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作 者 ：王葆芳 熊士平 任培政

期 刊 ：林业科学 1998年 34卷 6期 页码：12-21

关键词：干旱区；评价；防护林体系；乌兰布和沙地；

Keywords:Arid zone, Evaluation, Shelterbelt, Ulanbuhe Sands,

摘 要 ：对内蒙古西部磴口县新开发乌兰布和沙地人工绿洲防护林体系作了评价。试区土地开发建立防护林体系后,森林覆盖率由零增加到26.4%。研究结果表明:1)农田防护林网增产效益显著,林网内小麦、籽瓜、甜菜的单产分别比林网外提高45.77%、155.71%、25.0%。2)农田防护林体系建设6年后,即可盈利,第10年可收回全部投资,并盈利2.2217×10⁴元。3)年沙尘暴日数、扬沙日、浮尘日、尘卷风日、大风日等灾害性天气指标,林网内较林网外分别减少56.5%、56.8%、38.7%、63.9%、6.5%;年平均风速降低38.6%～63.2%。4)经鉴定,开发区有细菌7属10种、放线菌1属14种、真菌2属;荒漠区有细菌4属4种、放线菌1属8种、未见真菌。开发区1层(2～10cm)、2层(10～30cm)、3层(30～100cm)土壤的含盐量分别下降0.316%、0.136%、0.166%;pH值下降0.88。5)建立沙漠绿洲后,为野生动物和鸟类资源创造了良好的栖息繁衍环境,至1994年增长率为100%～400%。6)社会经济年平均增长率(P)为462.19%;开发区人口承载力开发后较开发前增加了33.1倍;开发前人均年收入98元,开发后人均年收入1356.12元。

Abstract:An evaluation on the shelter belts in a new oasis in Ulanbuhe Sands was carried out at the Dengkou County in western Inner Mongolia. The forest coverage in the study site increased from zero to 26.4% after the land development due to the establishment of shelterbelts. The result showed that: a) the crop yield per hectare inside the shelterbelts is 45.77% higher than that of outdside for wheat, 155.71% for seedsmelon, and 25.0% for beet; b) the new farmlands begin to gain at the sixth year after the establishment of shelterbelts, and all the investments can be take back at the tenth year with a profit of 22,217 RMB Yuan; c) the annual sanddust storm days inside the shelterbelts is 56.5% lower than that of outside, 56.8% for annual sandblowing days, 63.9% for annual dust devil days, 6.5% for annual gale days, and 38.6%～63.2% for annual average wind velocity; d) there are 10 bacteria species in seven genera, 14 actinomyces species in one genus, and two fungus gnera in the developed land, while only four bacteria specie in four genera, eight actinomyces species in one genys, and no fungus in the desert lands; Comparing with the desert land, the soil salt content in the developed land is decreased by 31.6%, 13.6%, and 16.6% at soil layer I(2～10cm),II(10～30cm), and III(30～100cm) respectively, and the pH is decreased by 0.88; e) the establishment of shelterbelts has greatly improved the habitats for wild animals and birds, which increased at a rate of 100%～400% in 1994;f) the human carrying capacity is increased by 33.1 times after the land development and the income per capita is 1356 RMB Yuan in the study year comparing to 98 RMB Yuan before the land development.

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