以辽宁省近年来育成的40个水稻品种为试材，研究了穗部性状的品种间差异、穗型分类方法及其与穗部性状、产量和品质的关系。结果表明，调查的13项穗部性状的品种间差异均达到极显著水平；以单穗重、着粒密度、穗直立程度和穗型指数为指标，分别将试材划分为重、中、轻，密、中、稀，直、半、弯，上、中、下4类各3种穗型；总体看重穗型有与密穗型相对应的趋势，共同特点是穗数少而一次枝梗数和每穗粒数多，着粒密度大，二次枝梗粒数及其占每穗粒数的比率（二次粒率）高，结实性特别是二次枝梗结实性差，因而产量潜力较高但是品质较差；直立穗型与重穗型和密穗型的对应关系不如前两者之间明显，在穗数、一次枝梗数、每穗粒数、着粒密度等方面与重穗型和密穗型相似，但是二次粒率低，结实率高，加工品质、外观品质和食味品质都优于重穗型和密穗型；上部优势型在结实性和品质性状上有明显优势，但是产量较低。因此，直立穗型与上部优势型相结合将有利于北方粳稻产量和品质的协调统一。
Panicle is one of the important objective for improving the plant type of rice. Studying on the panicle traits were lagged behind compared with studying on the culm and leaf. Recent years, studying on the effect of panicle traits on seed setting ability and yield increased, but little of reports could be found in integrative comparing with the classification in different panicle type and studying on the relationship of panicle type with yield and quality. In this paper, 40 rice cultivars bred during recent years in Liaoning were used to study panicle character differences, panicle type classification and their relationships with grain yield and quality for providing the theoritic basis to improve panicle type. The results showed that 13 panicle traits varied significantly among cultivars. The tested cultivars were classified into heavy panicle type (HPT), middle panicle type (MPT), and thin panicle type (TPT) according to panicle weight; dense panicle type (DPT), semi-dense panicle type (SDPT) and loose panicle type (LPT) according to grains density; erect panicle type (EPT), semi-erect panicle type (SEPT), and curved panicle type (CPT) according to panicle-neck curvature (PNC); superior-on-the-up-part type (SUT), superior-on-the-middle-part type (SMT), and superior-on-the-low-part type (SLT) according to panicle trait index (PTI), respectively. The panicle characters of HPT were similar to those of DPT, with fewer panicles per plant, more grains per panicle, higher grain density, higher ratio of secondary branch grains/total grains, lower seed-setting rate, which resulted in the higher yield and inferior grain quality. Relation of EPT with HPT or DPT was not as significant as that of HPT with DPT. The panicle number, primary branches, grains per panicle, grain density of EPT were similar to those of HPT or DPT. EPT had lower ratio of secondary branch grains to total grains per panicle, but higher seed setting rate, which resulted in that the processing qualities, appearance qualities and eating qualities of erect panicle rice cultivars were superior to those of heavy panicle type and compact panicle type rice cultivars. SUT cultivars had higher seed setting rate and better quality characters, but lower grain yield. Therefore, it may be advantageous for harmonizing yield and quality by combining EPT with SUT.
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