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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2014年 15卷 2期

关键词：麻楝；种源；种子形态；营养成分；主成分分析；

Keywords:Chukrasia tabularis, provenance, seed character, nutrient, cluster analysis,

摘 要 ：为系统揭示麻楝种源间种子形态和营养成分的变异程度和变异规律，以8个国家26个种源麻楝种子为试验材料，对不同种源麻楝种子的形态特征和营养成分进行比较分析。结果表明，不同种源间麻楝种子的长度（5.77~8.82 mm)、宽度(3.82~5.52 mm)、厚度(0.59~0.82 mm)、长宽比(1.41~1.77)、百粒重(081~1.52 g)以及可溶性蛋白质(14.12~51.65 mg?g-1)、可溶性糖(10.36%~16.63%)和淀粉(18.83%~70.74%)含量差异极显著；相关分析知，麻楝种子百粒重与种子长度、宽度呈极显著正相关，种子可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉含量与种子百粒重也均呈极显著正相关；主成分分析结果显示，影响麻楝种子品质的第一主成分主要是种子形态性状，即种子长度、百粒重和种子宽度，第二主成分是种子营养成分；通过分析麻楝种子形态特征及营养成分变异系数知，麻楝种子形态变异系数平均为35.3%大于麻楝种子营养成分变异系数32.2%，这也说明麻楝种子形态性状较营养成分性状稳定，受外界环境因素影响较小。通过主成分聚类分析，将26个种源分为两个集群，第一集群包括两个种源澳大利亚和马来西亚，第一集群的特点是种子形态较大、百粒较重、养分含量较高；第二个集群包括其余24个种源。结合聚类分析和种子形态与地理气候因子相关分析结果可以知，麻楝种子形态变异具有一定的地理区域特征，与分布区的自然地理因素有一定的相关性，麻楝分布南部种子较大而北部种子较小。

Abstract:This study was conducted to investigate the variation in seed traits and nutrient contents among 26 provenances of Chukrasia tabularis from 8 countries in Asia and Australia. There were highly significant differences among provenances in seed length (range 5.77~8.82 mm), seed width (3.82~5.52 mm), seed thickness (0.59~0.82 mm), seed length-width ratio (1.41~1.77), 100-seed weight (0.81~1.52 g), and contents of soluble protein (14.12~51.65 mg?g-1), soluble sugar (10.36%~16.63%) and starch (18.83%~70.74%) in seed. Although provenances showed mixed performances across the seed parameters measured, seeds from Australia and Malaysia were generally larger and heavier, and had higher protein, sugar and starch contents than those from other countries. Significant correlations between seed traits and environmental attributes were observed. Nutrient contents were correlated negatively with altitude, suggesting that provenances from lower altitude had higher nutrient contents, and vice versa. Principal component analysis revealed that seed length, width and weight, and soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch contents were useful characteristics in explaining the variation pattern among provenances. This study indicates marked variation in seed size parameters and nutrient content among C. tabularis provenances and the influence of geographic location and climate on the variation.

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