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Toxicity Test of Different Fungicides and Compound Formulations to Alfalfa Rust

不同杀菌剂及复配对苜蓿锈病的防治研究



全 文 :!24" !1#
 Vol.24  No.1
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2016$  1%
  Jan.  2016
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2016.01.022
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,EC50n1.8809mg·L-1;k®lÞ»TÚ¥Ýo,EC50n747.0022mg·L-1。2Ò6@wÞÁù
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:S435.4    ABCDE:A     AFG@:10070435(2016)01016506
犜狅狓犻犮犻狋狔犜犲狊狋狅犳犇犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犉狌狀犵犻犮犻犱犲狊犪狀犱犆狅犿狆狅狌狀犱犉狅狉犿狌犾犪狋犻狅狀狊狋狅
犃犾犳犪犾犳犪犚狌狊狋
LUOFuchun1,2,YUANQinghua1,WANGYu1
(1.InstituteofAnimalScienceofCAAS,Beijing100193,China;
2.PrataculturalColegeofGansuAgriculturalUniversity,Lanzhou,GansuProvince730070,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Inordertoselecteffectivefungicideforthecontrolofalfalfarust,14kindsoffungicidestoxicity
weremeasuredusingpottedplantandspraymethodtostudythesynergiticeffect,and6kindsoffungicides
ofmixedformulationwereselected.ThetestresultsindicatedthatAzoxystrobinhadthestrongesttoxicity
toalfalfarustandEC50was1.8809mg·L-1,ThiophanatemethylhadtheweakesttoxicityandEC50were
747.0022mg·L-1.Accordingtothedifferentmechanismsoffungicides,the1∶9formulationofAzoxys
trobinmixedwithTebuconazoleproducedanadditiveeffect,the5∶1formulationhadthestrongestsyner
gisticeffectandefficiencycoefficientwas4.9684.The1∶3formulationofAzoxystrobinmixedwithdime
thomorphproducedthestrongestsynergiesandefficiencycoefficientwas5.1114,but9∶1formulation
producedantagonismeffect.The1∶7formulationofAzoxystrobinmixedwithmancozebproducedobvious
synergiesandefficiencycoefficientwas4.5757.The1∶5formulationofPyraclostrobinmixedwithdifeno
conazoleproducedthestrongestsynergyeffectandefficiencycoefficientwas5.2276.The1∶7formulation
ofPyraclostrobinmixedwithchlorothalonilproducedobviouseffectandefficiencycoefficientwas5.8058.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Alfalfarust;Fungicide;Selecting;Mixture;Toxicitytest
HIJK
:20140513;LMJK:20141008
NOPQ

()‘)©´
(201303057);¬æå·¿À´µ(2011BAD17B01)“Å
5RST

Öìö
(1987),—,67©4üÉ,šË/09,/0Òcnì폱ܠ,Email:luofuchun001@163.com;<Ôc™ Au
thorforcorrespondence,Email:yuanqinghua@hotmail.com
  ìí(犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅狊犪狋犻狏犪)Úàð÷=>Ý,-
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Table1  Testedfungicidesandsource
ÎÜFungicide ç”Source
95%ÑÞ).ÎAzoxystrobin Sªq»Î)JAºp
97.7%‚¼h.ÎProchloraz
íZ<Ø(Î
ðÙVJAºp
95%®VY.Î Arasan z:;œ(ðJAºp
96.2%fgÓÔ.Î
Dimethomorph
ؤjW(ð™VJAºp
95%Õo%Þ).Î
Pyraclostrobin
;Ã|µ’ºp
97%ºÞÀ.ÎIprodione íÈë9KðÃJAºp
96.2%ÑKh.Î
Pyrimethanil
/q»*¾JAºp
95%«Þz.ÎChlorothalonil ؤY’(ðJAºp
96%ño2.Î Triadimefon íž)ùÏ&(ðJAºp
97%Òoé.Î Tebuconazole Sª9(9ðJAºp
97%ú%kHo.Î
Difenoconazole
Sª9(9ðJAºp
50%Þ»LŸÁÜ
DifenoconazoleWP
í€¦®W(ðJAºp
70%k®lÞ»
ThiophanatemethylWP
í€¦®W(ðJAºp
80%oNøÙLŸÁÜ
MancozebWP
z:¸(ÎJAºp
1.2 jkXY
1.2.1 ÅÆEÇÈs˜3 ÐìíGm>ƒ“D
¹h°2d,·_Ðh°_TÈÉÞPd¸J-Û6

(¸
án1:1)T=ý³2("Â10cm­®),
¿³4r。·_>ƒÛË2“J,RìíÈÉ9Ÿ
45d_\‘#G。
ŒjÐÜJìíÐÞù×mTX´d»J
0.3%FÛT°ôQz¼,·_–Â’2.5×105
M
·mL-1ù×mÜÝá,dأݖŒ\‘ìíÈ
ÉT#G

Ð#GTÈÉL20℃œÐŸ24h,·_
Âé20~24℃Û˓D。
1.2.2 ÉÊYIEË0 ŒjÐ.Îdåk®*
Þ۔–’20000mg·L-1TÇá,U}Ïv#
SBCde2۔Æ^ٖ’×A1000,500,
250,125,62.5,31.25mg·L-1@AÛá,‘&èé
ÑÞ)6Õo%Þ)ɏts

5.Ð.ñGÎÜ
–’t€×ATÛá

Ë20,10,5,2.5,1.25,
0.625mg·L-1@AÛá。#G_-X´OP!ß
MߕÌ2dàBݖŒÝ䈊×ATÎÜ

j
ÝäzQcnDÒ

¿MÓù²3M•*。
1.2.3 `aÌÙÊÍËÎUÏÐbc }Ï÷ÜT
ڥé

f:ft`òwÞÁù6@T6GÎÜ
\‘*–

ŒjÐ.Îdåk®*Þ
(DMS)۔–
’20000mg·L-1TÇá,UÔf WadleyâÐÇ
á2F`¸1∶1,1∶3,1∶5,1∶7,1∶9,3∶1,5∶1,
7∶1,9∶1ññ–¸’ˆŠ×AT*–Ü,}Ïv#
SBC–×Aÿ“n20,10,5,2.5,1.25mg·L-1。
1.2.4 LƒÑÒp„ê ÝÎ7d_\‘ëÏ^
²

¿³Ôá30ªX´^²×mØë`,³=x
ȑ

ÔdDPS(v6.55…)ÕÖ,4OÜ`-uŠ
fÊÑÒÄ犢=a+b狓,kOÜÎÜEC506EC90


Æ}Ï Wadleyºâ[6],4OùyEC506í:

(SR)。
²ßºâ
:EC50(ùy)=(a+b)/(a/EC50A+
b/EC50B)
SR=EC50(ùy)/EC50(^ w)
A,B=¾ogñGÎÜä=;a,bÚA,Bñä
=L*–&»`T¸

SR≤0.5nxøcd;SRL0.5~1.5ã%n
ˆîcd
;SR≥1.5ní:cd。
x»ëT³=

09:ï×mØ;19:×mØë`1~4M;2
9

×mØë`5~9M;39:×mØë`10~14
M
;49:×mØë`15~19M;59:×mØë`
661
!1# Öìö?:6@wÞÜ|*–DìíЏTÜ /0
19MjS。
x»ë=

Ü9Xë׈D9ë)
a¿cX´×5 ×100
(1)
Ü:
(%)=(1-CK0×PT1CK1×PT0
)×100 (2)
â
(2)&:CK0 nm¦DҎäÎvx»ë;
CK1nm¦DҎäÎ_x»ë;
PT0nÎÜÓùŽäÎvx»ë;
PT1nÎÜÓùŽäÎ_Tx»ë。
2 pqW>r
2.1 c~5bÏDÏ2œB14GwÞÜ÷Üڥéefgh(g
1),ìíÐÞDÑÞ)6Õo%Þ)Ýn/0,‘
EC50n1.880962.895mg·L-1,EC90=¾n
6.6153612.4882mg·L-1;ìíÐÞDÒoé、o
NøÙ

fgÓÔ6ú%kHo/0“ã

‘
EC50L53.8~87.8mg·L-1ã%;ìíÐÞD«Þ
z

®VY

ÑKh

Þ»6ºÞÀ/0tØ

n
D‚¼h

ño2

k®lÞ»Ý6/0

‘&Dk
® l Þ » T / 0 A Ý €
, EC50 n
747.0022mg·L-1。
2.2 67Ï2=­²³
}ÏjS÷ÜTڥéef

fDìíÐ
Þ¸t/0T7GwÞÜÑÞ)、Õo%Þ)、Òo
é

oNøÙ

fgÓÔ

ú%kHo6«Þz


‘wÞÁù6@Бññ–’5G*–Ü,D‘‘ڥé

/0‘8@í:cd

`1 c~5bÏ$ñò8b2=­²³
Table1 Toxicitytestofdifferentfungicidestoalfalfarustdisease
ÎÜ
Testedpesticide
EC50
/mg·L-1
EC90
/mg·L-1
ˆ‰]ë
Correlationcoefficient
Ú¥ÊÑÒÄ
Regressionequation
ÑÞ)Azoxystrobin 1.8809 6.6153 0.9820 犢=2.3464x+4.3562
Õo%Þ)Pyraclostrobin 2.8950 12.4882 0.9376 犢=2.0186狓+4.0681
ÒoéTebuconazole 53.8056 395.3991 0.9705 犢=1.4795狓+2.4392
oNøÙ Mancozeb 61.1014 314.0876 0.9835 犢=1.8025狓+1.7807
fgÓÔDimethomorph 78.0440 522.0804 0.9753 犢=1.5526狓+2.0619
ú%kHoDifenoconazole 87.8460 505.7209 0.9798 犢=1.6858狓+1.7232
«ÞzChlorothalonil 128.4430 693.5614 0.9896 犢=1.7499狓+1.3101
®VYArasan 198.8510 1637.7464 0.9705 犢=1.3995狓+1.7832
ÑKhPyrimethanil 228.8212 1305.2520 0.8799 犢=0.4576x+1.001
Þ»Carbendazim 241.1224 1002.2586 0.9700 犢=2.0712狓+0.0659
ºÞÀIprodione 305.6337 2264.2589 0.9487 犢=1.4735狓+1.3380
‚¼hProchloraz 516.5850 4597.4656 0.9686 犢=1.3499狓+1.3376
ño2Triadimefon 581.8334 3470.5713 0.9510 犢=1.6523狓+0.4316
k®lÞ»Thiophanatemethyl 747.0022 5180.1406 0.9762 犢=1.5238狓+0.6216
2.2.1 ÓÙApÔÕÖÍËEÏÐbc ÑÞ)
ÚkÁ®efW)
(strobilurin)àwÞÜ,ÚßG5
^)Ü

ÞJs:

,[?8­
[7]。
ÒoéÚño
àwÞÜ

Lèé9Kš’ŒJ)cd

AÞJs
:

2^

,[T8­
[8]。
ÐñGwÞÜ29G6@
¸á*–

èg2Lã,J8G6@äšTSR>
1.5,¤96@ÄAT8@í:cd,‘&5∶1¸á
í:]ëSRÝY,í:cdgPÝnh…,nÝn
í:*–¸á

nÑÞ)6Òoé9∶1–’T¸
á
,SRrJ0.7120,gPnˆîcd,ïí:cd。
2.2.2 ÓÙAp×ØÙÚÍËÛð;< fgÓ
ÔÚßG)H.ìñ’TwÞÜ
[9],
ÑÞ)‘
26@¸á*–

èg3Lã1∶1,1∶3,1∶7,
1∶9,3∶1,5∶1¸áT*–í:]ëSRn1.5154
~5.6371,gPní:cd,‘&1∶3¸áTSR
n5.6371,í:cdgPÝnh…,.6©ˆÿ
?
[10]
É/0Tå™*–DáâôŽÞJí:c
dTefÚß#T

n7∶1¸áTí:]ë(SR)
n1.4938,gPnˆîcd,9∶1¸áT SR n
0.4892,gPnxøcd。
761
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Table2 SynergisticactionofAzoxystrobinmixturedwithTebuconazoletoalfalfarust
ÑÞ)

Òoé
Azoxystrobin:
Tebuconazole
ùy
Excepted
EC50/mg·L-1
^w
Observed
EC50/mg·L-1
SR
Syneristicratio
ˆ‰]ë
Correlation
coefficient
Ú¥ÊÑÒÄ
Regression
equation
1∶1 1.8259 0.9432 1.9358 0.9479 犢=1.2636狓+5.0321
1∶3 5.1295 2.3370 2.1949 0.9842 犢=1.4997狓+4.4471
1∶5 8.0383 3.2383 2.4823 0.9829 犢=1.4341狓+4.2681
1∶7 10.6172 2.9001 3.6610 0.988 犢=1.2783狓+4.4089
1∶9 12.9244 4.0238 3.2120 0.9841 犢=1.192狓+4.278
3∶1 1.8681 0.8997 2.0764 0.9808 犢=1.2878狓+5.0591
5∶1 4.8230 0.9719 4.9624 0.9625 犢=1.1615狓+5.0144
7∶1 1.8806 0.9202 2.0436 0.9663 犢=1.352狓+5.0489
9∶1 1.8827 2.6441 0.7120 0.9793 犢=1.6126狓+4.319
1∶0 / 1.8809 / 0.9820 犢=2.3464狓+4.3562
0∶1 / 53.8056 / 0.9705 犢=1.4795狓+2.4392
`3 >b?wCDEF67$ñò8b2=­[p
Table3 SynergisticactionofAzoxystrobinmixturedwithDimethomorphtoalfalfarust
ÑÞ)∶^gÓÔ
Azoxystrobin:
Dimethomorph
ùy
Excepted
EC50/mg·L-1
^w
Observed
EC50/mg·L-1
SR
Syneristicratio
ˆ‰]ë
Correlation
coefficient
Ú¥ÊÑÒÄ
Regression
equation
1∶1 1.8453 0.9351 1.9734 0.9741 犢=1.2728狓+5.0371
1∶3 5.2859 0.9377 5.6371 0.9581 犢=1.3791狓+5.0358
1∶5 8.4293 1.6491 5.1114 0.9751 犢=1.5498狓+4.6633
1∶7 11.3123 2.9232 3.8698 0.9725 犢=1.3198狓+4,3852
1∶9 13.9659 5.289 2.6406 0.9687 犢=1.2223狓+4.1158
3∶1 1.8749 0.4055 4.6236 0.918 犢=0.9139狓+5.3582
5∶1 1.8809 1.2412 1.5154 0.9855 犢=1.4065狓+4.8680
7∶1 1.8835 1.2608 1.4939 0.9781 犢=1.3364狓+5.0565
9∶1 1.8849 3.8532 0.4892 0.986 犢=1.5026狓+4.1197
1∶0 / 1.8809 / 0.9820 犢=2.3464狓+4.3562
0∶1 / 78.0440 / 0.9753 犢=1.5526狓+2.0619
2.2.3 ÓÙAp8ÜÝÞEÍËÛð oNøÙ
ÚßGHÒTÐÑwÞÜ

¬éŸ­cd)
Ü

LÑÞ)6oNøÙT*–í:BC&

è
g4Lã,21∶3,1∶5,1∶7,1∶9,7∶1¸á
?šT–T*–Ü

‘í:]ëL1.8022~
5.6371ã%,gPní:cd,‘&1∶7¸á
*– Ü T í : c d Ý –

‘ í : ] ë SR n
5.6371,21∶1,3∶1,5∶1,9∶1¸á–T
*–Ü

XÛTí:]ën0.8212~1.4364,g
Pnˆîcd

ï8@í:cd

`4 >b?wvG¾H267$ñò8b2=­[p
Table4 SynergisticactionofAzoxystrobinmixturedwithMancozebtoalfalfarust
ÑÞ)

oNøÙ
Azoxystrobin:
Mancozeb
ùy
Excepted
EC50/mg·L-1
^w
Observed
EC50/mg·L-1
SR
Syneristicratio
ˆ‰]ë
Correlation
coefficient
Ú¥ÊÑÒÄ
Regression
equation
1∶1 1.8333 1.7270 1.0615 0.906 犢=3.7354狓+4.1136
1∶3 5.1885 2.1070 2.4625 0.9372 犢=1.204狓+4.6102
1∶5 8.1842 2.1055 3.8871 0.978 犢=1.2862狓+4.58
1∶7 10.3489 2.2617 4.5757 0.969 犢=1.3514狓+4.5210
1∶9 13.3057 5.5786 2.3851 0.9723 犢=1.2019狓+4.1027
3∶1 1.8707 2.0839 0.8977 0.977 犢=1.4184狓+4.5477
5∶1 1.8784 1.3077 1.4364 0.9662 犢=1.4761狓+4.8280
7∶1 1.8817 1.0441 1.8022 0.9783 犢=1.4484狓+4.9728
9∶1 1.8835 2.2937 0.8212 0.9872 犢=1.367狓+4.5071
1∶0 / 1.8809 / 0.9820 犢=2.3464狓+4.3562
0∶1 / 61.1014 / 0.9835 犢=1.8025狓+1.7807
861
!1# Öìö?:6@wÞÜ|*–DìíЏTÜ /0
2.2.4 ßÕàÙApáà@âÕÍËÛð Õo
%Þ)ÚßGf]N)ÜË<=H.puš’=
Ä&™[`mTÚÞ
[10]。
ú%kHo¬éñoà
wÞÜ

Ì«)èé9KTš’

LÕo%Þ)
6ú%kHoT*–äš&

èg5Lã,21∶1,
1∶3,1∶5,1∶7,1∶9,3∶1,5∶1,7∶1¸á–’
*–Ü

XÛTí:]ëSRL1.9966~5.2276ã
%

‘&1:5¸áTSRn5.2276,*–í:cdÝ
nh…

n9:1¸áT*–í:]ëSRn1.0106,
gPnˆîcd

Æö¤9í:cd

`5 IAJb?wKJLÊA267$ñò8b2=­[p
Table5 SynergisticactionofPyraclostrobinmixturedwithDifenoconazoletoalfalfarust
ÑÞ)

ú%kHo
Azoxystrobin:
Difenconazole
ùy
Excepted
EC50/mg·L-1
^w
Observed
EC50/mg·L-1
SR
Syneristicratio
ˆ‰]ë
Correlation
coefficient
Ú¥ÊÑÒÄ
Regression
equation
1∶1 2.8073 1.4116 1.9888 0.9789 犢=1.4248狓+4.7867
1∶3 7.9161 2.5955 3.0499 0.9483 犢=1.4225狓+4.4108
1∶5 12.4458 2.3808 5.2276 0.9673 犢=1.5604狓+4.4122
1∶7 16.4896 5.1911 3.1765 0.9712 犢=1.5089狓+4.5561
1∶9 20.1219 7.3239 2.7474 0.9604 犢=1.0229狓+4.1155
3∶1 2.8684 1.0280 2.7903 0.9886 犢=1.4226狓+4.9829
5∶1 2.0617 1.0326 1.9966 0.9379 犢=1.3208狓+4.9816
7∶1 2.8764 1.0655 2.6996 0.9801 犢=1.4189狓+4.9609
9∶1 2.8894 2.859 1.0106 0.9909 犢=1.3773狓+4.3717
1∶0 / 2.8950 / 0.9376 犢=2.0186狓+4.0681
0∶1 / 87.8460 / 0.9798 犢=1.6858狓+1.7232
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Table6 SynergisticactionofPyraclostrobinmixturedwithChlorothalonilagainstalfalfarust
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Chlorthalonil
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Ú¥ÊÑÒÄ
Regression
equation
1∶1 2.8360 1.9138 1.4819 0.9410 犢=1.4491狓+4.5915
1∶3 8.1481 1.7866 4.5607 0.9758 犢=1.5154狓+4.6181
1∶5 13.0291 3.0668 4.2484 0.9886 犢=1.6294狓+4.207
1∶7 17.5295 3.0193 5.8058 0.9726 犢=1.2874狓+4.3822
1∶9 21.6921 9.2935 2.3341 0.9932 犢=1.1586狓+3.8783
3∶1 2.8783 2.0389 1.4117 0.9754 犢=1.5098狓+4.5329
5∶1 2.8870 2.4054 1.2002 0.9621 犢=1.7691狓+4.3257
7∶1 2.890609 2.3017 1.2559 0.9871 犢=1.626狓+4.4113
9∶1 2.8927 4.1904 0.6903 0.9677 犢=1.3427狓+4.1645
1∶0 / 2.8950 / 0.9376 犢=2.0186狓+4.0681
0∶1 / 128.4430 / 0.9896 犢=1.7499狓+1.3101
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