以不同来源大豆种质为材料进行基因组SSR分析，探讨大豆遗传多样性研究方法，旨在为科学评价大豆种质资源提供参考。当取样比例相同时，湖北大豆的遗传丰富度显著高于湖南大豆，但两省大豆遗传多样性指数之间没有显著差异。当取样量相同时，利用随机取样法比较，湖南大豆的遗传多样性显著高于湖北，而利用聚类取样比较，两省大豆的遗传多样性没有显著差异。在遗传多样性指数相同情况下，湖北大豆的遗传丰富度显著高于湖南大豆。取样数与三个遗传多样性评价参数（等位变异数、Shannon指数、He）之间均达到显著和极显著相关。以湖南大豆为例，估算出在大豆SSR遗传多样性分析中，至少需要50~60个样本，即占总体9.0%~10.8%的取样比例，才能代表总体的遗传变异。提出在评价大豆遗传多样性时，应用大豆样本数对其遗传多样性指数计算公式进行修正，建议将Shannon指数计算公式改为H＝－lnN ∑Pi lnPi (N为样本数)。根据修正公式分析，结果表明，湖北大豆的遗传多样性高于湖南大豆。
Accessions from Hunan and Hubei provinces in the Chinese soybean pre-core collection were analyzed with SSR markers to determine an optimal strategy in genetic diversity evaluation. The results showed that when analyzed with the same sampling ratio, the number of alleles in accessions from Hubei province was higher than those from Hunan province, however the difference was not up to significant level in genetic diversity index. When analyzed with same sample size by random sampling, accessions from Hunan province were higher both in number of alleles and diversity index than those from Hubei, while there was no significant difference between them as sampled based on cluster. Accessions from Hubei were larger in number of alleles than those from Hunan when sampled by the same genetic diversity index. Genetic diversity index was influenced by sample size as we concluded, and we deduced that in genetic diversity analysis, a minimum of 50–60 accessions (9.0%–10.8% percent of total accessions) was required to represent most of genetic variation, so that it could explain the total genetic variation. An adjustment of the formula for Shannon index was also proposed after a set of analyses based on accessions from Hunan and Hubei. And with it, accessions from Hubei showed higher genetic diversity than those from Hunan province.
全 文 ：