全 文 ：文章编号: 1007-0435( 2003) 03-0350-08
海南半干旱地区芒果间作柱花草及作物效益初探
白昌军,刘国道,何华玄,王东劲
(中国热带农业科学院热带牧草研究中心)
摘要: 1998~ 2001年在海南东方干旱半干旱燥红土芒果与柱花草及作物间作示范区的实践表明, 在芒果园间作扁
豆、柱花草、番薯和花生可显著提高芒果挂果率, 芒果收入比芒果单种分别增加 97. 79%、98. 53%、54. 41% 和
48. 28% ,果园综合收入比芒果单种分别增加 108. 55%、98. 53%、97. 98%和 91. 58% , 同时,果园间作可显著提高果
园土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷的含量和土壤 pH 值, 间作扁豆使土壤有机质含量增加 53. 3% , 间作柱花草使土壤全
氮增加43. 92% ,速效磷增加 78. 16% , 从而达到了以短养长、增加农民收入、提高土壤肥力和持续管理利用的目的。
关键词: 草原学; 柱花草; 间作; 经济收益; 土壤肥力
中图分类号: S344. 16

文献标识码: A
A Preliminary Study On Intercropping Stylo and Other Crops
With Mango at the Sem-i arid Site of Hainan
BAI Chang- jun, LIU Guo-dao, HE Hua-xuan and WANG Dong- jin
(T ropical Pasture Research Center CAT AS, Danzhou 571737, China)
Abstract: Intercropping w ith sty lo and other crops in the sem-i arid or dry red soil mango orchards of Hainan
w ere pract iced and demonst rated during 1998~ 2001, and the preliminary results show that field crops such as
flat bean ( Dolichos lablab ) , stylo ( S ty losanthes spp. ) , sweet potato ( I pomoea batatus Lam . ) and peanut
( Arichis hypogaea Linn. ) intercropped w ith mango t rees w ould promote mango fruit grow th and fruitset ting.
T he intercropped mango orchards produced 97. 79%, 98. 53% , 54. 41% and 48. 28% more f ruit respect ively
than those that of not intercropped, and the farmer
s overall income increased by 108. 55% , 98. 53% , 97. 98%
and 91. 58% respectively. Meanwhile, the soil organic mat ter, total N, available P and soil pH in mango or-
chards also increased considerably . A mango orchard intercropping w ith f lat bean had its soil org anic matter in-
creased by 53. 3% , w ith stylo the soil total N increased by 43. 92% and available P increased by 78. 16%. In-
tercropping in mango orchards has improved the farmer income, the soil fertility and sustainable use of the land
resources.
Key words: Grassland science; Stylosanthes spp. ; Intercropping; Econom ic income; Soil fert ility


A demonst rat ion site w as selected in Dongfang as
a w indow county to demonst rate to the local farmers
sustainable land management in the arid and sem-i arid
southw est part of Hainan Island in 1998. T he estab-
lishment of this site, by means of new pat terns of
plant ing t ropical crops and fruits for sustainable deve-l
opment of land resources, w as aimed at ret rieving the
land nutrients loss incurred by the tradit ional w ay of
land use, w hile ridding the local farmers of poverty as
w ell. So Farmers Participatory Research ( FPR) tech-
nolog y w as int roduced to eval uate the land use and



收稿日期: 2002-11-19;修回日期: 2003- 11-06
基金项目:联合国开发计划署( UNDP)国际合作项目 Sustainable Land Management for Agricultural Product ion in Hainan Province( CPR/ 96/
105/ A/ 01/ 99)资助
作者简介:白昌军( 1967- ) ,男,副研,主要从事热带牧草选育及高产栽培等方面研究工作
第 11 卷
第 4 期

Vol. 11

No. 4 草
地
学
报ACTA AGRESTIA SIN ICA
2003 年
12 月
Dec.
2003
adopted their ow n w ays to manage land and crops.
T he short- term crops w ere intercropped in the mango
orchards to support the long- term crop with their re-
turns, improving the soil fert ility, and fat tening the
farmers
purse and promoting sustainable develop-
ment of the land resources at the same t ime.
1
General situation of the demon-
stration site
T he demonstration site lies in Tangmayuan stud
in the southw estern Hainan. The site w as set up in
1985 and is the only air-set ting pasture in the tropical
area of China. Suffering f rom drought for years and
low management , as a result of the serious degrada-
t ion of the pastureland, low product ivity, and re-
duced economic benefit. A plot of even land, aw ay
from the livestock farm, w as selected to grow mango
(Mangif era indica L. ) . Covering 20 hm 2 and later
expanded, the leveled out mango orchard is 20~ 60 m
above sea level w ith an annual precipitation of only
1000 mm, mainly in July through October, w ith dis-
t inct dry and wet seasons. The annual evaporat ion ca-
pacity is up to 2379 mm . Drought often takes place in
spring and w inter. T he average annual tempera-
ture is 24. 2
, the accumulated temperature of

10
is 8800
, mean annual sunlight 2576. 2 h, and
the total annual solar radiat ion 531. 05 kJ/ cm
2
.
T he soil types are brown laterite derived from
g ranite and dry laterite f rom marine deposit . T he pH
is 6. 0~ 6. 2, the soil org anic mat ter 0. 26% ~ 0.
54% , the total N 0. 015% ~ 0. 025%, the ava-i
lable P 1. 97~ 2. 25 mg / kg and the available K 24. 45
~ 41. 65 mg/ kg. The soil is low in fert ility and pro-
duct ivity.
A f ield plot covering 0. 8 hm2 was selected ran-
domly from a 1. 8 hm 2 mango orchard as a demon-
st rat ion site. First cultivated in 1996, the mango or-
chard had not been properly managed unt il 1998. The
dominant weeds in the orchards w ere Cyper us r otun-
dus L. , Stachy tarpheta jamaicensi s ( L inn. ) Vahl,
Tr idax p r ocumbens , Chloris v irgata Sw artz. ,
Celosia argentea L. , Erigeron Canadensis L. , Ele-
phantopus scaber L. , Gnaphal ium af f ine D. Don,
A maranthus sp inosus L. , A maranthus vir idis L. ,
Polygonum chinensis L. , Chenopodium ser ot inum
L. , Eupatorium odor atum Linn. , Euphorbia hi rta
L. , Stellaria media ( L. ) Cry and other shrubs such
as Vites hegundo Linn. , I ndigof er a hainanensis
Tsai & Yu, etc. The farmers have started to inter-
crop w ith short- term crops in the mango orchard since
1998 under the guidance of technicians.
2
Materials and methods
2. 1
Materials
Stylo seeds( Stylosanthes guianensi s cv. Reyan 2
and S . hamata) were supplied by T ropical Pasture
Research Center, CATAS and seeds including
seedlings of peanuts ( A richis hypogaea Linn. ) ,
sw eet potato( Ip omoea batatus ( Lam. ) ) and flat bean
( Dol ichos lablab ) w ere purchased by the local farm-
ers at the local market.
2. 2
Methods
The demonst rat ion experiment adopts
Farmer
s
Participatory Research ( FPR)
technology under the
guidance of scient ific and technical personnel, That
means based on the farmer
s requirement and w ishes,
farmers participate the research w ork, including the
decision of design, discussion of t reatments, and
management the experimental work by themselves.
With this technology, local farmers part icipate in de-
signing and implement ing the experimental work by
themselves, as w ell as in land evaluation and results
popularizat ion. The farmer
s participating in the ex-
periment intercropped their mango orchards w ith
peanuts, sw eet potato, stylo and flat bean according
to their land condit ions, the grow th vigor of the man-
go trees and local seasonal w eather characterist ics.
351第 4期 白昌军等:海南半干旱地区芒果间作柱花草及作物效益初探
2. 2. 1
Treatments
F ive t reatments were arranged randomly in rain
season of 1998 in this experiment: Monoculture of
mango w ithout intercropping ( cont rol ) , intercrop-
ping of flat beans ( T reatment 1) , stylo ( Treatment
2) , sweet potato ( Treatment 3) , peanut ( Treatment
4) , the amount of 5 t reatment being arranged at ran-
dom. Plots were prepared based on the mango rows
w ith 2 replications and each plot covered 480 m
2
( 160
m
3 m) .
2. 2. 2
Data collect ion and analysis
T he data w ere collected since 1998 included the
acreage and product ion of the mango orchards, and
those of the intercrops, the quant ity of fertilized and
agrochemicals used and the total expenses as well as
the income the farmers gained. The ecolog ical indexes
of the mango tree form ( n = 25) were determined,
the g row th rate including tree height , t runk diameter
10cm above the ground, crow n size and number of
mango fruit w ere measured at the same tree every two
months and grow th rate were calculated as below :
GR= ( the last means value- the first means va-l
ue) / the f irst means value
100%;
T he incomes were calculated according to the da-
ta provided by farmer and invest igated the market by
the technicians. The technicians reviewed all the data
provided by the farmers every day and corrected mis-
takes if any. T he soils w ere sampled and analyzed by
technicians. The value of soil characteristics w as sam-
pled at different depth at the beginning and the end of
this demonstrate site, Changes of soil nutrient con-
tent w ere calculated among the different t reatments
w ith the basic sample and compared w ith them .
All data w ere stat ist ically analyzed by using a set
of statist ical software SAS6. 12[ 1~ 2] .
3
Results
3. 1
Mango ecological index
3. 1. 1
Mango tree height
Intercropping w as pract iced in 1998 in mango
orchards that have been cultivated for 3 years. T he
mango t ree height, t runk diameter 10cm above the
ground, and the crow n size were measured every tw o
months each year, and the mango height before inter-
cropping ( 1998) and af ter intercropping ( 2001) w ere
listed in Table 1.
Table 1
Effect of treatments on mango tree growth ( n= 25)
Treatment
T ree height ( cm)
1998 2001 Grow th rate%
T runk size ( cm)
1998 2001 Grow th rate%
Crow n siz e ( cm)
1998 2001 Grow th rate%
Cont rol 120. 3 166. 3 38. 24a 2. 66 5. 10 91. 73ab 85. 51 171. 73 100. 83ab
1 139. 0 212. 3 52. 73a 3. 22 7. 23 124. 53a 110. 99 225. 90 103. 53a
2 162. 4 217. 1 33. 68a 4. 25 7. 35 72. 94b 141. 65 234. 46 65. 52bc
3 155. 0 215. 8 39. 23a 3. 98 7. 32 83. 92ab 133. 83 220. 3 64. 61bc
4 160. 7 215. 7 34. 23a 4. 51 7. 35 62. 97b 136. 01 218. 42 60. 59c


Note: T he same let ter shows no significant diff erence betw een t reatments at 0. 05 levels.


It can be seen from the Table 1 that the effect of
different t reatments on the mango t ree height w as not
enormous according to the SAS stat ist ical analysis,
though intercropped mango trees generally grow taller
than the monocultural ones. The mango trees inter-
cropped w ith stylo ( t reatment 2) g rew higher than
those w ith all the other t reatment, reaching 217. 10
cm . Treatment 1, mango t rees intercropped w ith f lat
bean, promoted the t ree height growth rate to 52.
73%. There w ere no evident dif ference among the
mango trees w ith the other three t reatments.
3. 1. 2
Trunk diameter of the mango t ree 10cm
above the ground
The trunk diameter of the mango tree increased
352 草
地
学
报 第 11卷
signif icantly af ter intercropping ( Table 1) and ex-
tended more rapidly af ter 3 years of intercropping
than that of the monocultural mango t rees, though
there was no signif icant dif ference among the t rees
w ith the dif ferent t reatments. T he t runk diameter
w as the w idest ( 7. 55 cm) w ith Tr-
eatment 4 ( intercropping with peanut) . SAS ana-l
ysis showed that the difference in trunk growth was re-
markable at 0. 05% level among the inter-
cropped mango t rees. The diameter-expansion rate of
mango trees intercropped with flat bean reached 124.
53% , prevailing over the diameter-growth rate of trees
intercropped with sweet potato ( 83. 92% ) , peanut ( 62.
97% ) , stylo( 72. 94%) and monoculture of mango( 91.
73% ) .
3. 1. 3
Mango crow n size
It can be found from Table 1 that intercropping
can improve mango crow n size after 3 years of inter-
cropping. All the mango trees w ith different t reat-
ments had larger mango crown size than the control,
w ith treatment 2 ( intercropping with stylo ) having
the largest crow n size of a perimeter of 234. 46cm,
follow ed by treatment 1 ( 225. 90cm ) , t reatment 3
( 220. 30cm) and treatm-
ent 4 ( 218. 42 cm) , and were 36. 53%, 31. 54%,
28. 28% and 27. 19% more than that of the control
( 171. 73cm ) . SAS analysis demonst rated that there
w as evident difference in crown size growth between
treatments, the highest grow th rate of the crow n size
w as the t reatment 1 ( 103. 53%) and the low est was
t reatment 4, only 60. 59%. T here w ere no signif-i
cant dif ferences in the crown size grow th betw een the
control and treatment 1.
3. 2
Mango yield and incomes
3. 2. 1
Number of mango fruit
Mango trees in the demonst rat ion orchard began
to set f ruit in 1998 and w as pruned and the f ruit s re-
moved. T he mango orchard began harvest ing in
1999. T he number of mangos w as counted during the
f ruit maturity stage ( n = 25 ) . T he fruits w ere
picked, counted by plot, and marketed by the farm-
ers themselves. The result is listed in T able 2.
Table 2
Mango fruit number per tree, output and incomes from sales
T reatment Year No. of mango Fruit/ t ree output ( kg/ hm2) Price( Yuan/ kg) Income( Yuan / hm2)
Cont rol 1999 1. 08 479. 17 1. 40 670. 84
2001 12. 31b 4250. 00c 3. 60 15300. 00
1 1999 3. 56 635. 42 1. 40 889. 58
2001 43. 20ab 8406. 25a 3. 60 30262. 50
2 1999 7. 34 1104. 17 1. 40 1545. 83
2001 50. 82a 8437. 50a 3. 60 30375. 00
3 1999 13. 34 1593. 75 1. 40 2231. 25
2001 37. 54ab 6302. 08b 3. 60 22687. 50
4 1999 17. 30 1958. 33 1. 40 2741. 67
2001 47. 44a 6562. 50b 3. 60 23625. 00


Note: T he same let ter shows no significant diff erence at 0. 05 levels.


It can be seen from Table 2 that t reatment 4 ( in-
tercropping w ith peanut ) produced the highest num-
ber of mango fruit during the first harvest year
( 1999) , averaging 17. 3 mangos/ t ree, w hile the con-
trol only produced 1. 08 mangos/ tree. T he intercrop-
ping t reatments produced more fruits in the third har-
vest year ( 2001) . SAS analysis disclosed prom inent
difference betw een the intercropping t reatments at 0.
05 levels. Treatment 2 produced the highest number
of mango ( 50. 82 mangos/ t ree) , followed by treat-
ment 4 ( 47. 44 mangos/ t ree) . T reatments 2 and 4
produced signif icantly higher number of f ruits per t ree
than other intercropping treatments, with the control
being the lowest w ith an average of 12. 31 mangos/
353第 4期 白昌军等:海南半干旱地区芒果间作柱花草及作物效益初探
tree. SAS analysis show ed no obvious dif ference in
the increase in number of fruits per tree between the
intercropping treatments.
T he M ult-i factors SAS analysis of the four dif-
ferent treatments of intercropped mango t rees showed
that there w ere no significant differences among them
in tree height , t runk diameter, crow n size and the
number of f ruit/ t ree, although there w ere somewhat
more ef fect of treatment 2 and treatment 3 on the
mango t ree height and treatment 4 and 2 on the t runk
diameter growth. Intercropping with stylo( t reatment
2) and sw eet potato( treatment 3) is conducive to an
increase in mango crow n size growth. All the inter-
cropping treatments promoted fruit-set t ing of the
mango t ree.
3. 2. 2
Output of mango f ruit
M ango yield w as measured in each plot and listed
in Table 2. It can be seen that t reatment 4( intercrop-
ping w ith peanut ) produced the highest y ield of man-
go( 1 958. 33 kg/ hm
2
) among the trea-
tments at the first harvested year, followed by treat-
ment 3 ( 1 593. 75kg/ hm
2
) ,
t reatment 2
( 1 104. 17 kg/ hm2) and treatment 1 ( 635. 42 kg/
hm2) , all t reatments w ere higher than the control
( 479. 17 kg/ hm2 ) . At the third harvested year,
treatment 2 produced the highest yield ( 8 437. 5 kg/
hm2) , follow ed by treatment 1 ( 8 406. 25 kg/ hm2) ,
treatment 4 ( 6 562. 50kg/ hm
2
) and treatm-
ent 3 ( 6 302. 08 kg/ hm2 ) , and they w ere higher
than the control 98. 53%, 97. 79% , 54. 41% and
48. 28% respectively. There was signif icant differ-
ence in mango output increasing rate betw een all in-
tercropping treatments, w ith treatment 1 being the
highest, increasing by 1 229. 95% , followed by the
control and treatment 2, increased by 786. 96% and
664. 15% respect ively. t reatments 3 and 4 ga-
ve the lowest output increasing rate, only 301. 01%
and 295. 42% respectively.
3. 2. 3
Mango economic income
T he farmers g ained income from the increased
yield of mango obviously. An ef fective stat ist ical ana-l
ysis can
t be made due to high f luctuat ion in mango
price in recent years. But it can be seen from Table 2
that mango would be produced the highest economic
income of 30 375. 00yuan/ hm2 at the 3rd harvest year
after intercropped with sty lo( t reatment 2) , it
s high-
er than the control ( 15 300. 0yuan/ hm2 ) 98. 53%.
Treatment 1, 4 and 3 also produced mango economic
incomes of 30 262. 50yuan/ hm2,
23 625. 0 yuan/
hm2 and 22 687. 5yuan/ hm2 respectively, and higher
97. 79% , 54. 41% and 48. 28% than the control re-
spectively.
3. 3
Output of intercrops and incomes
The leaves, stems, and output of the intercrops
w ere sampled and measured once each year during
1999~ 2001. The data, tog ether w ith the output and
income provided by the farmers w ho harvested and
marketed their intercrops are listed in Table 3.
Intercropping in mango orchards not only pro-
motes the g row th of mango t ree, but can also produce
high income. Intercropping w ith sw eet potato in
mango orchards produced high y ield of sweet potato
w ith the highest income of up to 5 000. 00yuan/ hm2:
1 500. 00yuan/ hm2 f rom the stems and leaves and 3
500. 00yuan/ hm2 from the tubes. Intercropped
peanut produced an annual yield of 2 004. 17 kg/
hm2, increasing by 4 006. 25yuan/ hm2; the flat bean
increased an annual income by 1 104. 17yuan/ hm2;
the intercropped St-
ylo w as all used as green manure.
At the third harvest year ( 2001) , the overall in-
come of each intercropping treatment w as higher than
that of the control. SAS analysis indicated that all the
intercropping t reatments produced significant ly high-
er overall income than the control but no significant
difference betw een the intercro-
pping treatments. In the overall incomes, t reatment
1 ( intercropping w ith f lat bean ) produced 31 908.
33yuan/ hm2, the highest among the intercropping
t reatments, follow ed by Treatment 2,
4 and 3 ( 30
375. 00yuan/ hm2, 30 291. 67 yuan/ hm2 and 29 312.
50yuan/ hm
2
respectively, Table 4 and Fig. 1) . T he
overall income of the control w ithout intercropping
354 草
地
学
报 第 11卷
was only 15 300. 00yuan/ hm2. T he overall income of
the intercropping t reatments w as 108. 55% ,

98. 53% , 97. 98% and 91. 58% higher than that of
the control respect ively.
Table 3
Output of intercrops and incomes
T reatment Year Type of harvested Output ( kg/ hm2) Incomes( Yuan/ hm2)
1 1999 Beans 520. 83 1041. 67
2000 Beans 312. 50 625. 00
2001 Beans 822. 92 1 645. 83
Mean Bean 552. 08 1 104. 17
2 1999 Green manure 12 743. 75
2000 Green manure 10 008. 33
2001 Green manure 7 916. 67
Mean Greenmanure 10 222. 92
3 1999 S tems and leaves 4 872. 92 487. 50
Sw eet potato 20 166. 67 4 033. 33
2000 S tems and leaves 15 625. 00 1 562. 50
Sw eet potato 11 458. 33 2 291. 67
2001 S tems and leaves 24 479. 17 2 447. 92
Sw eet potato 8 354. 17 4 177. 08
Mean S tems and leaves 14 991. 67 1 500. 00
Sw eet potato 13 327. 08 3 500. 00
4 1999 S tems and leaves 1 964. 58
Peanut 1 010. 42 2 020. 00
2000 S tems and leaves 3 062. 50
Peanut 1 666. 67 3 333. 33
2001 S tems and leaves
Peanut 3 333. 33 6 666. 67
Mean S tem sand leaves 2 514. 58
Peanut 2 004. 17 4 006. 25


Note: Intercrop Stylo w as mainly used as green manure; sw eet potato is for sale and it s stem and leaves are feed for pigs. T his farmer household
raised 8 pigs each year w ith the sw eet potato as the main pig feed. T he income of pig was 4800yuan/ year. Flat bean, sw eet potato and peanut w ere in-
tercropped tw ice a year in some cases but dependent on the w eather, an d other crops w ere planted once.
Table 4
Overall incomes from intercropping in mango orchards
Treatment Year Mango incomes Intercrops incomes Total S ignif icance
( Yuan/ hm2) ( Yuan/ hm2) ( Yuan/ hm2) 0. 05 0. 01
Cont rol 1999 670. 84 670. 84
2001 15 300. 00 15 300. 00 b B
1 1999 889. 58 1 041. 67 1 931. 25
2001 30 262. 50 1 645. 83 31 908. 33 a A
2 1999 1 545. 83 1 545. 83
2001 30 375. 00 30 375. 00 a A
3 1999 2 231. 25 4 520. 83 6 752. 08
2001 22 687. 50 6 625. 00 29 312. 50 a A
4 1999 2 741. 67 2 020. 00 4 762. 50
2001 23 625. 00 6 666. 67 30 291. 67 a A


Note: T he dif ferent let ter show s significant diff eren ce among different t reatment at 0. 05 or 0. 01 levels.
3. 4
Changes of soil nutrient content in mango or-
chards
Soil samples were collected and analyzed before
the establishment of the demonst rat ion site in M ay
1998 and in M arch 2002 after the site has completed
its tasks. T he soil data w ere listed in T able 5. Chem-
ical fert ilizer is not listed in soil nut rient change as the
farmers generally did not apply chemical fertilizer
during the intercropping.
From Table 5 it can be found that contents of
soil nut rients changed at 0~ 20cm soil depth and the
355第 4期 白昌军等:海南半干旱地区芒果间作柱花草及作物效益初探
organic mat ter, total N, available P and soil pH in-
creased but the available K decreased after intercrop-
ping ( F ig . 2~ 6) .
T he t- test of paring method by SAS indicated
that intercropping improved signif icant ly the soil or-
ganic matter, total N, available P and soil pH at a
signif icant difference level, but the available K tended
to decrease. This suggests that intercropping in man-
go orchard can ef fectively increase the soil organic
mat ter, total N, available P and pH, w hile available
K should be applied at an adequate rate w hen inter-
cropping is pract iced.
Among these intercrops in mango orchard,
Treatments 1,
2,
3 and 4 improved the soil or-
ganic matter by 53. 30% , 38. 07% , 36. 04% and
17. 77% , total N by 40. 83%, 43. 92% , 21. 60%
and 9. 8% , and available P by 59. 73%, 78. 16%,
87. 71% and 49. 83% respect ively, and at the same
t ime the soil pH w as obv iously increased during inter-
cropping to neutralize the soil.
Table 5
Changes of soil nutrient content in mango orchards
Treatment Soil depth( cm) Organic mat ter( % ) Total N( % ) Available P( mg/ kg) Available K( mg/ kg) pH(H 2O)
Cont rol 0~ 20 0. 985 0. 0551 29. 3 103. 5 6. 00
20~ 40 0. 597 0. 0351 7. 9 54. 0 6. 22
1 0~ 20 1. 51 0. 0776 46. 8 86. 2 6. 40
20~ 40 0. 935 0. 0588 33. 1 59. 4 6. 56
2 0~ 20 1. 36 0. 0793 52. 2 100. 6 6. 20
20~ 40 0. 698 0. 0404 43. 0 55. 7 6. 52
3 0~ 20 1. 34 0. 0670 55. 0 83. 6 6. 27
20~ 40 0. 623 0. 0657 38. 0 43. 5 6. 42
4 0~ 20 1. 16 0. 0605 43. 9 71. 8 6. 22
20~ 24 0. 640 0. 0389 38. 0 52. 5 6. 15
Fig . 1
Overall incomes of Mango orchards
in 2001( Yuan/ hm2)
F ig. 2
Change of O rganic Matter content
in mango orchards
F ig. 3
Changes of Soil T otal N Fig . 4
Changes of Soil Available P
356 草
地
学
报 第 11卷
F ig. 5
Changes of Soil Available K Fig . 6
Changes of Soil pH Value
Table 6
T-test ( Paring Method) of the soil nutrients
in mango orchards after intercropping
Soil nut rients Soil depth ( cm) T- value | Pr|
Organic matter 0~ 20 6. 2123645 0. 0034
20~ 40 1. 9253230 0. 1265
Total N 0~ 20 4. 4312937 0. 0114
20~ 40 2. 5674809 0. 0621
Available P 0~ 20 7. 3812662 0. 0018
20~ 40 18. 0081588 0. 0001
Available K 0~ 20 3. 9827808 0. 0164
20~ 40 0. 8280377 0. 4542
pH 0~ 20 63. 4856805 0. 0001
20~ 40 20. 6714674 0. 0001
4
Conclusions
4. 1
Intercropping w ith f lat bean, stylo, sw eet
potato and peanut in the mango orchards increased
mango tree height, t runk diameter, crow n size and
number of mango f ruits effect ively, though there w as
no significant difference among the intercropping
treatments.
4. 2
Overall incomes derived f rom the intercrop-ping
treatments were far higher than the control. In the
third harvest year, mango incomes from treatments of
intercropping w ith stylo, flat bean, peanut and sw eet
potato w ere 98. 53% , 97. 79% , 54. 41% and 48.
28% higher than that of the control respect ively. The
overall incomes f rom the intercropping treatments
w ere 108. 55% , 98. 53% , 97. 98% and 91. 58%
higher than that of the control respect ively . This in-
dicates that intercropping in the mango orchards ex-
pands product ion, and increases the farmers
income
directly.
4. 3
Intercropping in the mango orchards impro-
ves soil org anic mat ter, total N, available P and pH
value, more particularly in the 0~ 20 cm soil depth.
M ango trees Intercropped w ith flat bean increased the
soil organic mat ter by 53. 3% in the 0~ 20 cm soil
depth, w ith Stylo, total N is increased by 43. 92%,
and the available P by 78. 16% . Other intercrops also
improve the soil organic matter, total N, available P
and pH value in various degrees. This proves that in-
tercropping can improve physicochem ical propert ies
and bio-activities of the soil, and that the roots,
stems and leaves and lit ters of the intercrops returning
to the soil can increase the soil fert ility ef fect ively and
neutralize the soil acidity to increase the sustainable
production capacity of the soil.
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357第 4期 白昌军等:海南半干旱地区芒果间作柱花草及作物效益初探