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Histopathological Response in the Interaction between Cotinus coggygria and Verticillium dahliae

黄栌与大丽轮枝菌互作的组织病理学变化


采用石蜡切片和光学显微摄像的方法,对黄栌接种大丽轮枝菌后的组织病理学变化进行系统观察。接种大丽轮枝菌后黄栌不同组织部位受侵染的程度不同,叶部最高(18.83%),而枝条最低(6.72%)。菌丝首先由根的伸长区及成熟区侵入,而后出现在距根尖1~3 cm处的皮层薄壁细胞的间隙,接着进入根部的导管内,最终经茎部及枝条的导管到达叶部。大丽轮枝菌主要以菌丝形态存在于木质部导管内,且在导管中不连续出现。在病菌侵染过程中,受侵染黄栌的导管壁、薄壁细胞、皮层细胞增厚并且木质化,髓部、树脂道及其附近的分泌细胞内含物增加,薄壁细胞及木射线内有胶状物出现,导管内部产生胶状物、侵填体等物质,以此缩小导管内径或将导管堵塞,从而阻止病菌的扩展,但大部分健康的导管仍然可以维持植株正常的水分运输。虽然导管的阻塞具有致萎作用,但不足以影响到正常的生命活动。

Histopathological changes of Cotinus coggygria inoculated with Verticillium dahliae were observed by using paraffin sections and optical microscope photography. The results showed that the different parts of C.coggygria had different infection levels, with leaves the highest (18.83%), and branches the lowest (6.72%). After inoculation, the hyphae initially invaded the elongation zone and mature zone of roots, and then appeared in the intercelluar space cortex parenchyma cells within 1-3 cm of the root tip, and further went into vessels of the roots, then reached leaves through the vessels of stems and branches finally. V. dahliae mainly occurred in vessels of xylem in the form of hyphae, however it did not appear continuously. In order to prevent expansion of the pathogen after infected, wall of the vessel was thickened, inner diameter of the vessel was decreased by accumulating jelly and tylosis generated in the xylem, or even the vessel was totally blocked. When the C. coggygria was infected, the vessel walls, parenchyma cells and cortical cells were thickened, the inclusions of pith, resin canals and secretory cells nearby increased, the jelly appeared in the parenchyma cells and wood rays. Although parts of vessels were blocked with hyphae, jelly and tylosis to different extent, most of the vessels were healthy and were able to function water transport normally. The partial block of vessels sometime caused plants wilt, but the plant managed to maintain almost normal activities.


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鲍绍文等 黄栌与轮枝菌互作的组织病理学变化 图版
Bao Shaowen et al.: Histopathological response in the interaction between Cotinus coggygria and
Verticillium dahliae Plate
1.导管内出现的菌丝渊Hyphae, HP冤与纹孔渊Pit, P冤的病变曰2.导管内新生的菌丝多集中在导管壁的夹角或边缘袁导管因病菌
入侵而变形袁导管壁渊Xylem Vessel Wall, XVW冤增厚曰3.成熟的菌丝渊HP冤在导管内散乱分布曰4.皮层薄壁细胞的间隙中出现
的菌丝渊HP冤曰5.芽未发现被侵染曰6.上为健康的枝条袁下为病害的枝条袁箭头所指为棕色的病线曰7.受害而脱落的外皮层
渊Epidermis, Ep冤曰8.健康的外皮层渊Ep冤曰9.病害初期根部受害状曰10.病害后期根部受害状曰11.茎部受害的导管袁主要集中在次
生木质部曰12.枝条上初生木质部受害的导管遥
1.Hyphae appears in the vessel, and cause the pathological changes of pit; 2. Newborn hyphae Concentrated in the corner or the
edge of the vessel, infection cause the deformation of vessel and vessel wall has thickened; 3. Mature hyphae scattered distribute in
the vessel; 4. Hyphae appears in the cortex parenchyma cell; 5. No pathogen in the bud; 6. Healthy branch is the upper one, infected
branch is the lower one, arrow shows the brown line; 7. Shedding epidermis because of infected; 8. Healthy epidermis; 9. Symptom
of root in the initial stage of disease; 10. Symptom of root in the later stage of disease; 11.Infected vessels in stem mainly
concentrated in secondary xylem; 12. Infected vessels in branch mainly concentrated in primary xylem.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
1.叶部受害的导管被菌丝渊HP冤完全阻塞曰2.箭头所示袁叶部健康的导管曰3.导管内刚出现的侵填体渊Tylosis, T冤及胶状物
渊Jelly, Je冤曰4.导管内成熟的侵填体渊T冤曰5.箭头所指袁健康的导管渊V冤和薄壁细胞渊PC冤曰6.胶状物(Je)将导管的内壁几乎完全
包裹住曰7.红色的胶状物渊Je冤将导管完全堵塞曰8.充满胶状物渊Je冤的导管袁下部箭头所示为导管狭小的末端曰9.管壁增
渊XVW冤厚的导管内袁具有颗粒状的胶状物渊Je冤曰10.受菌丝渊Hp冤侵害的导管纹孔渊P冤袁导管壁渊XVW冤增厚曰11.薄壁细胞
渊Parenchyma Cells, PC冤尧木射线渊Wood Ray, WR冤内的胶状物袁增厚的薄壁细胞的细胞壁曰12.排列紊乱的薄壁细胞渊PC冤及附
近的木射线渊WR冤出现红色的胶状物遥
1.Infected vessels in the leaves were blocked by hyphae; 2. Arrow shows healthy vessels in leaves; 3. The newly emerging tylosis
and jelly in vessels; 4. Mature tylosis in vessels; 5. Arrow shows healthy vessels and parenchyma cells; 6. Jelly fully surround the
vessel; 7.Vessel were blocked by jelly; 8. Vessels were full of jelly, lower arrow shows the end of vessel; 9. Granulated jelly in the
vessel, and the thickened vessel wall; 10. Pits were infected by hyphae; 11. Jelly in the parenchyma cells and wood rays, and the
thickened wall of parenchyma cells; 12. Jelly in parenchyma cells and wood rays, irregular arrangement of parenchyma cells.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
鲍绍文等 黄栌与轮枝菌互作的组织病理学变化 图版
Bao Shaowen et al.: Histopathological response in the interaction between Cotinus coggygria and
Verticillium dahliae Plate
1.受害的导管及薄壁细胞形成环形曰2.受害的导管及薄壁细胞形成扇形曰3.木射线渊WR冤尧薄壁细胞渊PC冤及导管渊Vessel, V冤内
都含有大量的红色胶状物曰4.受害的木射线渊WR冤及薄壁细胞渊PC冤的纵切面曰5.木射线渊WR冤内的颗粒状胶状物曰6.健康的木
射线渊WR冤曰7.木射线渊WR冤相连的导管渊V冤通常会出现病变曰8.箭头所示袁皮层薄壁细胞的增厚及变形曰9.树脂道渊Resin
Canal, RC冤内出现红色的物质袁附近分泌细胞渊Secretory Cell, SC冤内含物增加曰10.健康的树脂道及其附近的分泌细胞曰11.髓
部的薄壁细胞渊Pith Parenchyma Cell, PiPC冤内含物增加曰12.健康的髓部的薄壁细胞遥
1.Infected vessels and parenchyma cells forming circular; 2. Infected vessels and parenchyma cells forming fan-shaped; 3. Large
amounts of jelly in Wood rays, parenchyma cells and vessels; 4. Longitudinal section of infected wood rays and parenchyma cells;
5. Granulated jelly in the wood rays; 6. Healthy wood rays; 7.Infected vessels always connect with infected wood ray; 8. Arrow
shows thickening and transformation of parenchyma cells; 9. Red material appears in the resin canals, inclusion of secretory cells
have increased; 10. Healthy resin canals and secretory cells; 11. Inclusion of parenchyma cells in pith have increased; 12. Healthy
parenchyma cells in pith.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
鲍绍文等 黄栌与轮枝菌互作的组织病理学变化 图版
Bao Shaowen et al.: Histopathological response in the interaction between Cotinus coggygria and
Verticillium dahliae Plate