2006年11—12月和2007年1月, 在陕西黄龙山采用样带法对褐马鸡冬季沙浴地选择进行研究。在选定的8条样带上测定54个利用样方以及96个对照样方。 结果表明: 褐马鸡沙浴地偏好利用下坡位、阳坡和半阴半阳坡以及山坡面和山脊, 对中坡位是随机选择, 避免选择中上坡位、阴坡和山沟。对林型的利用无选择性。对利用样方和任意样方进行比较, 褐马鸡冬季通常选择水源距离、林边距离和人为干扰距离较小的低海拔地方作为其沙浴地, 且其沙浴地以乔木数量低及其盖度、高度和直径较小、灌丛数量和高度较小但盖度大、草本盖度和高度较大以及可视度高为主要特征。褐马鸡也选择岩洞作为沙浴地, 占总沙浴地的35.19%。对19个岩洞和35个非岩洞沙浴地进行比较, 表明岩洞沙浴地具有人为干扰距离大、坡度大、可视度低、乔木数量和盖度较大而直径小、灌丛数量和盖度大、草本高度较高的特征。逐步判别分析表明: 人为干扰距离、坡位、林边距离、海拔、可视度、灌丛盖度和乔木数量具有重要作用, 由这7个变量构成的方程在对冬季沙浴地利用样方和对照样方进行区分时, 正确判别率可以达到93.60%。
Selection of dust-bathing sites used by brown-eared pheasant was studied by using a transect method in Huanglong Mountains Nature Reserve, Shaanxi, China from November 2006 to January 2007. Along the 8 sampling transects, 54 sites used by brown-eared pheasant and 96 random plots were set. Brown-eared pheasant preferred the dust-bathing sites located on lower slope, sunny slope, half sunny slope, upper slope side and ridge, avoided the sites on mid-upper slope location, shady slope and gully, and selected randomly vegetation type. Comparing with random plots, dust-bathing sites were usually set at lower altitude close to human disturbance, water source and edge of woods. On the sites, there were a small number of trees with small cover, diameter, and height, a small number of shrubs with small height and large cover, and abundant grasses with large cover and greater height that were noticeable. In Huanglong Mountains brown-eared pheasant frequently used caves as their dust-bathing sites, accounting for 35.19% of total dust-bathing sites. Dust-bathing sites in caves were relatively farther from human disturbance, lower visibility, and on steeper slopes, and had a big number of trees with large cover and small diameter, many shrubs with large cover and tall grasses. Distance to human disturbance and edge of woods, slope location, altitude, visibility, cover of shrub and number of trees were critically factors to discriminate the used sites and random plots. The overall classification model developed from those 7 variables was successful to distinguish dust-bathing sites from random ones at probability of 93.60%.
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