作 者 ：刘成运;周铉
期 刊 ：武汉植物学研究 1987年 5卷 2期 页码：101-110
Keywords:Galeola faberi, Endomycorrhiza,
摘 要 ：山珊瑚内生菌根真菌在人工培养基上分离培养不能生长。侵染菌丝由山珊瑚侧根表皮侵入,在皮层中部形成侵染通道。进入皮层细胞后形成丛枝吸器。被侵染的寄主细胞仍是生活细胞,但细胞质变稀,蛋白质、RNA 含量很少。近中柱的6至8层皮层细胞壁增厚并木质化。丛枝吸器含有丰富的红淀粉,少量的中性脂肪、碱性蛋白质和 DNA。菌丝丛枝干幼龄期电子致密,周围有界面物质包围,在衰老时泡囊化,界面物质亦瓦解。吸器由五边形结构组成。寄主细胞在被侵染前含淀粉质体、线粒体、高尔基体、内质网和核糖体,在被侵染后,淀粉质体消失,其它细胞器数量明显减少,而主要是微丝和小液泡及多泡体。文章讨论了山珊瑚菌根与天麻和泡囊-丛枝菌根的异同。
Abstract:The hyphae of endomycorrhiza of Galeola faberi can‘t grow in vitro. The fibrous infection hyphae invade epidermis of lateral roots of Galeola faberi, and is formed an infect cavity in periphery of the cortical tissue. Infection proceeds toward the middle of cortical tissue and infection passage parallel to the vertical axis of lateral roots. The growing point of infection hyphaeare very turgid. The hyphae in the infection passage penetrated into cortical cells through pits and ramify in the cells with haustoria formed at the ramose tips. Nuclei in infected cells re main uncharged, but the cytoplasm became sparse. Them symbiotic state so formed remains relatively need. The cell walls of the inner 6—8 cortical cell layers thicken and lignify bala, so that, infection by hyphae is largely prevented. Only a few hyphae enters into the cells and form typical haustoria. A lot of secondary metabolites are released when the haustorium senescence and collapse. These metabolites are transported to the phloem through pits and provide nutriuts for growth and development of Galeola faberi.Small amount of RNA and protein were found in the cytoplasm of the mycorrhiza, although they were rich in the nucleus. Traces of DNA and arginine were detected in the arbuscules and haustoria, but reactions of RNA and protein were inconspicuous. The arbuscules contained lipids, but not detected in the senescent haustoria. All arbuscules and haustoria were rich in amylopectin (red starch). Callose and polyphenol compound were found at the hyphase passage way on the plant cell wall. Net work of chitine was found in the wall haustorium.Under the ttansmission electron microscopy, the highest electron density of cytoplasm was observed at the early stage of the arbuscular trunk. It contained a little vesicle and a layer cf interfacial material from cytoplasmic hyperplasia of host, and this interracial material of membranous structure surround the hypha, and the structural features of this intergacial material were similar to Gastrodia elata. Following the development of the hyphae, the arbuscular trunk and haustorium gradually decrepitude, and the electron density material were lost. As the outer single membrane round the haustirium disrupted, the pentagonal membranous structure were released, and at last, the arbuscular trunk become an empty cavity.The renewable arbuscular trunk were formed at the basic region of the decrepit one. It contained two nuclei and the structure are clearly. Before the infection of host cells, the organelle are amyloplast mitochondrium, dictyosome and a little endoplast reticulum and ribosome. After the infection, the members of organelle occured change. It consist of microfilaments, small vacuole and multivesicular bodies which play a part in transfer and hydrolysis of material within the cell. In this paper, the difference and similarities on the ultrastructure among the Galeola faberi with V-AM and Gastrodia elata were disscussed.
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