利用光学显微镜对山东堇菜属Viola L. 20种2变种植物的叶上、下表皮微形态进行了研究.结果表明,该属植物叶表皮细胞为多边形或不规则形,垂周壁为波形、浅波形或平直弓形,气孔器为不等型(偶上表皮兼有平列型).根据其上表皮是否具有平列型气孔器,可将其分为两个类型,即①上表皮有平列型气孔器,如三色堇;②上表皮无平列型气孔器,如该属绝大多数植物.类型②又根据叶表皮细胞形状和垂周壁式样之不同,进一步划分为4个亚类型.表皮细胞形状和垂周壁式样对该属内种、变种的鉴定具有重要的意义.不赞成将早开堇菜、茜堇菜合并到紫花地丁;不支持将阴地堇菜作为蒙古堇菜的鉴定;不支持将泰山堇菜合并到早开堇菜、将总裂叶堇菜降为裂叶堇菜的变种.
Abstract:The micromorphology of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of 20 species and 2 varieties of the genus Viola L.(Violaceae) in Shandong was studied under light microscope (LM).The results showed that the surface cells were polygonal or irregular,the anticlinal walls were undulate,sinuate or straight to arcuate,and the stomata were anisocytic(paracytic type is found only on the adaxial surface of V.tricolor).The micromorphology of the leaf surfaces could be divided into two types according to the stomata type,（1） adaxial surface with paracytic stomata, like V. tricolor, and（2） adaxial surface without paracytic stomata, including most species of the genus.Type （2） could be further divided into four subtypes based on the surface cell shapes and anticlinal wall patterns.Understanding micro-morphology of leaf surfaces is valuable for the classification of the species and varieties in the genus.Results did not,however,agree with the viewpoint of V.prionantha and V.phalacrocarpa being ascribed to V.philippica;and did not support V.yezoensis being treated as a misidentification of V.mongolica,V.taishanensis being united to V.prionantha,and V.incisa being reduced to a variety of V.dissecta (V.dissecta var. incisa).