利用文献调研法、问卷调查法、访谈法、利益相关者分析法、机会成本法和意愿调查法等,分析闽西梅花山国家级自然保护区建设对社区居民的影响,从生态补偿主体、客体、标准、资金来源和方式等方面探讨闽西梅花山国家级自然保护区生态补偿机制。结果表明: 大部分社区居民对闽西梅花山国家级自然保护区的建立持赞同态度; 保护区的建立使大多数社区居民收入减少,而社区居民没有得到相应的补偿; 社区居民面临着缺少资金、补偿制度缺失和缺乏生产技术等问题; 根据利益相关者分析和意愿调查,确定闽西梅花山国家级自然保护区生态补偿的主体为公共利益的代表者各级政府、受益企业和旅游部门,生态补偿客体为社区居民; 依据发展权限制的损失和社区居民的受偿意愿,制定生态补偿的标准为每户每年3 800~5 000元; 通过问卷调查和统计分析,提出生态补偿资金来源主要为上级财政转移支付和中央财政专项基金; 提出了生态补偿方式为以资金补偿为主,实物与政策补偿为辅。
Using some methods such as document research,questionnaire survey,interview,stakeholder analysis,opportunity cost method and willingness investigation to analysis the influence on community resident caused by the establishment of Meihuashan National Nature Reserve in West Fujian,the paper discussed the ecological compensation mechanism of Meihuashan national nature reserve in west Fujian from ecological compensation subject,object,standards,fund sources and modes. The results showed that the majority of the community residents agreed to establish meihuashan national nature reserve. Establishing the nature reserve reduced incomes of most community residents,but they didn’t get corresponding compensation. The community residents faced some questions as lacking funds and compensation system and manufacturing technique. Based on the methods of stakeholder analysis and willingness investigation, the eco-compensation subjects of Meihuashan National Nautre Reaerve in West Fujina were determined as public interest representative such as governments at all levels, the benefited enterpriese and the tourism sector. In the other hand, the eco-compensation object was community resident. The eco-compensation standards were made for per household as 3 800~5 000 yuan per year depended on the losses of development limited and the willingness to accept by community resident. The eco-compensation capital sources were put forward by questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, which were mainly to be higher authorities‘ financial transfer payment and special funds of central finance. Last but not the least, the ways of eco-compensation were funds compensation first, substantial and policy compensation secondly.