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Screening of Fungicides for Control of Ustilago avenae and Effects of Fungicides on the Seedling Growth of Oat

燕麦散黑穗病防治药剂筛选及其对燕麦幼苗生长的影响



全 文 :!23" !3#
 Vol.23  No.3
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ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  5%
  May.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.03.026
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犛犮狉犲犲狀犻狀犵狅犳犉狌狀犵犻犮犻犱犲狊犳狅狉犆狅狀狋狉狅犾狅犳犝狊狋犻犾犪犵狅犪狏犲狀犪犲犪狀犱
犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犉狌狀犵犻犮犻犱犲狊狅狀狋犺犲犛犲犲犱犾犻狀犵犌狉狅狑狋犺狅犳犗犪狋
ZHANGYuxia1,2,WANGGuoji1,2,YAOTuo1,2,MAWenbin1,2
(1.PrataculturalColege,GansuAgriculturalUniversity,Lanzhou,GansuProvince730070,China;
2.KeylaboratoryofGrasslandEcosystem,ministryofEducation,Lanzhou,GansuProvince730070,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Fungicidesforcontrolof犝狊狋犻犾犪犵狅犪狏犲狀犪犲werescreened.Theeffectsoffungicidesontheseed
linggrowth,drymatterweight,roottraitsandseedgerminationofoat,aswelas犝狊狋犻犾犪犵狅犪狏犲狀犪犲telio
sporesgerminationwereinvestigatedbasedonpetridishfiltergerminationmethod.Theresultsindicated
that33.5% Oxine-copperSChad100%suppressionratetothepathogenteliosporeof犝狊狋犻犾犪犵狅犪狏犲狀犪犲
andapromotingeffectontheseedgermination,accumulationofdrymatter,rootgrowthofoat.Thefun
gicideof45%ProchlorazESalsohad100%suppressionratetothepathogenteliosporeof犝狊狋犻犾犪犵狅犪狏犲
狀犪犲,buthadanegativeimpactontheseedgermination,drymatteraccumulationandrootgrowthofoat.
While25% AzoxystrobinSC,40% FlusilazoleEC,and25% DifenoconazoleEChadhigherinhibiting
effectsonpathogenteliosporeof犝狊狋犻犾犪犵狅犪狏犲狀犪犲,andnoinfluenceonseedgermination,drymatteraccu
mulationandroottraitsofoat.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Fungicide;Oat;犝狊狋犻犾犪犵狅犪狏犲狀犪犲;Chemicalcontrol
EFGH
:20140508;IJGH:20140828
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(1988),á,ÆǛŠ§,úË,ÌÍփ_]û¶]Çéê,Email:229851536@qq.com;:6x×Authorforcorre
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Table1 Basicinformationsoffungicides
Ë5
Treatment
óc)
Fungicide
Õ3±ü)"
Suggestedapplying
fungicidedose
ñÍQ
Manufacturer
±ü)"
Applying
fungicidedose
â>nJ"
Effectivecomponents
/g·hm-2
OC1
OC2
OC3
33.5%&W8s)
33.5% Oxine-copperSC
(OC)
300~450g·hm-2
g®ü÷



â@›r
Sinonchemical(China)CO.LTD
400g·hm-2
300g·hm-2
200g·hm-2
134
100
67
D1
D2
D3
25%†ââ‡Ýƒ
25% DifenoconazoleEC
(D)
1500~2000×
X„OüÊo)ƒâ@›r
NorthChinapharmaceutical
groupainoCO.LTD
1000×
2000×
3000×
A1
A2
A3
25%(cæs)
25% AzoxystrobinSC
(A)
150~225g·hm-2 >„(®ü\Râ@›r
HebeipesticidechemicalCO.LTD
225g·hm-2
150g·hm-2
75g·hm-2
56.25
37.5
18.75
F1
F2
F3
40%)*‡Ýƒ
40%FlusilazoleEC
(F)
30mL·hm-2
g®ü÷



â@›r
Sinonchemical(China)CO.LTD
60mL·hm-2
30mL·hm-2
15mL·hm-2
24
12

P1
P2
P3
45%Ä×ÉÝ)
45%ProchlorazES
(P)
900~1350×
>„(®ü\Râ@›r
HebeipesticidechemicalCO.LTD
500×
1000×
2000×
  •:“×”Ú+“Yn”。Œ
Note:“×”meanstimes.Thesameasbelow
1.2.4 ø¿ÉÊ´ûE9;MÅA p“à4v
¥

nI}2IeE`r26g(É1000q)` r¤
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5

ŒŽPÿcɉ`_<à
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Table2 Effectsofdifferentfungicidesontheteliosporesgerminationof犝狊狋犻犾犪犵狅犪狏犲狀犪犲 %
Ë5
Treatments
12h 24h
»’æ
Germinationrates
XOæ
Suppressionrates
»’æ
Germinationrates
XOæ
Suppressionrates
OC1 0.00±0.00c 100.00 0.00±0.00d 100.00
OC2 0.00±0.00c 100.00 0.00±0.00d 100.00
OC3 0.00±0.00c 100.00 0.00±0.00d 100.00
D1 6.11±1.12c 91.18 28.04±6.24c 65.93
D2 53.21±4.17a 23.16 64.12±16.71b 22.10
D3 68.79±4.07a 0.66 69.92±5.42ab 15.06
A1 0.00±0.00c 100.00 0.00±0.00d 100.00
A2 0.00±0.00c 100.00 0.00±0.00d 100.00
A3 0.00±0.00c 100.00 0.00±0.00d 100.00
F1 13.71±1.91b 80.21 28.04±6.24c 65.93
F2 60.01±5.14a 13.33 69.92±5.42ab 15.06
F3 68.82±2.88a 0.61 80.44±2.83a 2.27
P1 0.00±0.00c 100.00 0.00±0.00d 100.00
P2 0.00±0.00c 100.00 0.00±0.00d 100.00
P3 0.00±0.00c 100.00 0.00±0.00d 100.00
CK 69.24±2.49a 0.00 82.32±1.88a 0.00
  •:‹Œ4…wx+ÅãRœ‹(犘<0.05);OC_&W8,D_†ââ‡,A_(cæ,F_)*‡,P_Ä×,CK_<à;1、2、3_ó
c)ÝÑ؃I3A‹Œ‡e。Œ
Note:Differentsmalletterswithinthesamecolumnmeansignificantdifferenceatthe0.05level.TheOC,D,A,F,Parerespectively
refertoOxinecopper,Difenoconazole,Azoxystrobin,FlusilazoleandProchloraz;1,2,3meandifferentconcentrationsfromhightolow.The
sameasbelow
<1 €u)TcnÁ³´„ˆû¥oÔÕ
Fig.1 Effectsoffungicidesofdifferentconcentrationsontheseedgerminationofoat.
•

‹Œ4…wx+ÅãRœ‹
(犘<0.05);OC_&W8,D_†ââ‡,A_(cæ,
F_)*‡,P_Ä×,CK_<à;1、2、3_óc)ÝÑ؃I3A‹Œ‡e
Note:Differentsmallettersinthesamecolumnmeansignificantdifferenceatthe0.05level.OCOxinecopper;
DDifenoconazole;AAzoxystrobin;FFlusilazoleandPProchloraz.1,2,3meandifferentconcentrationsfromhightolow
2.4 TcnÁ³´ë0€q%oë"1f“N
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52?¥Š

-0~3mmIˆ·ä²ˆ·Itæü
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Table3 Effectsoffungicidesofdifferentconcentrationsontheshootlength,aboveground,undergroundbiomass
androottraitsof犃狏犲狀犪狊犪狋犻狏犪L.
Ë5
Treatment
‚·
Germinal
length/cm
‚¹~
Shootdry
/g·106-1
ˆù¹~
Rootdry
/g·106-1
ˆ²·
Rootlength
/cm·106-1
ˆ+Ž
Rootsurfacearea
/cm2·106-1
ˆuv0¿
Rootvolume
/mm
ˆ2
Rootaveragediameter
/cm3·106-1
OC1 64.27±3.50cde 5.88±0.21abc 2.95±0.32bcde 372.19±15.35bc 56.53±1.14ab 0.48±0.01fg 0.68±0.02ab
OC2 79.07±2.84a 6.37±0.53a 3.55±0.05a 385.60±13.76ab 57.21±1.46a 0.47±0.01gh 0.68±0.02ab
OC3 75.27±1.90ab 5.87±0.13abc 2.97±0.05bcde 416.39±3.43a 61.37±1.41a 0.47±0.01gh 0.72±0.00a
D1 55.50±0.52fgh 4.69±0.21bcd 2.54±0.07def 216.83±6.76ijk 36.38±1.57fg 0.53±0.02bcdef 0.49±0.01g
D2 54.47±2.00ghi 4.99±0.39cdef 2.55±0.12def 255.14±7.24efgh 44.95±2.45de 0.56±0.03abcd 0.63±0.01bcd
D3 60.67±0.28cdefg 4.76±0.31cdef 2.63±0.12cdef 287.40±2.98de 44.78±1.42de 0.50±0.01efg 0.56±0.03ef
A1 65.63±0.70cd 6.16±0.73ab 1.86±0.15f 195.52±9.85jkl 29.67±1.51hi 0.48±0.02fg 0.36±0.04h
A2 54.70±1.32ghi 5.16±0.54abcd 1.78±0.15f 190.63±5.57jkl 28.33±1.64hi 0.47±0.00gh 0.34±0.02h
A3 68.27±3.75bc 6.33±0.37a 1.79±0.15f 273.33±2.07defg 40.48±0.94ef 0.47±0.01gh 0.48±0.03g
F1 49.60±1.84hij 4.27±0.38defg 2.92±0.25bcde 279.34±7.16def 44.72±0.87de 0.51±0.02defg 0.57±0.01def
F2 41.57±1.44jkl 4.03±0.09defgh 2.49±0.16def 270.70±17.35defg 41.84±1.61e 0.49±0.01fg 0.52±0.02gh
F3 63.57±0.85cdef 4.90±0.30bcde 2.74±0.03bcde 348.74±13.02c 52.26±1.60bc 0.48±0.00fgh 0.62±0.02bcde
P1 47.43±0.99ijk 4.06±0.14defgh 2.51±0.29def 166.67±2.41lm 31.52±1.21gh 0.60±0.04a 0.48±0.02g
P2 42.07±2.30jkl 3.58±0.12efgh 2.28±0.06ef 189.41±5.86kl 33.23±1.26gh 0.56±0.00abcd 0.46±0.02g
P3 43.70±4.06jkl 2.83±0.32h 2.27±0.10ef 185.18±3.16kl 30.40±1.02hi 0.52±0.01cdefg 0.40±0.02h
CK 60.80±2.92cdefg 4.90±0.19bcde 1.86±0.10f 269.59±10.63defg 35.85±2.18fg 0.42±0.01h 0.38±0.02h
q4 €u)TcnklÁ³´ë0€q%oë"1f“NÔÕ
Table4 Effectsoffungicidesofdifferentconcentrationsonthepercentageofrootlengthamong
differentrootdiametersof犃狏犲狀犪狊犪狋犻狏犪L.
Ë5
Treatment
ˆ· Rootlength/cm·106-1 tæ Ratio/%
0.0~1.5mm 1.5~3mm >3mm 0.0~1.5mm 1.5~3mm >3mm
OC1 366.5080ab 2.7518bc 0.0683ab 99.23ab 0.75bc 0.02ab
OC2 378.8972ab 2.4993bc 0.0864ab 99.32a 0.65c 0.02ab
OC3 410.4947a 1.9792bcd 0.0000b 99.52a 0.48c 0.00b
D1 219.6827cde 1.6009bcd 0.0000b 99.27ab 0.73bc 0.00b
D2 281.2312c 2.8247abc 0.2430a 98.87ab 1.03bc 0.10a
D3 232.8280cd 2.6172bc 0.1606ab 98.81ab 1.12bc 0.07ab
A1 192.3449de 1.4307bcd 0.0000b 99.29ab 0.71bc 0.00b
A2 188.5301de 0.9321cd 0.0000b 99.51a 0.49c 0.00b
A3 267.7674c 2.5140bc 0.0882ab 99.06ab 0.91bc 0.03ab
F1 273.2153c 2.5853bc 0.0506ab 99.04ab 0.94bc 0.02ab
F2 267.2536c 1.0978cd 0.0135b 99.60a 0.39c 0.01ab
F3 342.6042b 0.8833cd 0.0000b 99.74a 0.26c 0.00b
P1 161.2159e 4.6037a 0.0726ab 97.19c 2.76a 0.04ab
P2 185.4870de 3.1312ab 0.0896ab 98.19b 1.77b 0.05ab
P3 182.8549de 1.0770cd 0.0000b 99.41a 0.59c 0.00b
CK 267.0127c 0.4588d 0.0000b 99.84a 0.16c 0.00b
  •:tæ+ŋŒˆ0¿LMIˆ·J,Œ
Note:Ratiomeansthepercentageofrootlengthamongdifferentdiameters.Thesameasbelow
2.5 TcnÁ³´ë0€q%oëqvw1“
NÔÕ
5`óc)‰`+ŽQ|JIÕÖß+5nÅ,OC¶F3Ë
5<0~1.5mm ˆ0¿Iˆ+ŽÕ֜‹,
¶<à¬tœ‹ùú

<Þ1.5~3mm ˆ0¿
Iˆ+ŽP1,P2,OC1 Ë5S<àœ‹¦Ñ,
-0~1.5mm ˆ0¿Iˆ+Žäˆù²+
ŽItæüP1,P2,D2 ¶ D3 Ë5œ‹ƒÞ<
à

|ýóc))‡eS<àãR‹œ‹

Η
c)<‹Œ0¿ˆ·Q|nätæIÕÖ2?
¥Š

026
!3# –[•:eE±XB_*Tü)ºpQ|q5 €u)TcnklÁ³´ë0€q%oëqvw1“NoÔÕ
Table5 Effectsoffungicidesofdifferentconcentrationsonthepercentageofrootsurfacearea
amongdifferentrootdiametersof犃狏犲狀犪狊犪狋犻狏犪L.
Ë5
Treatments
ˆ+Ž Rootsurfacearea/cm2 tæ Ratio/%
0.0~1.5mm 1.5~3mm >3mm 0.0~1.5mm 1.5~3mm >3mm
OC1 48.0577a 1.6388abc 0.0681ab 96.56abc 3.29bcde 0.15ab
OC2 48.9210a 1.4971bcd 0.0948ab 96.87abc 2.95bcde 0.18ab
OC3 52.4460a 1.1059bcd 0.0000b 97.94ab 2.06cde 0.00b
D1 27.8551def 0.9150bcd 0.0000b 96.82abc 3.18bcde 0.00b
D2 36.3687cd 1.7440abc 0.2474a 94.66bc 4.61bcd 0.73a
D3 31.2572cdef 1.6264abc 0.1664ab 94.49bc 5.01bc 0.50ab
A1 24.8271ef 0.7951bcd 0.0000b 97.06abc 2.94bcde 0.00b
A2 23.6277f 0.5454cd 0.0000b 97.75ab 2.25cde 0.00b
A3 32.8107cde 1.4628bcd 0.0862ab 95.66abc 4.14bcde 0.21ab
F1 38.0769bc 1.5065bcd 0.0516ab 96.07abc 3.81bcde 0.13ab
F2 35.6890cd 0.6659bcd 0.0134b 98.22ab 1.74cde 0.04b
F3 45.4296ab 0.4958cd 0.0000b 98.92a 1.08de 0.00b
P1 24.8101ef 2.7430a 0.0698ab 90.30d 9.47a 0.22ab
P2 27.7365def 1.8353ab 0.0905ab 93.21cd 6.49ab 0.30ab
P3 26.1950ef 0.5902bcd 0.0000b 97.75ab 2.25cde 0.00b
CK 31.9626cdef 0.2708d 0.0000b 99.23a 0.77e 0.00b
2.6 TcnÁ³´ë0€q%oë/w1“NÔÕ
5`óc)‰`|JIÕÖß+6nÅ,OC,D2 ¶F3Ë5I0~
1.5mmˆ0¿Iˆ2œ‹ÑÞ<à;<ÞP1,P2,
OC1 Ë5I1.5~3mmˆ0¿Iˆ2S<àœ‹
¦Ñ

-0~1.5mmˆ0¿Iˆ2äˆù²2
ItæᜋƒÞ<à

|ýóc))‡eS<àã
R‹œ‹

¶ˆ+ŽI—\”Þ2?¥Š

q6 €u)TcnklÁ³´ë0€q%oë/w1“NoÔÕ
Table6 Effectsoffungicidesofdifferentconcentrationsonthepercentageofrootvolumeamong
differentrootdiametersof犃狏犲狀犪狊犪狋犻狏犪L.
Ë5
Treatments
ˆ2 Rootvolume/cm3 tæ Ratio/%
0.0~1.5mm 1.5~3mm >3mm 0.0~1.5mm 1.5~3mm >3mm
OC1 0.6740ab 0.0804ab 0.0054ab 88.64abc 10.62bcdef 0.74ab
OC2 0.6634abc 0.0736abc 0.0083ab 89.12abc 9.84bcdef 1.04ab
OC3 0.7519a 0.0501bc 0.0000b 93.79a 6.21def 0.00b
D1 0.4283efg 0.0424bc 0.0000b 91.06abc 8.94bcdef 0.00b
D2 0.5642bcde 0.0881ab 0.0201a 83.44bcd 13.22abcd 3.33a
D3 0.4509defg 0.0832ab 0.0137ab 82.43cd 15.29abc 2.28ab
A1 0.3802fg 0.0356bc 0.0000b 92.03abc 7.97bcdef 0.00b
A2 0.3448g 0.0260bc 0.0000b 93.04ab 6.96cdef 0.00b
A3 0.5009def 0.0696abc 0.0067ab 87.47abcd 11.62bcde 0.91ab
F1 0.5970bcd 0.0720abc 0.0042ab 88.64abc 10.78bcdef 0.58ab
F2 0.5233cdef 0.0332bc 0.0011b 94.19a 5.59def 0.22b
F3 0.6680abc 0.0228bc 0.0000b 96.70a 3.30ef 0.00b
P1 0.4579defg 0.1337a 0.0054ab 78.70d 20.58a 0.72ab
P2 0.4823defg 0.0881ab 0.0073ab 83.33bcd 15.50ab 1.17ab
P3 0.4077fg 0.0261bc 0.0000b 93.89a 6.11def 0.00b
CK 0.3810fg 0.0130c 0.0000b 97.09a 2.91f 0.00b
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