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Ovule Abortion and Its Mechanism for Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia

四倍体刺槐胚珠败育及其机制


四倍体刺槐的胚珠败育可分为3个阶段。初期败育:发生在花冠展开后5~30天之间,合子处于休眠状态,平均败育率为51.9%,败育胚珠体积较小、轻度至深度枯黄色,败育胚珠的有胚率为0,因而属无胚胚珠败育,发生原因可能与果实生理落果有关;中期败育:花冠展开后30~50天之间,球形原胚、心形胚已逐渐形成,平均败育率为30.3%,败育胚珠体积较小、表面部分枯黄色、周围有黄色透明液体,败育胚珠的有胚率为33.2%;后期败育: 花冠展开50天后,子叶胚已逐渐形成,平均败育率为72.6%,败育胚珠干瘪、较小、棕黄色,败育胚珠的平均有胚率为70.8%;中、后期败育属有胚、无胚胚珠同时存在的胚珠败育,其发生的原因主要是幼胚的畸形死亡。花冠展开15天之后的胚珠发育期间,败育胚珠生长促进类内源激素(GA3, IAA)水平低于正常胚珠,生长抑制类内源激素(ABA)水平及ABA / (IAA+GA3)明显高于正常胚珠,因此,四倍体刺槐胚珠败育也可能与胚珠内源激素异常有关。

Ovule abortion of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia was divided into 3 phases. Initial phase occurred between 5 days and 30 days after coronal opening, zygote in dormancy, and the average abortion rate was 51.9%. The abortion ovules had less volume without embryo and displayed deep yellow color, belonging to ovule abortion without embryo. This abortion could be related to physiological fruit drop. Middle phase abortion occurred between 30 days and 50 days after coronal opening, with spherical embryo and heart-shaped embryo formed. The average abortion rate was 30.2%, abortion ovules had less volume and displayed deep yellow part of surface with yellow-transparent liquid on the margin. Around 33.2% of the abortion ovules possessed embryo. Last phase abortion occurred after 50 days after coronal opening, with cotyledonary embryo having gradually formed, and the average abortion rate was 72.6%. The abortion ovule was shriveled, had less volume, and displayed deep yellow color. Approximately 70.8% for abortion ovules had embryo. Middle and last phase abortion belonged to the ovule abortion that was either with embryo or without embryo, and the abortion was mainly caused by death and abnormal of young embryo. In the ovule development period 15 days after coronal opening, the contents of growth-promoting endogenous hormones(GA3, IAA) in abortion ovules were always lower than in normal ovules, and the content of growth-restraining endogenous hormone(ABA) and the ratio of ABA/(IAA+GA3) for abortion ovules were always higher than that for normal ovules. The results suggested that the abnormal endogenous hormones were likely a cause of the ovule abortion of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia.


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