;62%.%,.& .(*,620
_<%6(NU(*0%-()G&-<-&)2E%%$212,& HP#7$ ) ?"P O?F8N
L* K& A62$BEN7883NR%@&,%,.2-2+,&( %< *.2@C6C@0&< T6&,2%<
Y&@2,% 2%025%%<&% U(*0%-()A((-($C& "4#7$ ) ?34 O?7!N
L* K& A62$B EN7887NR%@&,%,*.2()Y&@2,% 2%02< ;62%.%,
-52..264)27 /(53(74)-(+`.& ,62 (D@022<&$.2%.(N _@&.&
3!!#3$ ) 3" O77N
=20`&.ML& 5-%0`G9& Y200CA& "()N344"NJ)2+,.()-%<.+%;2%<
T2%,620( T&,20.*0S&S%-()0&$D2+`2< ;62%.%,62.NU(*0%-()
G&-<-&)2E%%$212,& P3#?$ ) P?! OP!!N
>1&,6 > M& >,2T%0,V U& B%,2.UJN3444NR(120%$2.& 6%@&,%,
.2-2+,&( %< 1(0,%-&,C ()0&$D2+`2< ;62%.%,. # %/(.4(7:.
12)1/41:.$ & V(0,6D52,0%- E%0C-%V%,*0%-&.,& 3!3#3$ ) 3FH O347N
\(*$L& A62$BE& A6%$AGN3443NG&,201(S212,.%< 6%@&,%,
*.2@C5%@(,/.Y0%$(;% D5(A26(7 1(;24& .(*,62%.,20 56&%N
_@&.& 3??#7$ ) 373 O37PN
A6%$AG& A62$BE& A6%$BB& "()N7887NQ&.,0&@*,&( %<
=(;*-%,&( >,%,*.()/0(TDJ%02< =62%.%,& 56&%N[X) G(0-<
=62%.%,M..(+&%,&(& 43 O4PN
!
!"#$
#
¦§¨
"
F4