全 文 ：武汉植物学研究 2003, 21 (3) : 249～ 253
J ourna l of W uhan B otan ica l Resea rch
石菖蒲根茎挥发油对稗、鳢肠和水稻的萌发与
生长的影响Ξ
强　胜
(南京农业大学杂草研究室, 南京　210095)
摘　要: 在实验室和温室条件下, 用从石菖蒲根茎中提取的挥发油经减压蒸馏获得的组分四, 对稗草、鳢肠和水稻
的萌发与生长进行了生物学效应测试。结果表明, 在低浓度时促进供试植物的萌发和生长, 而在高浓度时则抑制萌
发和生长。实验室培养皿条件下, 50～ 400 m göL 浓度抑制作用产生并逐渐增加, 400 m göL 以上达到 90% 或更高。
但是, 温室盆钵条件下, 3 000 m göL 时才出现抑制作用, 在 1 000 m göL 以下均表现促进作用。
关键词: 生物活性; 提取物; 石菖蒲; 稗; 鳢肠; 水稻
　　中图分类号: Q 946. 8; S451. 1　　　　　文献标识码: A 　　　　　文章编号: 10002470X (2003) 0320249205
Effect of Essen tia l O il Extracted from A corus ta ta r inow ii Rh izom es on
Germ ination and Growth of Barnyardgrass, Ecl ipta and R ice (O ryza sa tiva )
Q IAN G Sheng
(W eed R esearch L abora tory , N anj ing A g ricu ltu ra l U n iversity , N an jing 210095, Ch ina)
Abstract: T he labo ra to ry and glasshou se experim en ts w ere conducted to evaluate the effect of
fract ion 4 on seed germ inat ion and seedling grow th of barnyardgrass (E ch inoch loa crusg a lli (L. )
Beauv. ) , eclip ta (E clip ta p rostra ta (L. ) L. ) and rice (O ry z a sa tiva L. ) , w h ich w as separa ted
from the essen t ia l o il of rh izom es of grass2leaved sw eetf lag (A corus ta ta rinow ii) tha t w as deph leg2
m ated at low p ressu re. A common phenom enon w as ob served in bo th labo ra to ry and greenhou se
tria ls, tha t is, seed germ inat ion and seedling grow th w as inh ib ited at h igher concen tra t ion bu t
sligh t ly increased at 50 m göL o r low er concen tra t ion. U nder labo ra to ry condit ion s, inh ib it ion
w as ob served at concen tra t ion from 50～ 400 m göL and mo re than 90% inh ib it ion w ith
> 400 m göL. How ever, under g lasshou se condit ion s, inh ib it ion occu rred at 3 000 m göL o r h igher
w h ile increase of the grow th w as ob served at 1 000 m göL o r low er concen tra t ion.
Key words: B io logica l act ivity; Ex tract; A corus ta ta rinow ii Scho t t; E ch inoch loa crusg a lli (L. )
Beauv. ; E clip ta p rostra ta (L. ) L. ; O ry z a sa tiva L.
　　T he ex tract of grass2leaved sw eetf lag (A corus
ta ta rinow ii ) has been tho rough ly invest iga ted fo r
repelling again st po st2harvest in sects and fo r fungi2 cide du ring sto rage of gra in s[1, 2 ]. If it cou ld inh ib itgerm inat ion of seeds, the repellen t m ay have anaddit ional funct ion in addit ion to p ro longing sto2Ξ Received date: 2002209206, A ccep ted date: 2003201215。Foundation item s: T he N ational N atu ral Science Foundation of Ch ina (30170164) ; Docto ral Foundation of the M in istry of Education(2000030708) ; H i2tech Research and D evelopm ent P rogram of Ch ina ( 863 P rogram : 2001AA 246012) and the N atu ral ScienceFoundation of J iangsu P rovince (BK2001066).B iography: Q IAN G Sheng (1960- ) , m ale, P rofesso r, Ph D , Focusing on w eed b io logy and eco logy, sustainab le m anagem ent.
　　　E2m ail: w rl@njau. edu. cn
rage du ra t ion of gra in s. T he effect of inh ib it ion to
germ inat ion of seeds and grow th of p lan ts m ay be
app lied to w eed con tro l. How ever, a llelopathy of
ex tract from A corus ta ta rinow ii to h igher p lan ts
has no t been repo rted so far a lthough a simp le
study w as conducted on inh ib it ion of let tuce seed
germ inat ion by sesqu iterpeno ids iso la ted from A 2
corus ca lam us[3 ] and the ex tract o r som e compo2
nen ts of A corus ta ta rinow ii and A . ca lam us had
som e phyto tox icity to som e aquat ic a lgae [4, 5 ]. T he
pu rpo se of th is study w as to determ ine its b io logi2
cal act ivity of the ex tract to tw o m ain paddy w eeds
in Ch ina and rice.
1　M a ter ia ls and M ethods
1. 1　Prepara tion of extract
T he rh izom es of A corus ta ta rinow ii w ere co l2
lected in the h illy reg ion s of W uhu C ity, PR Ch ina
and air2dried under the sun. T he dried rh izom es
w ere b roken in to sm all segm en ts, 10 kg of w h ich
w ere dist illa ted in a 50 L dist illa t ing st ill fo r 10 h
one t im e. A s a resu lt, the m ix tu re of essen t ia l o il
and w ater w ere ob ta ined. E ssen t ia l o il w as ex trac2
ted from the m ix tu re u sing the so lven t ethyl ether.
A fter the so lven t w as evapo ra ted, essen t ia l o il w as
fu rther dried w ith N a2SO 4. F inally, ligh t2yellow
o il ex tract w as ob ta ined w ith the fo llow s.
T he index of physica l characters of essan t ia l
o il w as given below :
D 21= 1. 009, n24D = 1. 551, [Α]21= 1. 107 6 。
E ssen t ia l o il w as deph legm ated th rough a de2
ph legm ato r a t low p ressu re. Fou r fract ion s w ere
ob ta ined under the fo llow ing condit ion s (T ab le 1).
T able 1　T he condit ions under w h ich four fractions
w ere ob tained th rough a deph legm ato r
F raction T emperatu re(℃)
P ressure
(mmH g)
D iop tre
(20℃)
1 66- 123 5 1. 534 6
2 123- 128 5 1. 557 0
3 128- 131 5 1. 559 9
4 131- 137 5 1. 560 0
　　 It w as believed that fract ion fou r con ta ined the
mo st abundan t asarone so on ly th is fract ion w as
u sed fo r b ioassay [6 ].
1. 2　Prepara tion of solution of the extract
C ircu lar dex trin w as selected and u sed as an
em u lsif ier to d isso lve the ex tract. Tw o mo ther so2
lu t ion w ith 5 000 m göL and 1 000 m göL w as p re2
pared as mo ther so lu t ion by m ix ing 5 mL ex tract
w ith 2. 5 g circu lar dex trin, 0. 5 mL ex tract w ith
015 g circu lar dex trin and then added sterile d is2
t illed w ater to 500 mL. T hen, the mo ther so lu t ion
w as dilu ted to 3 000 m göL , 500 m göL , 400 m göL ,
300 m göL , 200 m göL , 100 m göL and 50 m göL con2
cen tra t ion separa tely.
A s a con tro l, the em u lsif ier circu lar dex trin
so lu t ion w as p repared w ith equal amoun t of the
em u lsif ier in 50 m göL , 100 m göL , 200 m göL ,
300 m göL , 400 m göL , 500 m göL , 1 000 m göL ,
3 000 m göL and 5 000 m göL.
1. 3　B ioa ssay
T he seeds of barnyardgrass (E ch inoch loa crus2
g a lli ) , eclip ta (E clip ta p rostra ta ) and rice (O ry z a
sa tiva ) w ere sterilized in 011% H gC l2 fo r 15 m in
and then w ash ing th ree t im es w ith dist illed w ater.
Tw en ty w eed seeds fo r each species and ten rice
seeds w ere coun ted and pu t on a p iece of sterilized
filter paper in a 92cm 2diam eter petri d ish. 10 mL
of ex tract so lu t ion at each of concen tra t ion s
of 50 m göL , 100 m göL , 200 m göL , 300 m göL ,
400 m göL and 500 m göL so lu t ion group s in every
th ree petri d ishes group w ere added in to the petri
d ish. T h ree rep lica tes w ere u sed. Tw o sets of con2
t ro l w ere u sed, i. e. sterilized dist illed w ater and
circu lar dex trin. T he circu lar dex trin con tro l in2
cluded six differen t concen tra t ion s in 50 m göL ,
100 m göL , 200 m göL , 300 m göL , 400 m göL and
500 m göL.
A ll of t rea tm en ts w ere p laced in an illum inat2
ed incubato r w ith a 14 h ligh t (1 000 Λmo l Eõm - 2õ
s
- 1) ö10 h dark regim e at 25℃. A fter 2 d incuba2
t ion, germ inat ion of bo th w eed and rice seeds w as
ob served. A fter the p lan ts w ere fu rther incubated
fo r addit ional 7 d, the length of the seedlings and
num ber of the roo ts w ere m easu red and reco rded.
A 13 cm 2layer of paddy so il w as pu t in to
tw en ty eigh t 452cm 2diam eter po ts w ith 15 cm
dep th in a glasshou se. 100 seeds of each w eed
052 武 汉 植 物 学 研 究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第 21 卷　　
species and 50 rice seeds w ere sow ed at the su r2
face of so il. A fter 24 h, 200 m göL , 300 m göL ,
400 m göL , 500 m göL , 1 000 m göL , 3 000 m göL ,
5 000 m göL ex tract so lu t ion and em u lsif ier w ere
sp rayed w ith a hand2sp rayer. D ry w eigh t of the
seedlings w as m easu red after 18 d of t rea tm en t.
ANOVA in D uncan’s m u lt ip le comparison w as
emp loyed to compare the difference betw een the
trea tm en ts w ith Sta t ist ic Softw are SPSS 10. 0 and
Excel 97.
T he experim en ts w ere conducted tw ice.
2　Results and D iscussion
A t the concen tra t ion of 50 m göL , the ex tract
p romo ted germ inat ion of the seeds of rice, barn2
yardgrass and eclip ta. T here w ere tw o peak s oc2
cu rred at 50 m göL and 300 m göL in the germ ina2
t ion cu rve of rice and eclip ta respect ively. T he
steep change occu rred tw o t im es in the cu rves of
a ll of th ree tested species betw een 50 m göL
and 100 m göL and betw een 300 and 400 m göL
(F ig11). How ever, barnyardgrass on ly had one
peak at 50 m göL and as concen tra t ion of ex tract in2
creased to greater than 50 m göL , germ inat ion of
the seeds w as inh ib ited. T here w as a fla t cu rve fo r
barnyardgrass betw een 100 m göL and 300 m göL
(F ig. 1). Ex tract so lu t ion at 500 m göL reduced the
ra te of germ inat ion dow n to abou t 50% fo r all test2
ed p lan ts.
F ig11　T he effect of ex tract on germ ination rate of
the seeds of tested w eeds and rice
　
How ever, there w ere differences in b io logica l
act ivity on germ inat ion of th ree species of seeds.
Betw een 100 m göL and 300 m göL , the germ inat ion
ra te of rice seeds w as no t m arkedly influenced by
the ex tract, w h ile that of eclip ta go t h igh po in t a t
300 m göL.
Since the essen t ia l o il ex tracted from roo ts of
A corus ta ta rinow ii can be u sed as repellen t again st
sto red2p roduct in sects, the b io logica l act ivity of in2
h ib it ion of seed germ inat ion cou ld be beneficia l to
reduce con sump tion of gra in s du ring sto ring.
T he inh ib it ion of seedling grow th fo r a ll th ree
species increased w ith increasing concen tra t ion.
W hen concen tra t ion w as 500 m göL grow th w as
comp letely inh ib ited. T he steep cu rves occu rred
betw een 50 m göL and 100 m göL. T he sm all peak
appeared at 50 m göL in rice (F ig. 2). T he ex tract
retarded the roo t grow th m uch mo re than stem
and leaf grow th ( F ig. 2, F ig. 3 and F ig. 4 ). A t
100 m göL o r mo re, the roo t grow th w as seriou sly
inh ib ited ( P < 0. 0 1 ) , andw hen the concen tra t ion
F ig12　T he effect of ex tract on the grow th of stem
and leaf of tested w eeds and rice
　
F ig13　T he effect of ex tract on the grow th of
roo ts of tested w eeds and rice
152　第 3 期　　　　　　　　　强 胜: 石菖蒲根茎挥发油对稗、鳢肠和水稻的萌发与生长的影响 (英)
increased to 400 m göL , the roo t grow th nearly
stopped ( F ig. 3 ). T herefo re, the resu lt show ed
that the inh ib it ion of ex tract to roo t grow th w as
mo re effect ive than leaf and stem grow th, by
w h ich ex tract shou ld be studied fu rther to deter2
m ine po ten t ia l of b io logica lly based herb icide to
con tro l w eeds in paddy rice fields.
F ig14　T he effect of ex tract on the grow th of seedlings
of tested w eeds and rice
　
T he num ber of roo ts w as no t sign if ican t ly in2
f luenced at concen tra t ion of less than 400 m göL
(P > 0. 05) (F ig. 5). A t 400 m göL , the num ber of
roo ts reduced to the low est percen tage. How ever,
there w ere differences in b ioact ivity betw een tho se
th ree species of p lan ts since there w ere m arked
differences betw een rice and barnyard grass a t
concen tra t ion of betw een 400 m göL o r h igher and
300 m göL o r low er fo r (P < 0. 01). A lthough the
germ inat ion ra te of rice and barnyard grass seeds
F ig15　T he effect of ex tract on num ber of roo ts
of tested w eeds and rice
under the trea tm en t of 300 m göL ex tract w ere
h igher than at con tro l, mo st of germ inated seeds
on ly had bud sheath ou t of seeds ( F ig. 5 ). It
appears that bud sheath cou ld no t be inh ib ited by
the ex tract. T he elongat ion of bud sheath cou ld be
even p romo ted at 300 m göL o r h igher concen tra2
t ion.
T he grow th of tested p lan ts w as p romo ted at
low er than 3 000 m göL (F ig. 6). A t 3 000 m göL o r
h igher, the grow th of p lan ts w as in h ib ited. T he
inh ib it ion effect of the ex tract on the grow th of
barnyardgrass and eclip ta w as greater than that on
rice.
F ig16　T he effect of ex tract on grow th of the w eeds
and rice in a glasshouse
　
T he inh ib it ion effect of ex tract on tw o w eed
species w as mo re than that on rice in the
glasshou se experim en t so that the ex tract cou ld be
u sed as a b io logica l based herb icide fo r con tro l of
paddy w eeds. In addit ion, p romo tive effect of the
grow th at low do sage of ex tract cou ld be u sed as a
p lan t grow th regu la to r.
T here w ere the m arked differences in the ef2
fect ive do sage betw een the labo ra to ry and
glasshou se experim en ts since the fo rm er clo sing
experim en ta l system p ro tected b io logica l con2
st ituen ts from vo la t ilizing w h ile the la t ter open ing
one allow ed som e of them to vo la t ilize.
Becau se asarones w ere m ajo r con st ituen ts of
fract ion fou r deph legm ated from essen t ia l o il, a l2
lelopath ic effect of the ex tract on h igher p lan ts
252 武 汉 植 物 学 研 究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第 21 卷　　
m ay be due to asarones.
Acknowledgemen t: T hank s to M iss M iao M aoqiu fo r
her techn ical assistance and D r. Zhang W enm ing fo r h is
imp ro2ving m anuscrip t in English.
References:
[ 1 ]　T iw ari S N. Efficacy of som e p lan t p roducts as grain
p ro tectan ts against S itop h ilus ory z ae [ J ]. J Insect
S ci, 1993, 6 (1) : 158 160.
[ 2 ]　Umoetok S B A. T he tox icity of sw eet flag (A corus
ca lam us ) to th ree m ajo r insect pests of sto red p ro2
ducts [J ]. G loba l J P u re A pp l S ci, 2000, 6 ( 2) :
187 189.
[ 3 ]　N aw am ak i K, KuroyanagiM. Sesqu iterpeno ids from
A corus ca lam us as germ ination inh ib ito rs [J ]. P hy to2 chem istry , 1996, 43 (6) : 1 175 1 182.[ 4 ]　D ella2Greca A , M onaco P, P revitera L , et a l. A lle2lochem ical activity of phenylp ropanes from A corusg ram ineus[J ]. P hy tochem istry , 1989, 28 (9) : 2 3192 321.[ 5 ]　Saxena D B , Koh li P K, R an iD , et a l. Exh ib it ion ofphyto tox icity of asarone natu ral componen t of A corusca lam us L [A ]. In: T auro P, N arw al S eds. P rocF irst N atl Symp about A llelopathy in A groeco system[C ]. H isar, India: Indian Society of A llelopathy,CCS H aryana A gricu ltu ral U niversity, 1992. 203204.[ 6 ] 　Yang J S, H e Z Y, Chen Y W , et a l. O n con2st ituen ts of essen tia l o il of A corus g ram ineus [ J ].B u ll H erba l M ed ic, 1979, 10 (4) : 4 7. 352　第 3 期　　　　　　　　　强 胜: 石菖蒲根茎挥发油对稗、鳢肠和水稻的萌发与生长的影响 (英)